A BmLIOGRAPHY FOR THE UNITED STATES
COURTS OF APPEALS·
by Thomas E. Baker"
If we are to keep our democracy, there must be one commandment: Thou
shalt not ration justice.
- Learned Hand l
This Bibliography was compiled for a book by the present author
entitled, RATIONING JUSTICE ON ApPEAL - THE PROBLEMS OF THE V.S.
COURTS OF APPEALS, published in 1994 by the West Publishing Company.
That book is a general inquiry into the question whether the United States
Courts of Appeals have broken Judge Hand's commandment already and,
if not, whether the Congress and the Courts inevitably will be forced to
yield to the growing temptation to ration justice on appeal.
After a brief history of the intermediate federal courts, the book
describes the received tradition and the federal appellate ideal. The book
next explains the "crisis in volume," the consequences from the huge
docket growth experienced in the Courts of Appeals since the 1960s and
projected to continue for the foreseeable future. The past techniques of
adding judges and dividing circuits are chronicled. There follows a general
discussion and evaluation of reforms, including reforms already implemented
and those being proposed. Reforms are divided into intramural reforms,
procedural reforms capable of being implemented by the judges, and
extramural refotms, which require Congressional action. The book ends
with a discussion of alternative futures of the federal intermediate court and
a suggestion about how the public debate ought to choose among them. All
these themes are reflected in this bibliography, which is arranged to follow
the chapters in the book.
Despite the inevitability of errors of both inclusion and exclusion, this
is intended to be a complete and comprehensive bibliography of all the
• Adapted with pennission from THOMAS E. BAKER, RATIONING JUSTICE ON ApPEAL - THE
PROBLEMS OF THE U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, Bibliography, Copyright 1994 West Publishing Company,
610 Oppennan Drive, P.O. Box 64526, St. Paul, MN 55164-0526; 800-328-9352. This book began as
a report of the Justice Research Institute for the Federal Judicial Center. Decisions to include or exclude
materials from this bibliography are those of the author alone.
•• Alvin R. Allison Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law. B.S. cum laude 1974.
Florida State University; J.D. with high honors 1977, University of Florida. The author thanks Diana
Nichols and Michael S. Truesdale for their painstaking research efforts in compiling this bibliography.
1. Judge Learned Hand, Address Before the Legal Aid Society of New Yode. Thou Shalt Not
Ration Justice. (Feb. 16, 1951), in BRIEF CASE, 3. 5 (1951).
335
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books and articles dealing with the United States Courts of Appeals
available through June 1993. The works are arranged according to the
organization in the following outline. When a work is particularly relevant
to more than one heading, it is repeated under each heading.
****
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
HISTORY OF THE U.S. COURTS OF ApPEALS . . . . . . . . • . . .
THE FEDERAL ApPELLATE DESIGN: TRADITION AND IDEAL
DOCKET GROWTH AND THE CRISIS OF VOLUME . . . . . . . ..
THE DIVISION OF THE FIFTH CIRCUIT . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . .
THE DEBATE WHETHER TO DNIDE THE NINTH CIRCUIT ...
INTRAMURAL REFORMS ALREADY IMPLEMENTED: WHAT
THE COURTS OF ApPEALS HAVE DONE TO HELP THEMSELVES
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
VII.
Uses of Technology
"
Reforms of Court Administration and the En Banc Court.
More Differentiated Case Management .. . . . . . . . . ..
Greater Emphasis on Oral Argument
Maintaining and Improving Judicial Productivity . . . ..
Using Two-Judge Panels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Developing Advisory Staff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
.Dealing with Frivolous Appeals
Miscellaneous..............................
EXTRAMURAL REFORMS OF THE PAST
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
IX.
354
Oral Argument Reforms
" 354
Briefing Reforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 355
Opinion Writing Reforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 356
Case Management Techniques
360
Staffing Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 362
PROPOSED INTRAMURAL REFORMS: WHAT ELSE THE COURTS
OF APPEALS MIGHT 00 TO HELP THEMSELVES . . . . . . . . .. 365
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
VIII.
337
340
343
347
350
Reducing Original Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Creating Circuit Judgeships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Dividing Courts of Appeals
Creating Specialized Appellate Courts. . . . . . . . . . . ..
Improving Federal Legislation
POSSffiLE EXTRAMURAL REFORMS FOR THE FuTURE . • . . ..
365
367
368
370
370
372
373
374
375
377
377
381
384
388
390
391
392
392
A. Assumptions about the Future
B. Substituting Discretionary Review for the Statutory Right
of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
, 393
395
C. Alternative Structures to the Present Circuit System
1. Multiple Small Circuits
395
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1994]
X.
BIBliOGRAPHY
337
2. A Four-tiered System
,
3. National Subject Matter Courts
,
4. Consolidated Intermediate Appellate Courts
,
5. De jure Jumbo Courts of Appeals ........•....
D. Retaining the Present System
E. Miscellaneous..............................
402
How REFORM MIGHT PROCEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
402
395
398
399
401
401
****
I. HISTORY OF THE U.S. COURTS OF ApPEALS
ALMANAC OF THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY (1988).
PAUL M. BATOR ET AL., HART & WECHSLER'S THE FEDERAL COURTS
AND THE FEDERAL SYSTEM (3d ed. 1988).
HENRY 1. BOURGUIGNON, THE FIRST FEDERAL COURT: THE FEDERAL
ApPELLATE PRIZE COURT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1775-1787
(1977).
ROBERT A. CARP & RONALD STIDHAM, THE FEDERAL COURTS (1985).
ERWIN CHEMERINSKY, FEDERAL JURISDICTION (1989).
ALFRED CONKLING, A TREATISE ON THE ORGANIZATION, JURISDICTION
AND PRACTICE OF THE COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES (4th ed. 1864).
PETER GRAHAM FISH, THE POLmCS OF FEDERAL JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION (1973).
FELIX FRANKFURTER & JAMES M. LANDIS, THE BUSINESS OF THE
SUPREME COURT - A STUDY IN THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM (1927).
JULIUS GOEBEL, JR., HISTORY OF THE SUPREME COURT ENTS AND BEGINNINGS TO 1801 (1971).
ANTECED-
DWIGHT F. HENDERSON, COURTS FOR A NEW NATION (1971).
