ab133039 – Cyclic AMP
ELISA Kit
Instructions for Use
For quantitative detection of Cyclic AMP in Saliva, Serum and Cell
Culture Supernatants.
This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic
use.
Version 3 Last Updated 3 August 2015
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
1.
BACKGROUND
2.
ASSAY SUMMARY
2
3
GENERAL INFORMATION
3.
PRECAUTIONS
4.
STORAGE AND STABILITY
5.
MATERIALS SUPPLIED
6.
MATERIALS REQUIRED, NOT SUPPLIED
7.
LIMITATIONS
8.
TECHNICAL HINTS
4
5
5
6
6
7
ASSAY PREPARATION
9.
REAGENT PREPARATION
10. STANDARD PREPARATIONS – NON-ACETYLATED FORMAT
11. STANDARD PREPARATIONS –ACETYLATED FORMAT
12. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND STORAGE
13. PLATE PREPARATION
8
9
11
13
14
ASSAY PROCEDURE
14. ASSAY PROCEDURE
15
DATA ANALYSIS
15. CALCULATIONS
16. TYPICAL DATA
17. TYPICAL SAMPLE VALUES
18. ASSAY SPECIFICITY
17
18
20
23
RESOURCES
19. TROUBLESHOOTING
20. NOTES
24
25
Discover more at www.abcam.com
1
INTRODUCTION
1. BACKGROUND
Abcam’s Cyclic AMP in vitro competitive ELISA (Enzyme-Linked
Immunosorbent Assay) is a colorimetric competitive enzyme
immunoassay kit for the quantitative determination of extracellular
cAMP.
A goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody has been precoated onto 96-well
plates. Standards or test samples are added to the wells, along with an
alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugated-cAMP antigen and a polyclonal
rabbit antibody specific to cAMP. After incubation the excess reagents
are washed away. pNpp substrate is added and after a short
incubation the enzyme reaction is stopped and the yellow color
generated is read at 405 nm. The intensity of the yellow coloration is
inversely proportional to the amount of cAMP captured in the plate.
Adenosine 3’, 5’‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is one of the most
important “second messengers” involved as a modulator of
physiological processes. Cyclic AMP is also involved in regulating
neuronal, glandular, cardiovascular, immune and other functions. A
number of hormones are known to activate Cyclic AMP through the
action of the enzyme adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to Cyclic
AMP. These hormones include a variety of anterior pituitary peptide
hormones such as corticotrophin (ACTH), glucagon, calcitonin, thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Because
Cyclic AMP has been shown to be involved in the cardiovascular and
nervous systems, immune mechanisms, cell growth and differentiation,
and general metabolism, there remains considerable interest in the
measurement of intracellular Cyclic AMP in tissues and cell cultures.
The investigation of Cyclic AMP may help to provide a clearer
understanding of the physiology and pathology of many disease
states.
Discover more at www.abcam.com
2
INTRODUCTION
2. ASSAY SUMMARY
Prepare all reagents and samples as
instructed.
Add standards and samples to
appropriate wells.
Add prepared labeled AP-conjugate to
appropriate wells.
Add Cyclic AMP antibody to
appropriate wells. Incubate at room
temperature.
Add pNpp substrate to each well.
Incubate at room temperature. Add
Stop Solution to each well. Read
immediately.
Discover more at www.abcam.com
3
GENERAL INFORMATION
3. PRECAUTIONS
Please read these instructions carefully prior to beginning the
assay.

