Department of Mathematics and Statistics http://www.american.edu/cas/mathstat/ms-biostatistics.cfm Professional Science Master’s Program in Biostatistics Specialty Tracks: Health Policy Track Computational Track Management Track Contact us at: pospiesz@american.edu Protein: courtesy of Władek Minor, UVA Professional Science Master’s (PSM) in Biostatistics In accordance with the goals of the America COMPETES Act and National Research Council of the National Academies, the PSM in Biostatistics degree is a distinctive Master of Science degree designed to prepare students for direct entry into a variety of career opportunities in industry, business, or non-profit organizations in health and medical fields. It combines rigorous study in the science of biostatistics with coursework in workforce skills such as project management, communication, policy development and entrepreneurship. Six Important Reasons to Apply for the Program Our three-track program is the only PSM in Biostatistics program in the country offering a Health Policy Track while also offering Computational and Management Tracks. A unique combination of courses in Statistics, Biology, Public Healthcare, Big Data Analysis, Scientific Computing and Management/Business will prepare you for a rewarding career as a biostatistician in the medical and health sciences, pharmaceutical industries, and public and international health services. You will be introduced to the fascinating field of biostatistics research and publishing under the careful and supportive guidance of our accomplished professors. You will be surrounded by a vibrant international group of students, like you, on our beautiful campus located in Washington D.C. , the heart of American science, business, and culture. As an American University Professional Master’s student you will have many diverse opportunities for biostatistics internships, summer jobs, and permanent jobs after graduation in numerous public and private institutions. Public and private institutions in the United States and around the world are constantly - and often desperately - seeking competent health-oriented Professional Science Biostatisticians, often offering high rates of compensation for such positions. Program Schedule and Choices You can start the program in a spring semester or fall semester. You can be a full-time student (4 semesters + 1 summer) or a part-time student (4 semesters + 3 summers or 5 semesters + 2 summers). You can work while studying. Most classes are offered late afternoon or evening. While receiving a strong education in Biostatistics you have a choice of one of three specializations by selecting the Health Policy Track, Computational Track, or Management Track. To complete your Capstone Experiential, in addition to Internship you can choose a Research Project and/or Consulting. Professional Science Master’s in Biostatistics Admission to the Program In addition to meeting the minimum university requirements for graduate study, see http://www.american.edu/cas/admissions/apply.cfm, applicants are required to have: an adequate background in the mathematical sciences, equivalent to differential, integral, and multivariate calculus, Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, a cumulative undergraduate grade point average of at least 3.0 (on a 4.0 scale). Specific courses needed to prepare for entering the program will be identified through interviews with the applicant. Professional Science Master’s in Biostatistics Degree Requirements Students are required to complete 33 credit hours of approved graduate work, gain Capstone Experience (6 credit hours in 600-level or above courses as approved by a faculty advisor, with grades of B or better), participate in noncredit workshops and seminars on professional skills and current issues in science and technology, demonstrate proficiency in the areas of study as part of the capstone project, internship, and compulsory presentation. PSM in Biostatistics Course Requirements Core Courses (12 credits) STAT-615 Regression (3) STAT-630 Mathematical Statistics I (3) STAT-631 Mathematical Statistics II (3) STAT-622 Advanced Biostatistics (3) PSM in Biostatistics Course Requirements (continued) Capstone Experience (6 credits) Complete 3 to 6 credit hours from the following: PSM-691 Internship (3-6) Complete the remaining credit hours from the following: PSM-690 Independent Study in Professional Science (1-6) STAT-798 Statistical Research and Consulting (1) PSM in Biostatistics Course Requirements (continued) Statistics Electives (3 credits) Complete 3 credit hours from the following: STAT-516 Design of Experiments (3) STAT-517 Special Topics in Statistical Methodology (3) STAT-519 Nonparametric Statistics (3) STAT-520 Applied Multivariate Analysis (3) STAT-521 Analysis of Categorical Data (3) STAT-522 Time-Series Analysis (3) STAT-584 Introduction to Stochastic Processes (3) STAT-605 Introduction to Survey Sampling (3) STAT-616 Generalized Linear Models (3) STAT-624 Data Analysis (3) PSM in Biostatistics Course Requirements (continued) Biology Electives (3 credits) Complete 