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURTS OF
ApPEALS AND THE JUDGES WHO SERVED DURING THE PERIOD 1801
THROUGH MARCH 1958, COMM. ON JUDICIARY, U.S. SEN., 85TH CONG., 2D
SESS. (1958).
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FRANK O. LOVELAND, THE ApPELLATE JURISDICTION OF THE FEDERAL
COURTS (1911).
JAMES W. MOORE ET AL., MOORE'S FEDERAL PRACTICE para. 0.1-0.7
(2d ed. 1992).
ROSCOE POUND, ApPELLATE PROCEDURE IN CML CASES (1941).
EDWIN C. SURRENCY, HISTORY OF THE FEDERAL COURTS (1987).
RUSSELL R. WHEELER & CYNTHIA HARRISON, FED. JUDICIAL CTR.,
CREATING THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM (1989).
13 CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT ET AL., FEDERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE §§ 3501-3510 (2d ed. 1984 & Supp. 1992).
Thomas E. Baker, On Redrawing Circuit Boundaries - Why the
Proposal to Divide the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
.
is Not Such a Good Idea, 22 ARIZ. ST. LJ. 917 (1990).
Thomas E. Baker, Precedent Times Three: Stare Decisis in the Divided
Fifth Circuit, 35 sw. L.J. 687 (1981).
Thomas E. Baker, Toward a Unified Theory of the Jurisdiction of the
United States Courts of Appeals, 39 DEPAUL L. REv. 235 (1989).
Thomas E. Baker & Douglas D. McFarland, The Need for a New
National Court, 100 HARv. L. REv. 1400 (1987).
Bennett Boskey & Eugene Gressman, The Supreme Court Bids Farewell
to Mandatory Appeals, 121 F.R.D. 81 (1988).
Robert W. Breckons, The Judicial Code of the United States with Some
Incidental Observations on its Application to Hawaii, 22 YALE LJ. 453
(1913).
Paul D. Carrington, The Function of the Civil Appeal: A Late-Century
View, 38 S.C. L. REv. 411 (1987).
Paul D. Carrington, The Power ofDistrict Judges and the Responsibility
of Courts of Appeals, 3 GA. L. REv. 507 (1969).
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BIBliOGRAPHY
1994]
339
Thomas H. Case & Scott R. Miller, Note, An Appraisal of the Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 57 S. CAL. L. REV. 301 (1984).
Rochelle Cooper Dreyfuss, The Federal Circuit:
.Specialized Courts, 64 N.Y.U. L. REV. 1 (1989).
A Case Study in
Evan A. Evans, Fifty Years of the United States Circuit Court of
Appeals, 9 Mo. L. REV. 18<J (1944).
Iohn P. Frank, Historical Bases of the Federal Judicial System, 13 L.
& CONTEMP. PROB. 3 (1948).
Ruth Bader Ginsburg & Peter W. Huber, The Intercircuit Committee,
100 HARV. L. REV. 1417 (1987).
lames D. Hopkins, The Role of an Intermediate Appellate Court, 41
BROOK L. REv. 459 (1975).
Stanley Mosk, Recycling the Old Circuit System, 27 S.C. L. REv. 633
(1976).
Iohn 1. Parker, The Federal Judicial System, 14 ER.D. 361 (1953).
Richard A. Posner, Will the Federal Courts of Appeals Survive Until
1984? An Essay on Delegation and Specialization of the Judicial Function,
56 S. CAL. L. REV. 761 (1983).
William M. Richman & William L. Reynolds, Appellate Justice
Bureaucracy and Scholarship, 21 U. MICH. I.L. REF. 623 (1988).
Robert L. Stem et aI., Epitaph for Mandatory Jurisdiction, A.B.A. 1.,
Dec. 1988, at 66.
Erwin C. Surrency, A History of Federal Courts, 28 Mo. L. REV. 214
(1963).
Erwin C. Surrency, The Judiciary Act of 1801, 2 AM. 1. LEGAL HIST.
53 (1958).
William F. Swindler, Seedtime of an American Judiciary: From
Independence to the Constitution, 17 WM. & MARy L. REV. 503 (1976).
Kathryn Turner, The Midnight Judges, 109 U. PA. L. REv. 494 (1961).
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William W. Van Alstyne, A Critical Guide to Ex Parte McCardle, 15
ARIZ. L. REv. 229 (1973).
Charles Warren, New Light on the History of the Federal Judiciary Act
of 1789, 37 HARv. L. REv. 49 (1923).
Charles Alan Wright, The Doubtful Omniscience ofAppellate Courts, 41
MINN. L. REv. (1957).
Hiller B. Zobel, Those Honorable Courts First Circuit, 73 F.R.D. 511 (1977).
Early Days on the First
II. THE FEDERAL ApPELLATE DESIGN: TRADITION AND IDEAL
ADVISORY COMM'N ON INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS, A FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING THE CONTROVERSY CONCERNING THE FEDERAL
COURTS AND FEDERALISM (Apr. 1986).
AMERICAN BAR Assoc., COMM'N ON STANDARDS OF JUDICIAL
ADMINISTRATION, STANDARDS RELATING TO ApPELLATE COURTS (1977).
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS.
PAUL D. CARRINGTON, DANIEL J. MEADOR & MAURICE ROSENBURG,
JUSTICE ON ApPEAL (1976).
FELIX FRANKFURTER & JAMES M. LANDIS, THE BUSINESS OF THE
SUPREME COURT - A STUDY IN THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM (1927).
ARTHUR D. HELLMAN, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., UNRESOLVED
INTERCIRCUIT CONFLICTS: THE NATURE AND THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM,
FINAL REpORT: PHASE I (Dec. 1991).
J. WOODFORD HOWARD, COURTS OF ApPEALS IN THE FEDERAL SYSTEM
(1981).
INTERCIRCUIT PANEL OF THE UNITED STATES ACT: HEARING BEFORE
THE SUBCOMM. ON COURTS OF THE SENATE COMM. ON THE JUDICIARY,
99th Cong., 1st Sess. (1985).
KARL N. LLEWELYN, THE COMMON LAW TRADITION ApPEALS (1960).
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DECIDING
1994]
341
BIBliOGRAPHY
THOMAS B. MARVEL, ApPELLATE COURTSAND LAWYERS (1978).
