ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
DESKBOOK
Second Edition
Frank F. Skillern
Professor of Law
Texas Tech University
School of Law
Shepard'sIMcGraw-Hill, Inc.
P.O. Box 35300
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80935-3530
McGRAW-HILL, INC.
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CONTENTS
51 1.28 Registration of Establishments
51 1.29 Inspections, Enforcement, and Trade
Secrets
91 1.30 Administrative Procedure and Judicial
51 1-31
91 1-32
51 1.33
51 1.34
1 1.35
5 11.36
91 1.37
91 1.38
Review
Federal Pesticide Act of 1978
FlFRA Amendments of 1988
-Reregistration
-Storage and Disposal of Banned
Pesticides
-Indemnities
-Enforcement Provisions
Delaney Amendment
Additional Readings
Criminal Enforcement of Environmental
Charles P. Bubany
51 2.01 Topics in Chapter 12
91 2.02 Civil Contrasted with Criminal Enforcement
of Environmental Laws
51 2.03 Environmental Statutes with Criminal
Penalties
91 2.04 Development of Scienter Requirement in
Environmental Crimes
91 2.05 Development of Liability under Criminal
Provisions in Environmental Statutes
91 2.06 Responsible Corporate Officer Doctrine:
Dotterweich Park
91 2.07 Decision to Prosecute: Prosecutorial
Discretion
91 2.08 Overview of Criminal Justice
Process:lnvestigation
-Grand Jury Proceedings
-Grand Jury Subpoena Power
Parallel Proceedings
-Stays of Grand Jury Proceedings
-Stays of Civil Actions
-Test for Staying Parallel Proceedings
Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
Immunity: Transactional and Use
Double Jeopardy: Differentiating Civil from
Criminal Sanctions
§ 12.18 Collateral Estoppel
51 2.1 9 Affirmative Defense of JustifiableReliance
51 2.09
51 2.10
91 2.1 1
91 2.1 2
912.13
91 2.1 4
91 2.1 5
91 2.1 6
51 2.1 7
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CONTENTS
512.20 Pretrial Motions
912.21 -Motions Directed to the Indictment
512.22 --Obtaining Material Evidence: The Brady
Motion
312.23 -Discovery
51 2.24 Motions to Suppress Evidence: Search and
Seizure
s12.25 Fines
5 12.26 Federal Sentencing Guidelines
$12.27 Sentence Determinations under the
Guidelines
51 2.28 -Applying the Sentencing Guidelines:
Environmental Offenses Example
5 12.29 --Organization Sentencing Guidelines
512.30 Criminal Offenses under Selected
Environmental Statutes: Clean Air Act
512.31 --Criminal Cases under the CAA
512.32 CERCLA
$12.33 -CERCLA Criminal Cases
512.34 Clean Water Act
512.35 --CWA Criminal Cases
5 12.36 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA)
5 12.37 -Knowing Endangerment
512.38 -Summary of Criminal Offenses under
RCRA
912.39 -RCRA Scienter Requirement in the Courts
12.40 -RCRA Criminal Cases
512.41 -Definition of "Person" under RCRA
512.42 -Defense to RCRA Prosecution: Definition
of Solid Waste
512.43 --"Mixtureu and "Derived From" Rules
912.44 Additional Readings
13
Constitutional Issues in Environmental Law
Daniel H Benron and frank F. Skillern
513.01
513.02
513.03
s13.04
Topics in Chapter 13
Introduction: Background
Basis of Constitutional Issues
Federalism: Respective Role of State and
Federal Governments
513.05 The Environmental Context
513.06 The Commerce Clause Delegation of
Affirmative Powers to Congress
CONTENTS
fj13.07 State Legislation Burdening Interstate
13.08
13.09
13.1 0
51 3.1 1
5 13.1 2
5 13.13
5 13.14
5 13.1 5
51 3.1 6
51 3.1 7
s13.18
5 13.1 9
5 13.20
§ 13.21
§ 13.22
5 13.23
51 3.24
fj13.25
91 3.26
513.27
s13.28
513.29
91 3.30
§ 13.3 1
g13.32
Commerce: Relinquished Power under the
Commerce Clause
-Navigational Servitude
-Environmental Legislation
-Cooperative Federalism
States' Reserved Power under the Tenth
Amendment: National League of Cities v
Usery
-Retreat from and Overruling of Usery
-Revival of Tenth Amendment Limitation:
New York v United States
Negative Limitation on State Regulation:
The Dormant Commerce Clause
-Dormant Commerce Clause Case
Examples: Pike v Bruce Church, Inc
-State Ban on Importing Waste: City of
Philadelphia v New /ersey
-State Discriminatory Fees on Waste
Disposal
-Flow Control Ordinance: C & A
Carbone, Inc v Town of Clarkstown,
New York
-State Restrictions to Wastes Generated
In-state: Fort Cratiot Sanitary Landfi14
lnc v Michigan Department of Natural
Resources
Sovereignty over Natural Resources:
Hughes v Oklahoma
-Hughes Applied: Maine v Taylor
-Requiring Use of In-state Resources:
Wyoming v Oklahoma
State Involvement in the Market
-State-Subsidized Business: Alexandria
Scrap Corp
-State-Owned Businesses
-State Market Involvement: Conclusions
The Doctrine of Preemption
Example: Regulation of Nuclear Power
-State Moratorium on Nuclear Power
Plants: Pacific Cas and Electric Co v
State Energy Resources Conservation
and Development Commission
-Preemption in Environmental Situations
-Local Regulation of Pesticides
-State Stream Minimum Flow
Requirements
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xlii
CONTENTS
51 3.33 -Preemption under CERCLA: Exxon
Corp v Hunt
51 3.34 Equal Protection and Privileges and
Immunities Limitations
s13.35 State Taxation of Natural Resources:
Commerce Clause and Preemption Issues
913.36 -Preemption
513.37 --State "First Use" Taxes
51 3.38 -State Severance Taxes
51 3.39 Cooperative Programs: U M A Example
9 13.40 Cooperative Federalism: The FSMCRA
Example
51 3.41 Federal Common Law of Nuisance
5 13.42 --Illinois v City o f Milwaukee (Milwaukee
1)
13.43 -Limitations o n Federal Common Law of
Nuisance Action
13.44 -Illinois v Milwaukee Revisited
13.45 Regulatory Takings
s13.46 -Pennsylvania Coal Co v Mahon: The
Starting Point
13.47 -A Second Look at Pennsylvania Coal:
Keystone Bituminous Coal
13.48 Historic Preservation: Penn Central
13.49 Permit Programs: Riverside Bayview
5 13.50 Conditional Permit: Nollan
51 3.51 Inverse Condemnation Suit for Damages:
First Engljsh
s13.52 Damages Allowed for Regulatory Taking:
L ucas
51 3.53 Mandatory Dedications: Dolan v City o f
Tigard
s13.54 Additional Readings
Table of Cases
Table of Statutes
Table of Regulations
Index