3 credit hours from the following: BIO-685 Bioinformatics (3) BIO-687 Genomics (3) BIO-689 Biotechnology (3) PSM in Biostatistics Course Requirements (continued) Program Tracks (9 credits) Complete one of the following tracks: Health Policy Track Computational Track Management Track PSM in Biostatistics Course Requirements (continued) Health Policy Track (9 credits) Complete 3 credit hours from the following: PUAD-685 Topics in Policy and Analysis Management (1-3) SIS-635 Advanced Topics in Development Management (3) Complete 6 credit hours from the following: COMM-580 Strategic Health Communication (3) ENVS-665 Environmental Risk Assessment (3) HPRM-575 Global Health (3) HPRM-585 Global Health Policy (3) HPRM-661 Health Promotion in Healthcare (3) HPRM-680 Health Policy and Behavior Change (3) PUAD-604 Public Program Evaluation (3) PUAD-696 Selected Topics: Non-Recurring (1-6) (Approved topic) SIS-624 Children in International Development (3) SIS-626 Social Policy and Development (3) SIS-628 Advanced Topics in International Communication (1-3) PSM in Biostatistics Course Requirements (continued) Computational Track (9 credits) Complete 3 credit hours from the following: ITEC-616 Management Information Systems (3) ITEC-620 Business Insights through Analytics (3) Complete 6 credit hours from the following: CSC-589 Topics in Computer Science (3) (Approved topic) CSC-610 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (3) ITEC-660 Business Intelligence (3) ITEC-670 Database and Big Data (3) MATH-665 Numerical Analysis: Basic Problems (3) MATH-661 Tools of Scientific Computing (3) SIS-646 Information Systems and International Communication (3) STAT-625 Statistical Software (3) PSM in Biostatistics Course Requirements (continued) Management Track (9 credits) Complete 9 credit hours from the following: ACCT-600 Ethics in Business and Accounting (3) COMM-543 Speechwriting (3) FIN-630 Financial Analysis of the Firm: Concepts and Applications (3) ITEC-616 Management Information Systems (3) ITEC-620 Business Insights through Analytics (3) ITEC-660 Business Intelligence (3) MKTG-612 Marketing Management (3) PUAD-685 Topics in Policy and Analysis Management (1-3) SIS-628 Advanced Topics in International Communication (1-3) SIS-635 Advanced Topics in Development Management (3) SIS-646 Information Systems and International Communication (3) Study with us Graduate with us Celebrate with us How to Apply for the Program? You can start the program in a spring semester or fall semester. Applications for the program will be collected online. To start your application go to http://www.american.edu/cas/mathstat/ms-biostatistics.cfm or to http://www.american.edu/cas/admissions/apply.cfm and select Apply Online. Applications are reviewed year-round on a rolling basis, for fall and spring enrollments. Early applicants increase their chance to be awarded with a partial tuition remission. Program Director’s contact: pospiesz@american.edu American University Visit the Campus Meet your Biostatistics Professors Michael Baron conducts research in the theory and methodology of sequential analysis and optimal sequential designs. This field concerns any statistical analysis performed on the data collected sequentially, one observation after another, as it happens, for example, in sequential clinical trials. At any time during the experiment, it is decided whether to continue sampling or stop collecting data and report results. Baron’s contribution is in the development of sequential statistical procedures that attain the desired accuracy and minimize the expected sampling cost under these constraints. His latest research in this regard concerns simultaneous inferences and multiple comparisons in sequential experiments, with main application in clinical trials. An important direction of sequential analysis is called change-point detection. It covers a wide range of problems with a goal detecting sudden changes in distributions of sequentially collected data. In his research, Baron derives the optimal detection stopping rules that achieve the best balance between the detection delay and the rate of false alarms. His work in this area is both theoretical and applied. One of his main applications is in epidemiology, where prompt change detection helps identify a pre-epidemic trend and predict an epidemic. Baron often works with doctors and sometimes participates in clinical trials such as a recent trial of Prometa, a treatment program that helps chronic drug addicts reduce their craving and quit drugs. Recently, by studying change-point in times to relapse, it was discovered that Prometa patients have to stay sober for two weeks after the treatment – and then their probability of going back to drugs reduces drastically. http://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/baron.cfm https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LVu0QOUAAAAJ&hl=en Meet your Biostatistics Professors Kristina Crona’s research area is mathematical evolutionary biology, with focus on adaptation. One application is antimicrobial drug resistance, where the goal