DANIEL J. MEADOR, ApPELLATE COURTS THE CRISIS OF VOLUME (1974).
STAFF AND PROCESS IN
ROSCOE POUND, ApPELLATE PROCEDURE IN CML CASES (1941).
WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST, THE SUPREME COURT: How IT WAS, How
It Is (1987).
REPORT OF THE FEDERAL COURTS STUDY COMMITTEE (Apr. 2, 1990).
RICHARD J. RICHARDSON & KENNETH NELSON VINES, THE POLITICS OF
FEDERAL COURTS (1970).
Thomas E. Baker, A Compendium of Proposals to Reform the United
States Courts of Appeals, 37 U. FLA. L. REV. 225 (1985).
Thomas E. Baker, Precedent Times Three: Stare Decisis in the Divided
Fifth Circuit, 35 Sw. L.J. 687 (1981).
Thomas E. Baker, Siskel and Ebert at the Supreme Court, 87 MICH L.
REV. 1472 (1989).
Thomas E. Baker & Douglas D. McFarland, The Need for a New
National Court, 100 HARv. L. REv. 1400 (1987).
Bennett Boskey & Eugene Gressman, The Supreme Court Bids Farewell
to Mandatory Appeals, 121 F.R.D. 81 (1988).
Michael J. Broyde, Note, The Intercircuit Tribunal and Perceived
Conflicts: An Analysis ofJustice White's Dissents from Denial of Certiorari
During the 1985 Term, 62 N.Y.U. L. REV. 610 (1987).
Paul D. Carrington, Ceremony and Realism: Demise of Appellate
.
Procedure, 66 A.B.A. J. 860 (1980).
. Paul D. Carrington, Crowded Dockets and the Courts of Appeals: The
Threat to the Function of Review and the National Law, 82 HARV. L. REV.
542 (1969).
Erwin Chemerinsky & Larry Kramer, Defining the Role of the Federal
Courts, 1990 B.Y.U. L. REv. 67.
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Charles Clark, The Role of National Courts in 200 Years of Evolving
Governance, 18 CUMB. L. REv. 95 (1988).
Sue Davis & Donald R. Souger, The Changing Role of the United States
Courts of Appeals: The Flow of Litigation Revisited, 13 JUST. SYS. J. 323
(1988-89).
Henry J. Friendly, The "Law of the Circuit" and All of That, 46 ST.
JOHN'S L. REV. 406 (1971).
John J. Gibbons, Illuminating the Invisible Court of Appeals, 19 SETON
HALL L. REv. 484 (1989).
Arthur D. Hellman, Central Staff in Appellate Courts: The Experience
of the Ninth Circuit, 68 CAL. L. REV. 937 (1980).
Patrick E. Higginbotham, Bureaucracy-The Carcinoma of the Federal
Judiciary, 31 ALA. L. REv. 261 (1980).
Howard T. Markey, On the Present DeterioraTion of the Federal
Appellate Process: Never Another Learned Hand, 33 S.D. L. REV. 371
(1988).
Daniel J. Meador, The Federal Judiciary - Inflation, Malfunction. and
Proposed Course of Action, 1981 B.Y.U. L. REV. 617.
Sandra Day O'Connor, Our Judicial Federalism, 35 CASE W. RES. L.
REV. 1 (1984-85).
John J. Parker, Improving Appellate Methods, 25 N.Y.U. L. REv. 1
(1950).
Richard A. Posner, Will the Federal Courts of Appeals Survive Until
1984? An Essay on Delegation and Specialization of the Judicial Function,
56 S. CAL. L. REV. 761 (1983).
Roscoe Pound, The Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the
Administration of Justice, 35 F.R.D. 273 (1906).
William H. Rehnquist, A Plea for Help: Solutions to Serious Problems
Currently Experienced by the Federal Judicial System, 28 ST. LOUIS U. LJ.
1 (1984).
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Judith Resnik, Housekeeping: The Nature and Allocation of Work in
Federal Trial Courts, 24 GA. L. REV. 909 (1990).
Martin Shapiro, Islam and Appeal, 68 CAL. L. REV. 350 (1980).
Rayman L. Solomon, U.S. Courts of Appeals and Their Judges:
Howard's Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System, 1983 AMER. B.
FOUND. R.J. 761.
Jonathan D. Varat, Justice White and the Breadth and Allocation of
Federal Authority, 58 U. COLO. L. REv. 371 (1987).
Fred M. Vinson, Work of the U.S. Supreme Court, 12 TEX. B.J. 551
(1949).
Patricia M. Wald, The Problem with the Courts:
Black-Robed
Bureaucracy, or Collegiality Under Challenge?, 42 MD. L. REV. 766
(1983).
Byron R. White, Dedication L. REV. ix (1984).
Fifth Circuit Symposium, 15 TEX. TECH
III. DOCKET GROWTH AND THE CRISIS OF VOLUME
AMERICAN BAR Assoc., STANDING COMM. ON FEDERAL JUDICIAL
IMPROVEMENTS, THE UNITED STATES COURTS OF ApPEALS: REEXAMINING
STRUCTURE AND PROCESS AFTER A CENTURY OF GROWTH (1989).
AMERICAN BAR FOUND., ACCOMMODATING THE WORKLOAD OF THE
UNITED STATES COURTS OF ApPEALS (1968).
AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE, STUDY OF THE DIVISION OF JURISDICTION
BETWEEN STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS (1969).
ROBERT A. CARP & RONALD STIDHAM, THE FEDERAL COURTS (1985).
DEP'T OF JUSTICE COMM. ON REVISION OF THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL
SYSTEM, THE NEEDS OF THE FEDERAL COURTS (1977).
SAMUEL ESTREICHER & JOHN SEXTON, REDEFINING THE SUPREME
COURT'S ROLE: THE FEDERAL JUDICIAL PROCESS (1986).
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FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., REPORT OF THE STUDY GROUP ON THE
CASELOAD OF THE SUPREME COURT, reprinted at 57 F.R.D. 573 (1972).
J. WOODFORD HOWARD, COURTS OF ApPEALS IN THE FEDERAL SYSTEM
(1981).
HARRY O. LAWSON & BARBARA J. GLETNE, WORKLOAD MEASURES IN
THE COURT (1980).