All kit components have been formulated and quality control tested
to function successfully as a kit. Modifications to the kit
components or procedures may result in loss of performance

Some kit components contain azide, which may react with lead or
copper plumbing. When disposing of reagents always flush with
large volumes of water to prevent azide build-up

Stop Solution is a solution of trisodium phosphate. This solution is
caustic; care should be taken in use

The activity of the alkaline phosphatase conjugate is dependent on
the presence of Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions. The activity of the conjugate is
affected by concentrations of chelators (>10 mM) such as EDTA
and EGTA

We test this kit’s performance with a variety of samples, however it
is possible that high levels of interfering substances may cause
variation in assay results
Discover more at www.abcam.com
4
GENERAL INFORMATION
4. STORAGE AND STABILITY
Store kit at +4°C immediately upon receipt, apart from the
AP Conjugate & Standard, which should be stored at -20°C. Avoid
multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Refer to list of materials supplied for storage conditions of individual
components.
5. MATERIALS SUPPLIED
Goat anti-rabbit IgG Microplate (12 x 8 wells)
96 Wells
Storage
Condition
(Before
Preparation)
+4ºC
Cyclic AMP Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugate
5 mL
-20ºC
Cyclic AMP Antibody
5 mL
+4ºC
Cyclic AMP Standard
500 µL
-20ºC
20X Wash Buffer Concentrate
27 mL
+4ºC
pNpp Substrate
20 mL
+4ºC
Stop Solution
5 mL
+4ºC
Acetylation kit - Triethylamine
2 mL
+4ºC
Acetylation kit - Acetic Anhydride
1 mL
+4ºC
Assay Buffer 2
27 mL
+4ºC
Item
Discover more at www.abcam.com
Amount
5
GENERAL INFORMATION
6. MATERIALS REQUIRED, NOT SUPPLIED
These materials are not included in the kit, but will be required to
successfully utilize this assay:

Standard microplate reader - capable of reading at 405 nm,
preferably with correction between 570 and 590 nm.

Automated plate washer (optional)

Adjustable pipettes and pipette tips. Multichannel pipettes are
recommended when large sample sets are being analyzed

Eppendorf tubes

Microplate Shaker

Absorbent paper for blotting

Triton X‐100 (optional for sample preparation)

Optional (for tissue samples): Liquid nitrogen, mortar & pestle, and
concentrated HCl
7. LIMITATIONS

Assay kit intended for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic
procedures

Do not mix or substitute reagents or materials from other kit lots or
vendors. Kits are QC tested as a set of components and
performance cannot be guaranteed if utilized separately or
substituted
Discover more at www.abcam.com
6
GENERAL INFORMATION
8. TECHNICAL HINTS

Standards can be made up in either glass or plastic tubes

Pre-rinse the pipette tip with the reagent, use fresh pipette tips for
each sample, standard and reagent

Pipette standards and samples to the bottom of the wells

Add the reagents to the side of the well to avoid contamination

This kit uses break-apart microtiter strips, which allow the user to
measure as many samples as desired. Unused wells must be kept
desiccated at 4°C in the sealed bag provided. The wells should be
used in the frame provided

Care must be taken to minimize contamination by endogenous
alkaline phosphatase. Contaminating alkaline phosphatase
activity, especially in the substrate solution, may lead to high
blanks. Care should be taken not to touch pipet tips and other
items that are used in the assay with bare hands

Prior to addition of substrate, ensure that there is no residual wash
buffer in the wells. Any remaining wash buffer may cause variation
in assay results