is to predict, prevent and manage drug resistance problems. Development of antibiotic resistance and HIV drug resistance depend on several mutations. Several mutations are also involved when pathogens cross the species barrier, for instance from bats (Ebola) or birds (bird flu) to humans. Darwinian processes of practical importance tend to be complex because of gene interactions. A current project concerns higher order gene interactions and implications for recombination. She applies discrete mathematics, including graphs and triangulations of polytopes to fitness landscapes, and use algebraic methods, such as polynomials and Grobner bases for analyzing discrete structures. http://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/kcrona.cfm Meet your Biostatistics Professors Monica Jackson’s current research interest is in the areas of spatial statistics and disease surveillance with applications to developing, investigating methods for detecting cancer clusters, global clustering patterns, and developing simulation algorithms for spatially correlated data. As she writes about her research: “As a spatial statistician, I have expertise in developing spatial models for detecting clustering trends in geographic data. I developed similar models to investigate cancer trends in the U.S. My previous experience and specialization with these types of data has been proven through numerous publications in this field. I have shown rural/urban differences in mammography screening rates in California. This research is important as decisions are made on where to locate screening facilities. I investigated malaria rates in West Africa to determine if global warming were changing the mortality rates associate with Malaria rates. I also examined the patterns of care and survival of African-American, Hispanic and Non-Hispanic white patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. I found that differences in primary tumor size, cancer stage and insurance status were contributing factors in whether patients of different ethnicities/races received surgery, but did not explain differences in the receipt of chemotherapy for some groups. In 2012 I received the Morton Bender Prize for outstanding research by an Associate Professor at American University. I have also spent sabbaticals at the National Cancer Institutes, the Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics at UCLA and at the Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute where I worked on applying my spatial techniques to a wide variety of medical problems.” http://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/monica.cfm https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QFBtbjsAAAAJ&hl=en Meet your Biostatistics Professors For Betty Malloy, promoting progressive public health policy is a matter of numbers. "As a statistician, I get to participate in some projects that ask big questions in terms of getting at the health impacts of occupational and/or environmental exposures on individuals," she says. Malloy is currently developing statistical models for two projects that examine environmental effects on health. In one study, she is working with Ellen Eisen of UCBerkeley on a disease pattern study that examines the effects of auto plant chemicals on over 46,000 General Motors workers during a span of nearly seven decades. The study is sponsored by GM and the United Auto Workers, and by a grant from the National Cancer Institute. By modeling the relationships between exposure to these chemicals and instances of various cancers, Malloy has demonstrated a connection between high exposure and increased relative risk of these diseases. Findings to date have been published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International Journal of Biostatistics and Computational Statistics and Data Analysis. Malloy is also working with Harvard biostatistician Brent Coull on a study examining the effects of air pollution on heart rate and nitric oxide levels in the blood. Sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and the Environmental Protection Agency, the study involves 45 individuals who went on multiple field trips from a suburban environment into St. Louis. By examining information collected from breath analyses, blood samples, and heart rate variation in each participant, the team is examining associations between increased pollution exposure and increased heart rates and nitric oxide levels. The information derived from the breath analyses and blood work has been published in the journal Biostatistics. Malloy is currently working on examining the heart rate data—which was taken over the course of the participants' excursions— and its association with pollution exposure. http://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/malloy.cfm Meet your Biostatistics Professors Maria Pospieszalska Program Director: Professional Science Masters in Biostatistics Pospieszalska currently conducts research in mathematical and stochastic modeling of biophysical processes occurring in blood such as leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation, kinetics