REPORT OF THE FEDERAL COURTS STUDY COMMITTEE (Apr. 2, 1990).
THE SUPREME COURT AND ITS WORKLOAD CRISIS: HEARING BEFORE
THE SUBCOMM. ON COURTS, CML LIBERTIES, AND THE ADMIN. OF JUSTICE
OF THE HOUSE COMM. ON THE JUDICIARY, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. (1986).
CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT, THE LAW OF FEDERAL COURTS (4th ed.
1983).
Thomas E. Baker, A Compendium of Proposals to Reform the United
States Courts of Appeals, 37 U. FLA. L. REV. 225 (1985).
Thomas E. Baker, Intramural Reforms: How the U.S. Courts ofAppeals
Have Helped Themselves, 22 FLA. ST. L. REv. (forthcoming 1994).
Thomas E. Baker, On Redrawing Circuit Boundaries - Why the
Proposal to Divide the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
is Not Such a Good Idea, 22 ARIZ. ST. LJ. 917 (1990).
Thomas E. Baker & Douglas D. McFarland, The Need for a New
National Court, 100 MARv. L. REv. 1400 (1987).
Thomas E. Baker & Denis J. Hauptley, Taking the Measure of the
"Crisis of Volume" in the U.S. Courts of Appeals, 51 WASH. & LEE L.
REV. (forthcoming 1994).
Quentin N. Burdick, Federal Courts of Appeals: Radical Surgery or
Conservative Care, 60 Ky. L.J. 807 (1972).
Paul D. Carrington, Crowded Dockets and the Courts of Appeals: The
Threat to the Function of Review and the National Law, 82 HARV. L. REV.
542 (1969).
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Richard D. Catenacci, Hyperlexis and Hyperbole: Subdividing the
Landscape ofDisputes and Defusing the Litigation Explosion, 8 REV. LITIG.
297 (1989).
David S. Clark, Civil Litigation, Access to Justice and Social Change:
Research Issues in Longitudinal Court Studies, 12 S. ILL. U. L.J. 713
(1988).
Commission on Revision of the Federal Court Appellate System, The
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Stephen Daniels, Ladders and Bushes: The Problem of Caseloads and
Studying Court Activities Over Time, 1984 AM. B. FOUND. REs. J. 751.
Kevin L. Domecus, Congressional Prerogatives, The Constitution and
a National Court of Appeals, 5 HASTINGS CaNST. L.Q. 715 (1978).
Samuel Estreicher & John E. Sexton, A Managerial Theory of the
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681 (1984).
Wilfred Feinberg, The Coming Deterioration of the Federal Judiciary,
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Marc Galanter, The Day After the Litigation Explosion, 46 MD. L. REV.
3 (1986).
Michael C. Gizzi, Examining the Crisis of Volume in the United States
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Charles R. Haworth & Daniel J. Meador, A Proposed New Federal
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Roman L. Hruska, The Commission on Revision of the Federal Court
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Past and Future Trends, 71
Daniel J. Meador, A Challenge to Judicial Architecture: Modifying the
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Daniel J. Meador, The Federal Judiciary-Inflation, Malfunction, and
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Daniel J. Meador, Origin of the Federal Circuit: A Personal Account,
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Lauren K. Robel, The Politics of Crisis in the Federal Courts, 7 J. DIS?
RESOL. 115 (1991).
Maurice Rosenberg, The Federal Courts in the 21st Century, 15 NOVA
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William K. Slate, n, Report of the Federal Courts Study Committee: An
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Robert A. Ainsworth, Jr., Fifth Circuit Court ofAppeals Reorganization
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Thomas E. Baker, A Compendium of Proposals to Reform the United
States Courts of Appeals, 37 U. FLA. L. REV. 225 (1985).
Thomas E. Baker, A Legislative History of the Creation of the Eleventh
Circuit, 8 GA. ST. U. L. REV. 363 (1992).
Thomas E. Baker, A Postscript on Precedent in the Divided Fifth
Circuit, 36 SW. LJ. 725 (1982).
Warren E. Burger, 1977 Report to the American Bar Association, 68
A.B.A. J. 504 (1977).
Paul D. Carrington, Crowded Dockets and the Courts of Appeals: The
Threat to the Function of Review and the National Law, 82 HARV. L. REV.
542 (1969).
Michael L. Chapman, Appellate Procedure Under the New Eleventh
Circuit Rules, 18 GA. ST. BJ. 134 (1982).
Commission on Revision of the Federal Court Appellate System, The
Geographical Boundaries of the Several Judicial Circuits: Recommendations for Change, 62 F.R.D. 223 (1973).
Commission on Revision of the Federal Court Appellate System,
Structure and Internal Procedures: Recommendations for Change, 67
F.R.D. 195 (1975).
Osmond K. Fraenkel, The Function of the Lower Federal Courts as
Protectors of Civil Liberties, 13 LAW & CONTEMP. PROBS. 132 (1948).
Thomas G. Gee, The Imminent Destruction ofthe Fifth Circuit; Or, How
Not to Deal with a Blossoming Docket, 9 Tex. Tech L. Rev. 799 (1978).
John C. Godbold, The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals Ten Years, 43 MERCER L. REV. 961 (1992).
Alfred T. Goodwin, Splitting the Ninth Circuit Caseload Growth, OR. ST. B. BULL., Jan. 1990, at 10.
The First
No Answer to
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349
Charles R. Haworth, Circuit Splitting and the "New" National Court
of Appeals: Can the Mouse Roar?, 30 Sw. L.J. 839 (1976).
Charles R. Haworth, Screening and Summary Procedures in the United
States Courts of Appeals, 1973 WASH. U. L.Q. 257.
Hearings Before the Commission on Revision of the Federal Court
Appel/ate System, 93d Cong., 1st Sess. (1973).
Howell Heflin, Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Reorganization Act of
1980 - Overdue Relieffor an Overworked Court, 11 CUMBo L. REV. 597
(1980-81).
ArthurD. Hellman, Deciding Who Decides: Understanding the Realities
of Judicial Reform, 15 LAW & Soc. INQUIRY 343 (1990) (reviewing
DEBORAH J. BARROW & THOMAS G. WALKER, A COURT DIVIDED: THE
FIFTH CIRCUIT COURT OF ApPEALS AND THE POLITICS OF JUDICIAL REFORM
(1988».