This kit is sold based on number of tests. A ‘test’ simply
refers to a single assay well. The number of wells that contain
sample, control or standard will vary by product. Review the
protocol completely to confirm this kit meets your
requirements. Please contact our Technical Support staff with
any questions
Discover more at www.abcam.com
7
ASSAY PREPARATION
9. REAGENT PREPARATION
Equilibrate all reagents and samples to room temperature (18 - 25°C)
prior to use.
9.1
Cyclic AMP Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugate
Allow the Cyclic AMP Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugate to
warm to room temperature. Any unused conjugate should be
aliquoted and re-frozen at or below -20°C.
9.2
1X Wash Buffer
Prepare the 1X Wash Buffer by diluting 5 mL of the
20X Wash Buffer Concentrate in 95 mL of deionized water.
Mix thoroughly and gently.
9.3
Acetylation Reagent (optional)
Prepare the Acetylating Reagent by adding 500 µL of Acetic
Anhydride to 1 mL of Triethylamine. Note that this volume is
sufficient to add to 30 mL of diluted standards and
samples. Use the prepared reagent within 60 minutes of
preparation.
Discard any unused portion of the Acetylating Reagent.
Discover more at www.abcam.com
8
ASSAY PREPARATION
10. STANDARD PREPARATIONS – NON-ACETYLATED
FORMAT
Prepare serially diluted standards immediately prior to use. Always
prepare a fresh set of standards for every use. Diluted standards
should be used within 60 minutes of preparation.
10.1 For:
10.1.1
Serum/saliva samples: dilute the Cyclic AMP
standards Assay Buffer 2.
10.1.2
Culture Supernatants samples: dilute the Cyclic
AMP standards with the same non-conditioned
media as the samples
10.2 Allow the 2,000 pmol/mL Cyclic AMP Stock Standard
solution to warm to room temperature. The standard solution
should be stored at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw
cycles.
10.3 Label five tubes with numbers #1 – #5.
10.4 Add 900 µL appropriate diluent (Assay Buffer or Tissue
Culture Media) to tube #1.
10.5 Add 750 µL appropriate diluent to tubes #2 through #7
10.6 Prepare a 200 pmol/mL Standard 1 by adding 100 μL of
2,000 pmol/mL Stock Standard into tube 1. Vortex
thoroughly.
10.7 Prepare Standard 2 by transferring 250 μL from Standard 1
to tube 2. Vortex thoroughly.
10.8 Prepare Standard 3 by transferring 250 μL from Standard 2
to tube 3. Vortex thoroughly.
10.9 Using the table below as a guide, repeat for tubes 4 and 5.
Discover more at www.abcam.com
9
ASSAY PREPARATION
Standard
Sample to
Dilute
1
2
3
4
5
Stock
Standard 1
Standard 2
Standard 3
Standard 4
Volume
to
Dilute
(µL)
100
250
250
250
250
Discover more at www.abcam.com
Volume
of
Diluent
(µL)
900
750
750
750
750
Starting
Conc.
(pmol/mL)
Final Conc.
(pmol/mL)
2,000
200
50
12.5
3.13
200
50
12.5
3.13
0.78
10
ASSAY PREPARATION
11. STANDARD PREPARATIONS –ACETYLATED
FORMAT (optional)
Prepare serially diluted standards immediately prior to use. Always
prepare a fresh set of standards for every use. Diluted standards
should be used within 60 minutes of preparation.
11.1 For:
11.1.1
Serum/saliva samples: dilute the Cyclic AMP
standards Assay Buffer 2.
11.1.2
Culture Supernatants samples: dilute the Cyclic
AMP standards with the same non-conditioned
media as the samples
11.2 Allow the 2,000 pmol/mL Cyclic AMP Stock Standard
solution to warm to room temperature. The standard solution
should be stored at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw
cycles.
11.3 Label five tubes with numbers #1 – #5.
11.4 Add 990 µL of appropriate diluent (Assay Buffer or Tissue
Culture Media) to tube #1.
11.5 Add 750 µL of appropriate diluent to tubes #2 through #7.
11.6 Prepare a 20 pmol/mL Standard 1 by adding 10 μL of
2,000 pmol/mL Stock Standard tube 1. Vortex thoroughly.
11.7 Prepare Standard 2 by transferring 250 μL from Standard 1
to tube 2. Vortex thoroughly.
11.8 Prepare Standard 3 by transferring 250 μL from Standard 2
to tube 3. Vortex thoroughly.
11.9 Using the table below as a guide, repeat for tubes 4 and 5.
11.10 Acetylate all standards by adding 10 μL of the Acetylating
Reagent for each 200 μL of the standard. Add the
Acetylating Reagent directly to the diluted standard or
sample and vortex immediately after the addition of the
Acetylating Reagent.
Discover more at www.abcam.com
11
ASSAY PREPARATION
NOTE: If acetylating standards, then samples must be
acetylated in the same format by adding 10 μL of the
Acetylating Reagent for each 200 μL of the sample.
11.11 Add 1 mL of 0.1M HCl into the B0 tube, followed by 50 μL of
the Acetylating Reagent. Use in steps 13.3 and 13.4 of the
Assay Procedure.
Standard
Sample to
Dilute
1
2
3
4
5
Standard
Standard 1
Standard 2
Standard 3
Standard 4
Volume
to
Dilute
(µL)
10
250
250
250
250
Discover more at www.abcam.com
Volume
of
Diluent
(µL)
990
750
750
750
750
Starting
Conc.
(pmol/mL)
Final Conc.
(pmol/mL)
2,000
20
5
1.25
0.312
20
5
1.25
0.312
0.078
12
ASSAY PREPARATION
12. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND STORAGE