of cell rolling in shear flow, adhesion molecules interaction, cell membrane protrusion/tether/sling formation, and atherosclerosis plaque accumulation and behavior. Pospieszalska predicted and described (Biophysical Journal 100:1697-1707, 2011) a new bio-material, which she named nonlinearly decaying spring viscoelastic (NLDsviscoelastic material). A few months later a La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology experimental group, she cooperates with, observed - for the first time the tether phenomenon consistent with the predictions of her mathematical model. The NLDs-viscoelastic properties of the molecular bonds explain why the blood cells are able to adhere to artery walls in spite of a very high shear rate under which the blood flows. The paper (Nature 488: 399-403, 2012) she coauthored was selected as an Editor's Choice of Academic Journal with comments such as by Shu Chien, UC San Diego: “These findings not only have fundamental importance in the mechanobiology of the cell, but also in understanding the pathophysiology of many disease states.”, or by Sussan Nourshargh, WHRI, London School of Medicine “This is a completely new cellular concept that will now be added as an additional step to the leukocyte adhesion cascade that describes the sequential cellular responses involved in guiding neutrophils to sites of inflammation. This pioneering work will without doubt pave the way for other researchers to explore the occurrence of "slings" in a wide range of inflammation scenarios." Pospieszalska has published in other journals such as Molecular Immunology, Biorheology, Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, Microcirculation, Icarus, Journal of Geophysical Research, Physical Review, and Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Statistics. She has written two book chapters on modeling cellular rolling and adhesion in Current Topics in Membranes and in Methods in Enzymology. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MVecizEAAAAJ&hl=en http://www.pospieszalska.phpnet.org/M_Pospieszalska/Recent%20Papers_Abstracts.pdf ….. and your Statistics Professors Mary Gray John Nolan http://www.american.edu /cas/faculty/mgray.cfm http://www.american.edu /cas/faculty/jpnolan.cfm ….. and your Statistics Professors Robert Jernigan Alexandra Kapatou http://www.american.edu /cas/faculty/jernigan.cfm http://www.american.edu /cas/faculty/kapatou.cfm ….. and your Statistics Professors Inga Maslova http://www.american.edu /cas/faculty/maslova.cfm Jun Lu http://www.american.edu /cas/faculty/lu.cfm Department of Mathematics and Statistics Joshua Lansky Department Chair http://www.american.edu/ cas/faculty/lansky.cfm Visit us at https://www.facebook.com/American-University-Department -of-Mathematics-and-Statistics-1232217223460924/timeline American University Graduate Student Resources Housing for graduate/professional students: American University Housing & Dining Programs provides off-campus housing resources to assist with your search for housing within the DC metro area. 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Learn how you can make the difference in people lives Join our vibrant community of professors and students at American University! Biostatistician Occupational Outlook by Grant Conway Biostatistics in Our Everyday Life Everyday, the news media reports on new research findings concerning human health. - New associations found between symptoms and diseases, - Improved outcomes of a new treatment, and - Potential dangers of a behavior or substance. This research involves the work of multidisciplinary teams of researchers, including physicians, nurses, public health officials, environmental health specialists, and biostatisticians. Biostatistics in Our Everyday Life “Patients Do Better After Surgery If They Do ‘Prehab’ First” National Public Radio October 29, 2014 - McGill University biostatisticians studied 77 patients scheduled for a colorectal cancer surgery. - Half of the group received the - placebo by starting the program after their surgery. - Other half received the treatment by beginning the program 25 days before their surgery. Biostatistics in Our Everyday Life “Patients Do Better After Surgery If They Do ‘Prehab’ First” - By testing patients on how far they could walk in 6 minutes following the surgery, biostatisticians found that the group receiving the treatment preformed better. - The treatment group, who received the prehabilitation, walked an average of 23.7 meters father than the control group. - Results of the study were clinically and statistically significant as it exceeded 20 meters. - In collaboration with other studies, this research has helped to develop a model of cancer prehabilitation. What Is the Role of Biostatisticians? In studies like, “Prehabilitation versus Rehabilitation: A Randomized Control Trial in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Resection for Cancer,” Biostatisticians collaborate with other researchers to: - identify the best approach to data gathering given the question that the study seeks