Arthur D. Hellman, Legal Problems ofDividing a State Between Federal
Judicial Circuits, 122 U. PA. L. REv. 1188 (1974).
A. Leo Levin & Arlene Fickler, Realignment of the Fifth Circuit: A
Necessary First Step, 46 MISS. L.J. 659 (1975).
Burke Marshall, Book Review, 63 TUL. L. REV. 1241 (1989) (reviewing
DEBORAH J. BARROW & THOMAS G. WALKER, A COURT DIVIDED: THE
FIFTH CIRCUIT COURT OF ApPEALS AND THE POLITICS OF JUDICIAL REFORM
(1988».
Lewis R. Morgan, The Fifth Circuit: Expand or Divide, 29 MERCER L.
REV. 885 (1978).
George K. Rahdert & Larry M. Roth, Inside the Fifth Circuit: Looking
at Some of Its Internal Procedures, 23 Loy. L. REV. 661 (1977).
Frank T. Read, The Bloodless Revolution: The Role of the Fifth Circuit
in the Integration of the Deep South, 32 MERCER L. REV. 1149 (1981).
Thomas M. Reavley, The Split of the Fifth Circuit: Update and Finis,
12 TEX. TECH L. REV. I (1981).
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Alvin B. Rubin, Views from the Lower Court, 23 UCLA L. REV. 448
(1976).
Austin Sarat, The Role of Courts and the Logic of Court Reform: Notes
on the Justice Department's Approach to Improving Justice, 74 JUDICATURE
300 (1981).
Philip Shuchman & Alan Gelfand, The Use of Local Rule 21 in the Fifth
Circuit: Can Judges Select Cases of "No Precedential Value"?, 29 EMORY
L.J. 195 (1980).
Albert Tate, Jr., The Last Year of the "Old" Fifth (1891-1981), 27 Loy.
L. REV. 689 (1981).
Gerald Bard Tjoflat, More Judges, Less Justice, A.B.A. 1. July 1993, at
70.
Frederick Bemays Wiener, Federal Regional Courts: A Solutionfor the
Certiorari Dilemma, 49 A.B.A. J. 1169 (1963).
John Minor Wisdom, Requiem for a Great Court, 26 Loy. L. REV. 787
(1980).
Charles Alan Wright, The Overloaded Fifth Circuit: A Crisis in Judicial
Administration, 42 TEX. L. REV. 949 (1964).
V. THE DEBATE WHETHER TO DIVIDE THE NINTH CIRCUIT
1990 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT.
1991 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT.
DEBORAH J. BARROW & THOMAS G. WALKER, A COURT DIVIDEDTHE FIFTH CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS AND THE POLITICS OF JUDICIAL
REFORM (1988).
JOE S. CECIL, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN
A LARGE ApPELLATE COURT: THE NINTH CIRCUIT INNOVATIONS PROJECT
(1985).
HEARING ON S. 948 BEFORE THE SUBCOMM. ON COURTS AND ADMIN.
PRACTICE OF THE SENATE COMM. ON THE JUDICIARY, WIST CONG., 2D
SESS. (1990).
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THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL AND UNITED STATES COURT OF ApPEALS FOR
THE NINTH CIRCUIT, BIENNIAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SECTION 6 OF THE OMNIBUS JUDGESHIP ACT OF 1978 AND
OTHER MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN THE
NINTH CIRCUIT.
PosmON PAPER PREPARED BY THE CIRCUIT EXECUTIVE, U.S. COURT
OF ApPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT (1991).
REPORT OF THE FEDERAL COURTS STUDY COMMITTEE (Apr. 2, 1990).
RESTRUCTURING JUSTICE - THEINNOVATIONS OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
AND THE FuTURE OF THE FEDERAL COURTS (Arthur D. Hellman ed., 1990).
Thomas E. Baker, A Compendium of Proposals to Reform the United
States Courts of Appeals, 37 U. FLA. L. REv. 225 (1985).
Thomas E. Baker, A Postscript on Precedent in the Divided Fifth
Circuit, 36 sw. L.J. 725 (1982).
Thomas E. Baker, On Redrawing Circuit Boundaries -
Why the
Proposal to Divide the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
is Not Such a Good Idea, 22 ARIZ. ST. L.J. 917 (1990).
Thomas E. Baker, Precedent Times Three: Stare Decisis in the Divided
Fifth Circuit, 35 sw. L.J. 687 (1981).
Thomas E. Baker & Douglas D. McFarland, The Need for a New
National Court, 100 HARv. L. REv. 1400 (1987).
Steve Bennett & Christine Pembroke, Mini In Banc Proceedings:
Survey of Circuit Practices, 34 CLEV. ST. L. REV. 531 (1986).
A
Levin H. Campbell, Into the Third Century:
Views of the Appellate
System from the Federal Courts Study Committee, 74 MAss. L. REV. 292
(1989).
Paul D. Carrington, Crowded Dockets and the Courts of Appeals: The
Threat to the Function of Review and the National Law, 82 HARV. L. REV.
542 (1969).
Cathy Catterson, The Changing Ninth Circuit, 21 ARIZ. ST. L.J. 173
(1989).
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Thomas Church, Administration of an Appellate Leviathan: Court
Management in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, in RESTRUCTURING
JUSTICE - THE INNOVATIONS OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT AND THE FuTURE OF
THE FEDERAL COURTS 226 (Arthur D. Hellman ed., 1990).
Commission on Revision of the Federal Court Appellate System, The
Geographical Boundaries ofthe Several Judicial Circuits: Recommendations
for Change, 62 F.R.D. 223 (1973).
Commission on Revision of the Federal Court Appellate System,
Structure and Internal Procedures: Recommendations for Change, 67
F.R.D. 195 (1975).
Steven Flanders, Celebrating Size, 75 JUDICATURE 276, 277 (1992).
Cheryl Frank, Split 9th Circuit? It's Doing Fine as Is, Chief Says,
A.B.A. 1., Jan. 1985, at 30.
Thomas G. Gee, The Imminent Destruction ofthe Fifth Circuit; Or, How
Not to Deal with a Blossoming Docket, 9 Tex. Tech L. Rev. 799 (1978).
Alfred T. Goodwin, Splitting the Ninth Circuit Caseload Growth, OR. ST. B. BULL., Jan. 1990, at 10.
No Answer to
Mark O. Hatfield, Timefor a New Federal Circuit in the West: Why the
Ninth Circuit Should Be Divided, OR. ST. B. BULL., Jan. 1990, at 6.
Arthur D. Hellman, Breaking the Bane: The Common-Law Process in
the Large Appellate Court, 23 ARIz. ST. L.J. 915 (1991).
Arthur D. Hellman, Jumboism and Jurisprudence: The Theory and
Practice of Precedent in the Large Appellate Courts, 56 U. CHI. L. REv.
541 (1989).
Arthur D. Hellman, Central Staff in Appellate Courts: The Experience
of the Ninth Circuit, 68 CAL. L. REv. 937 (1980).
Arthur D. Hellman, Legal Problems ofDividing a State Between Federal
Judicial Circuits, 122 U. PA. L. REv. 1188 (1974).
Arthur D. Hellman, Maintaining Consistency in the Law of the Large
Circuit, in RESTRUCTURING JUSTICE - THE INNOVATIONS OF THE NINTH
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CIRCUIT AND THE FuTURE OF THE FEDERAL COURTS 55, 73-8 (Arthur D.
Hellman ed., 1990).
A. Levin, Lessons for Smaller Circuits, Caution for Larger Ones, in
RESTRUCTURING JUSTICE - THE INNOVATIONS OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT AND
THE FuTURE OF THE FEDERAL COURTS 55, 331, 334 (Arthur D. Hellman
ed., 1990).
Jolm B. Oakley, The Screening of Appeals: The Ninth Circuit's
Experience in the Eighties and Innovations for the Nineties, 1991 B.Y.V. L.
Rev. 859.
Alvin B. Rubin, Views from the Lower Court, 23 VCLA L. REV. 448
(1976).
Mary M. Schroeder, Jim Browning as a Leader ofJudges: A View from
a Follower, 21 ARIZ. ST. L. J. 3 (1989).
Faye A. Silas, Circuit Breaker-Move on to Split the Ninth, A.B.A. J.,
Jan. 1984, at 34.
Judy B. Sloan & Gordon Bennant, Bankruptcy Appellate Panels: The
Ninth Circuit's Experience, 21 ARIZ. ST. L.J. 181 (1989).
Harold 1. Spaeth, Supreme Court Disposition of Federal Circuit Court
Decisions, 68 JUDICATURE 245 (1985).
Gerald F. Velmen, The Influence of the Solicitor General upon Supreme
Court Disposition ofFederal Circuit Court Decisions: A Closer Look at the
Ninth Circuit Record, 69 JUDICATURE 361 (1986).
Clifford J. Wallace, Before State and Federal Courts Clash, JUDGES' J.,
Fall 1985, at 37.
Stephen L. Wasby, The Bar's Role in Governance of the Ninth Circuit,
25 Wn..LIAMETTE L. REV. 471 (1989).
Stephen L. Wasby, Technology and Communication in a Federal Court:
The Ninth Circuit, 28 SANTA CLARA L. REV. 1 (1988).
101m Minor Wisdom, Requiemfor a Great Court, 26 Loy. L. REV. 787
(1980).
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Charles Alan Wright, The Overloaded Fifth Circuit: A Crisis in Judicial
Administration, 42 TEx. L. REV. 949 (1964).
VI. INTRAMURAL REFORMS ALREADY IMPLEMENTED: WHAT THE
COURTS OF ApPEALS HAYE DONE TO HELP THEMSELYES
A. Oral Argument Reforms
AMERICAN BAR Assoc., COMM'N ON STANDARDS OF JUDICIAL
ADMINISTRATION, STANDARDS RELATING TO ApPELLATE COURTS (1977).
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS.
PAUL D. CARRINGTON, DANIEL J. MEADOR & MAURICE ROSENBURG,
JUSTICE ON ApPEAL (1976).
JOE S. CECIL & DONNA STIENSTRA, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., DECIDING
CASES WITHOUT ARGUMENT: A DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES IN THE
COURTS OF ApPEALS (1985).
JOE S. CECIL & DONNA STIENSTRA, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., DECIDING
CASES WITHOUT ARGUMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF FOUR COURTS OF
ApPEAL (1987).
J. WOODFORD HOWARD, COURTS OF ApPEALS IN THE FEDERAL SYSTEM
(1981).
Thomas E. Baker, A Compendium of Proposals to Reform the United
States Courts of Appeals, 37 U. FLA. L. REV. 225 (1985).
Paul D. Carrington, Crowded Dockets and the Courts of Appeals: The
Threat to the Function of Review and the National Law. 82 HARV. L. REV.
542 (1969).
Commission on Revision of the Federal Court Appellate System.
Structure and Internal Procedures:
F.R.D. 195 (1975).
Recommendations for Change, 67
Harry T. Edwards, The Rising Work Load and Perceived "Bureaucracy"
of the Federal Courts: A Causation-Based Approach to the Search for
Appropriate Remedies, 68 IOWA L. REv. 871 (1983).
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John C. Godbold, Improvements in Appellate Procedure: Better Use of
Available Facilities, 66 AB.A J. 863 (1980).
Charles R. Haworth, Circuit Splitting and the "New" National Court
of Appeals: Can the Mouse Roar?, 30 sw. L.J. 839 (1976).
Charles R. Haworth, Screening and Summary Procedures in the United
States Courts of Appeals, 1973 WASH. V. L.Q. 257.
William M. Riehman & William L. Reynolds, Appellate Justice
Bureaucracy and Scholarship, 21 V. MICH. J.L. REF. 623 (1988).
Donald MeG. Rose, Oral Argument in the Sixth Circuit, 19 V. ToL. L.
REV. 229 (1988).
Lauren K. Robel, Caseload and Judging:
Caseload, 1990 B.Y.V. L. REV. 3.
Judicial Adaptations to
Kenneth W. Starr, The Courts of Appeals and the Future of the Federal
Judiciary, 1991 WIS. L. REV. 1.
Stephen L. Wasby, The Functions and Importance of Appellate Oral
Argument: Some Views of Lawyers and Federal Judges, 65 JUDICATURE
340 (1982).
B. Briefing Reforms
AMERICAN BAR Assoc., COMM'N ON STANDARDS OF JUDICIAL
ADMINISTRATION, STANDARDS RELATING TO ApPELLATE COURTS (1977).