to answer, - calculate the needed sample size, - formulate data collection methods, - use statistical software to increase the workability of raw data, - employ statistical tests and terms to conclude the study’s findings and significance, and - convert data into useful information and graphical representations for all consumers of information. Biostatisticians’ Areas of Study Biostatisticians can work on a myriad of research problems and questions: - Factors affecting heart and lung disease - Testing new drugs to combat AIDS - Assessing indoor air quality in schools - Evaluating dental health and dental procedures - How do doctors deal with time pressures to see more patients per day in different health care systems? - Do doctors differently diagnose coronary heart disease by gender, even when the signs presented are exactly the same? Where Do Biostatisticians Work? 1. Academics - Public Health, Nursing, Statistics Schools 2. Government - CDC, FDA, VA 3. Hospitals/Non-Profits - Gates Foundation, Massachusetts General Hospital 4. Pharmaceuticals and Contract Research Organizations - Quintiles, Parexel, Covance, INC Research We will focus on the last three types of employers because they employ more biostatisticians with master’s degrees. Biostatistician Career Outlook While the Bureau of Labor Statistics does not specifically collect employment information on biostatisticians, there is a positive outlook for statisticians with greater advancement opportunities and growth rate of 27% from 2012 to 2022. Biostatisticians in Federal Government - The government continues to work on programs that enhance data, its availability to the public, and its ability to drive data-driven reform. - With these reforms, biostatisticians will play an instrumental role. These demands for change in health care will create a demand for biostatisticians and their expertise. - The Department of Health and Human Services and National Institutes of Health are major employers of biostatisticians and annually conduct more than 38,000 biology and public health related projects. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Biostatistics and Information Management Office • CDC's lead group for statistical expertise for investigations into foodborne, waterborne, and environmental disease outbreaks, research studies, and surveillance data analyses. • One major project is the collection of data through PHLIS (the Public Health Laboratory Information System). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Sample Profession: Health Scientist • Professional Science Master’s Degree in Biostatistics would satisfy its qualifications. • • Some duties include: (1) Analyze epidemiologic investigation data utilizing new methodologies or existing techniques that have been extensively revised; (2) Conduct major statistical studies or continuing projects as part of its investigative program. Biostatisticians in the Private Sector - The majority of biostatisticians work in pharmaceutical and health care companies. - Pharmaceutical and medical manufacturing companies reported an average salary of $92,030 for biostatisticians. - Contract research organizations (CRO) also hire biostatisticians provide clinical-trial and clinical-study support for drugs and medical devices. - Government agencies, research organizations, and medical companies invested 6 billion dollars more in CRO-run research in 2004 than 1994 and the trend continues. Baxter ~ Health Care Company ~ - Biostatistician Baxter ~ Health Care Company ~ - Biostatistician (Full-time) • Duties: Provide statistical support on clinical studies, including representing the biostatistics group on clinical study teams Provide SAS programming support for analysis datasets and presentation tables Develop oversight responsibilities on studies that are outsourced to partners Provide statistical input to publications, presentations, and non-study related activities • Qualifications: Masters Degree in Biostatistics or an equivalent analytic degree with excellent SAS programming skills Biostatisticians in Hospitals - Biostatisticians collaborate with other investigators on clinical and laboratory studies. - Biostatisticians will help to plan studies, to apply for grant funding, resolve data analysis problems, to determine sample size requirements, and to draft the results of the study. - Hospital biostatisticians will collaborate with many different departments that have a gamut of focuses including psychiatry, dentistry, and anesthesiology. Massachusetts General Hospital - Biostatistician • Duties: Creation and maintenance of data capture systems, designing overall schema for data collection to adhere to protocol, programming missing data checks. Perform statistical analysis of studies. Supervise research team on data entry, quality control, and form development. Recode and restructure historical datasets. • Qualifications: • Master’s degree in biostatistics preferred, through programs including but not limited public health Biostatistician Career Ladder Non-Faculty Biostatistician Salary - The median starting salary