PAUL D. CARRINGTON, DANIEL J. MEADOR & MAURICE ROSENBURG,
JUSTICE ON ApPEAL (1976).
JOE S. CECIL, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN
A LARGE ApPELLATE COURT: THE NINTH CIRCUIT INNOVATIONS PROJECT
(1985).
MANAGING ApPEALS IN FEDERAL COURTS (Federal Judicial Ctr. ed.,
1988).
Joy A Chapper, Fast, Faster, Fastest; Appellate Courts Develop Special
Tracks to Fight Delay, JUDGES' J., Spring 1981, at 50.
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Joy A. Chapper & Roger A. Hanson, Expedited Procedures for
Appellate Courts: Evidence from California's Third District Court of
Appeal, 42 MD. L. REv. 696 (1983).
Wade H. McCree, Bureaucratic Justice: An Early Warning, 129 U. PA.
L. REV. 777 (1981).
Daniel J. Meador, Toward Orality and Visibility in the Appellate
Process, 42 MD. L. REv. 732 (1983).
William M. Richman & William L. Reynolds, Appellate Justice
Bureaucracy and Scholarship, 21 U. MICH. J.L. REF. 623 (1988).
John E. Shapard, Appeals Without Brief: Evaluation of an Appeals
Expediting Program in the Ninth Circuit, in FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR.,
MANAGING ApPEALS IN FEDERAL COURTS 441 (1988).
Stephen L. Wasby, The Functions and Importance of Appellate Oral
Argument: Some Views of Lawyers and Federal Judges, 65 JUDICATURE
340 (1982).
C. Opinion Writing Reforms
AMERICAN BAR Assoc., COMM'N ON STANDARDS OF JUDICIAL
ADMINISTRATION, STANDARDS RELATING TO ApPELLATE COURTS (1977).
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE
OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS.
C.E. BOLDEN, ApPELLATE OPINION PREPARATION BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SURVEY (1978).
A SELECTIVE
PAUL D. CARRINGTON, DANIEL J. MEADOR & MAURICE ROSENBURG,
JUSTICE ON ApPEAL (1976).
ROBERT A. LEFLAR, ED., ApPELLATE JUDICIAL OPINIONS (1974).
RICHARD
A. POSNER, THE FEDERAL COURTS: . CRISIS AND REFORM
(1985).
GEORGE K. RAHDERT & LARRY M. ROTH, ApPEALS TO THE FIFTH
CIRCUIT MANUAL (1977).
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REPORTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE JUDICIAL CONFERENCES OF THE
UNITED STATES.
ROBERT L. STERN ET AL.• SUPREME COURT PRACTICE (6th ed. 1986).
DONNA STIENSTRA. FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR.• UNPUBLISHED DISPOSITIONS: PROBLEMS OF ACCESS AND USE IN THE COURTS OF ApPEALS
(1985).
B. E. WITKIN. MANUAL ON ApPELLATE COURT OPINIONS (1977).
Harry Lee Anstead. Selective Publication: Better than Nothing at All?
58 FLA. B.J. 651 (1984).
Burton M. Atkins. Communication of Appellate Decisions: A Multivar-
iate Model for Understanding the Selection of Cases for Publication. 24
LAW & Soc'Y REv. 1171 (1990).
Paige Merrill Baker. Comment. Depublication: The New Starchamber.
18 W. ST. U.L. REV. 313 (1990).
Thomas E. Baker. Precedent Times Three: Stare Decisis in the Divided
Fifth Circuit. 35 SW. L.J. 687 (1981).
Keith H. Beyler. Selective Publication Rules: An Empirical Study. 21
Loy. U. CHI. LJ. 1 (1989).
Robert L. Black. Jr.• Hide and Seek Precedent: Phantom Opinions in
Ohio. 50 U. CIN. L. REV. 477 (1981).
Erica U. Bodwell. Published and Unpublished Federal Circuit Patent
Decisions: A Comparison, 30 IDEA 233 (1989-90).
Paul D. Carrington, Crowded Dockets and the Courts of Appeals: The
Threat to the Function of Review and the National Law, 82 HARV. L. REV.
542 (1969).
Charles G. Douglass, III, How to Write a Concise Opinion, JUDGES J.
Spring 1983, at 4.
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Philip L. Dubois, The Negative Side of Judicial Decision Making:
Depublication as a Tool of Judicial Power and Administration or State
Courts of Last Resort, 33 Vll..L. L. REV. 469 (1988).
David Dunn, Note, Unreported Decisions in the United States Courts of
Appeals, 63 CORNELL L. REv. 128 (1977).
Harry T. Edwards, The Rising Work Load and Perceived' 'Bureaucracy"
of the Federal Courts: A Causation-Based Approach to the Search for
Appropriate Remedies, 68 IOWA L. REv. 871 (1983).
Pamela Foa, Comment, A Snake in the Path of the Law: The Seventh
Circuit's Non-Publication Rule, 39 U. PITT. L. REv. 309 (1977).
Elizabeth A. Francis, A Faster Better Way to Write Opinions, JUDGES
J. Fall 1988, at 26.
James N. Gardner, Ninth Circuit's Unpublished Opinions: Denial of
Equal Justice?, 61 A.B.A. J. 1224 (1975).
Robert Gardner, Toward Shorter Opinions, 55 CAL. ST. B.J. 240 (1980).
Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Remarks on Writing Separately, 65 WASH. L.
REV. 133 (1990).
Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Styles of Collegial Judging Perspective, 39 FED. B. NEWS & J. 199 (1992).
One Judge's
Sheldon Goldman, Conflict on the U.S. Courts of Appeals 1965-1971: A
Quantitative Analysis, 42 U. CIN. L. REV. 635 (1973).
Joseph R. Grodin, The Depublication Practice ofthe California Supreme
Court, 72 CAL. L. REv. 514 (1984).
David M. Gunn, "Unpublished Opinions Shall Not be Cited as
Authority' ': The Emerging Contours of Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure
90(i), 24 ST. MARY'S L. J. 115 (1992).
Charles R. Haworth, Circuit Splitting and the "New" National Court
of Appeals: Can the Mouse Roar?, 30 SW. L.J. 839 (1976).