for a non-faculty biostatistician with a master’s degree is $63,200. - The median salary for a non-faculty biostatistician with a doctorate is $99,300. Faculty Biostatistician Salary - Assistant Biostatistics Professors saw a 12.5% salary increase between 2006 and 2012. - Full Biostatistics Professors with not more than six years of experience reported a median salary of $194,000 - Starting Assistant Professors with a PhD in Biostatistics had a median starting salary of $102,200. Biostatistician Earnings Calculator http://biostatpharma.com/home.htm?page=welcome Statistics vs. Biostatistics Salaries - While the data only covers full professors, it illustrates the trend found in academic and non-academic positions between statistics and biostatistics. - Biostatistics is in greater demand with fewer qualified professionals resulting in a higher salary and greater job security. - Green = Biostatistics Salary, Yellow = Lower Statistics Salary, Blue = Higher Statistics Salary. Biostatisticians Job Security Biostatisticians have higher job security than most professions including statisticians. - A smaller supply of skilled workers creates a demand for that profession and fosters job security. - Biostatisticians are specialized requiring at least a graduate degree in biostatistics or public health with an emphasis in biostatistics. - Government positions may have lower salaries than private-sector biostatisticians but have higher job security. Need for Graduate Statisticians According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 0.83% of master’s degrees conferred in 2011-2012 were in mathematics, statistics, or biostatistics. Biostatistics Degree A graduate degree in biostatistics will equip you with the necessary skills needed in the workforce through: - Rigorous training in statistical theory and methods - Basic knowledge of a biomedical specialty area (i.e. epidemiology, clinical trials, computational biology, neuroscience) - Experience in a team science setting, either in an independent study, an internship, or a short-term (2–3 month) research rotation in a specific clinic or lab. - Training in communication, management and leadership skills, as well as research ethics. “A biostatistician needs to understand both statistical theory and the use of bioinformatic tools.” ~ Fabio Macciardi Biostatistics Degree Biostatisticians working in the fields of genetic epidemiology and bioinformatics need some background in biomedical sciences, covered by the PSM-Biostatistics program at AU. STEM PMF: Biostatistician The Presidential Management Fellows program was expanded to close the skills gap in federal agencies for mission critical occupations, including science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. - Advanced degree will make you eligible for a PMF position. - Repayment of student loans. - Begin managerial work to start at least at GS-9 level. - 2 year fellowship included with networking and training. Articles & Resources You can find many articles further discussing the occupational outlook of biostatisticians, such as: Desperately Seeking Biostatisticians by Anne Gimalac (Nature Reviews) Analyze This: As Key Players on Scientific Teams, Biostatisticians are in High Demand by Kendall Powell (Nature Publishing Group) http://biostatpharma.com/home.htm?page=welcome This website is a great resource for understanding biostatistics as an occupation and learning from professionals in the field. Works Cited http://publichealthonline.gwu.edu/applying-biostatistics-to-a-career-in-public-health/ http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d13/tables/dt13_323.10.asp http://www.amstat.org/careers/biostatistics.cfm http://biostatpharma.com/home.htm?page=welcome http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/21/job-security-flexibility-forbes-woman-net-worth-personalbrand.html http://sph.berkeley.edu/areas-study/epidemiologybiostatistics Lisa M. Sullivan, Marie Davidian, Anita L. DeStefano & Roslyn A. Stone, (2013) Building the Biostatistics Pipeline: Summer Institutes for Training in Biostatistics (SIBS). CHANCE 26:1, pages 4-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15368660 http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/science/articles/10.1038/nj7010-880a Steinbrook, R (May 26, 2005). "Gag clauses in clinical-trial agreements.". The New England Journal of Medicine 352 (21): 2160–2 http://www.pmf.gov/the-opportunity/pmf-stem.aspx AU Professional Science Master’s (PSM) in Biostatistics “Employment opportunities for graduates of this program are plentiful. Students are prepared for positions with public health organizations, government policy agencies, medical research institutions, big data research centers, genome research institutions, census and health record centers, public and private hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, medical software companies, medical device manufactures, environmental companies, insurance companies, consulting firms, international health organizations, and more. Join American University to secure your future!” Director of the Program