Daniel N. Hoffman, Nonpublication of Federal Appellate Court
Opinions, 6 JUST. SYS. J. 405 (1981).
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Patrick R. Hugg, Judicial Style: An Exemplar, 33 Loy. L. REV. 865
(1987).
J. Myron Jacobstein, Some Reflections on the Control of the Publication
of Appellate Court Opinions, 27 STAN. L. REV. 791 (1975).
Charles W. Joiner, Limiting Publication of Judicial Opinions, 56
JUDICATURE 195 (1972).
J. Edward Lumbard, Current Problems of the Federal Courts of
Appeals, 54 Cornell L. Rev. 29 (1968).
Charles M. Merrill, Could Judges Deliver More Justice
Fewer Opinions?, 64 JUDICATURE 435 (1981).
if They Wrote
Dorothy W. Nelson, Why Are Things Being Done This Way?, JUDGES
J., Fall 1980, at 13.
Philip Nichols, Jr., Selective Publication of Opinions: One Judge's
View, 35 AM. U. L. REv. 909 (1986).
Michael S. Obennan, Coping with Rising Caseload: A New Model of
Appellate Review, 46 BROOK. L. REV. 841 (1980).
Edwin R. Render, On Unpublished Opinions, 73 Ky. L.J. 145 (1984-85).
William L. Reynolds & William M. Richman, An Evaluation of Limited
Publication in the United States Courts of Appeals: The Price of Reform,
48 U. CHI. L. REv. 573 (1981).
William L. Reynolds & William M. Richman, Limited Publication in the
Fourth and Sixth Circuits, 1979 DUKE L.J. 807.
William L. Reynolds & William M. Richman, The Non-Precedential
Precedent-Limited Publication and No-Citation Rules in the United States
Courts of Appeals, 78 COLUM. L. REv. 1167 (1978).
Lauren K. Robel, The Myth of the Disposable Opinion: Unpublished
Opinions and Government Litigants in the United States Courts of Appeals,
87 MICH. L. REv. 940 (1989).
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Philip Shuchman & Alan Gelfand, The Use ofLocal Rule 21 in the Fifth
Circuit: Can Judges Select Cases of "No Precedential Value"?, 29 EMORY
L.J. 195 (1980).
Donald R. Songer, Criteria for Publication of Opinions in the U.S.
Courts of Appeals: Formal Rules versus Empirical Reality, 73 JUDICATURE
307 (1990).
Donald R. Songer et al., Nonpublication in the Eleventh Circuit: An
Empirical Analysis, 16 FLA. ST. U.L. REv. 963 (1989).
Herbert J. Stem, The Enigma of Unpublished Opinions, 64 A.B.A. J.
1245 (1978).
Joseph Vining, Justice, Bureaucracy, and Legal Method, 80 MICH. L.
REV. 248 (1981).
Patricia M. Wald, The Problem with the Courts: Black-Robed
Bureaucracy, or Collegiality Under Challenge?, 42 MD. L. REv. 766
(1983).
David L. Walther, The Noncitation Rule and the Concept of Stare
Decisis, 6 MARQ. L. REv. 581 (1978).
George M. Weaver, The Precedential Value of Unpublished Judicial
Opinions, 39 MERCER L. REV. 477 (1988).
Irving Younger, On Judicial Opinions Considered as One of the Fine
Arts: The Coen Lecture, 51 U. COLO. L. REv. 341 (1980).
D. Case Management Techniques
AMERICAN BAR Assoc., JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION DIVISION,
STANDARDS RELATING TO APPELLATE DELAY (1988).
AMERICAN BAR Assoc., STANDING COMM. ON FEDERAL JUDICIAL
IMPROVEMENTS, THE UNITED STATES COURTS OF ApPEALS: REEXAMINING
STRUCTURE AND PROCESS AFTER A CENTURY OF GROWTH (1989).
JAMES B. EAGLIN, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., THE PRE-ARGUMENT
CONFERENCE PROGRAM IN THE SIXTH CIRCUIT COURT OF ApPEALS (1990).
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LARRY C. FARMER, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., ApPEALS EXPEDITING
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(1981).
JERRY GoLDMAN, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT
PREAPPEAL PROGRAM: AN EVALUATION (1982).
ROBERT A. LEFLAR, INTERNAL OPERATING PROCEDURES OF ApPELLATE
COURTS (1976).
ANTHONY PARTRIDGE & ALLAN LIND, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CTR., A
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IMPROVING CASE PROCESSING (1990).
Griffin B. Bell, Toward a More Efficient Federal Appeals System, 54
JUDICATURE 237 (1971).
Jerry Goldman, The Civil Appeals Management Plan: An Experiment
in Appellate Procedural Reform, 78 COLUM. L. REv. 1209 (1978).
Irving R. Kaufman, Must Every Appeal Run the Gamut? Appeals Management Plan, 95 YALE L.J. 755 (1986).
The Civil
Irving R. Kaufman, New Remedies for the Next Century of Judicial
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Irving R. Kaufman, The Pre-Argument Conference:
Procedural Reform, 74 COLUM. L. REV. 1094 (1974).
An Appellate
Eve Lieber, Maximum Case Management with Minimum Judge Time,
JUDGES' J., Fall 1986, at 14.
John H. Martin, Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals Pre-Argument
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Pamela Mathy, Experimentation in Federal Appellate Case Management
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Stuart Nagel et al., Optimum Sequencing of Court Cases to Reduce
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E. Staffing Developments
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ADMINISTRATION, STANDARDS RELATING TO ApPELLATE COURTS (1977).
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THE UNITED STATES COURTS OF ApPEALS.
PAUL D. CARRINGTON, DANIEL J. MEADOR & MAURICE ROSENBURG,
JUSTICE ON ApPEAL (1976).
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THE CIRCUIT COURT EXECUTIVE: AN EVALUATION (1985).
DANIEL J. MEADOR, ApPELLATE COURTS THE CRISIS OF VOLUME (1974).
STAFF AND PROCESS IN
JOHN BILYEAU OAKLEY & ROBERT S. THOMPSON, LAW CLERKS AND
THE JUDICIAL PROCESS: PERCEPTIONS OF THE QUALITIES AND FuNCTIONS
OF LAW CLERKS IN AMERICAN COURTS (1980).
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F. Improving Federal Legislation
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