Samples must be stored frozen or below -20°C to avoid loss of
bioactive analyte. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

Samples containing rabbit IgG will interfere with the assay. EDTA
plasma may precipitate during acetylation

Biological fluids, such as serum and saliva, should be diluted in
Assay Buffer 2 and run directly in the assay. A minimum 1:10
dilution is required for serum and a 1:4 dilution for saliva. These
are the minimum dilutions required to remove matrix interference
of these samples

Culture supernatants may be run directly in the assay provided the
same non‐conditioned media is used as the standard diluent

Please note that some samples may contain high levels of Cyclic
AMP and additional dilution may be required. Samples with low
levels of Cyclic AMP may be assayed in the acetylated format or
the samples may be concentrated

If acetylating standards, then samples must be acetylated in the
same format by adding 10 μL of the Acetylating Reagent for each
200 μL of the sample
Discover more at www.abcam.com
13
ASSAY PREPARATION
13. PLATE PREPARATION

The 96 well plate strips included with this kit are supplied ready to
use. It is not necessary to rinse the plate prior to adding reagents

Unused well strips should be returned to the plate packet and
stored at +4°C

For each assay performed, a minimum of 2 wells must be used as
blanks, omitting primary antibody from well additions

For statistical reasons, we recommend each sample should be
assayed with a minimum of two replicates (duplicates)

Well effects have not been observed with this assay
1 
2
3
4
A
Bs
Std 1
Std 5
Sample 4
B
Bs
Std 1
Std 5
Sample 4
C
TA
Std 2
Sample 1
etc
D
TA
Std 2
Sample 1
etc
E
NSB
Std 3
Sample 2
F
NSB
Std 3
Sample 2
G
B0
Std 4
Sample 3
H
B0
Std 4
Sample 3
Plate layout shows controls, blanks and standards required for each
assay. Use additional strips of wells to assay all your samples.
Key:
Bs = Blank; contains substrate only.
TA = Total Activity; contains conjugate (5 µL) and substrate.
NSB = Non-specific binding; contains standard diluent, assay buffer,
conjugate and substrate.
B0 = 0 pg/mL standard; contains standard diluent, conjugate, antibody
and
substrate
Discover more at www.abcam.com
14
ASSAY PROCEDURE
14. ASSAY PROCEDURE

Equilibrate all materials and prepared reagents to room
temperature prior to use

It is recommended to assay all standards, controls and
samples in duplicate

Refer to the recommended plate layout in Section 12 before
proceeding with the assay

If the acetylated format of the assay is to be run, all
standards, samples, and the diluent for the NSB and Bo wells
must be acetylated as per the instructions in the Reagent
Preparation section. Acetylated standards and samples must
be used within 30 minutes.
13.1
Add 150 µL appropriate diluent* into the NSB (non-specific
binding) wells. (*Use the same diluent used to prepare
standards in section 10, either Assay Buffer or Tissue
Culture Media).
13.2
Add 100 µL appropriate diluent (Assay Buffer or tissue
culture media) into the B0 (0 pg/mL standard) wells
13.3
Add 100 µL of prepared standards and 100 µL diluted
samples to appropriate wells.
13.4
Add 50 μL of the Cyclic AMP Alkaline Phosphatase
Conjugate (blue) into NSB, B0, standard and sample wells,
i.e. not the Total Activity (TA) and Bs wells.
13.5
Add 50 μL of the Cyclic AMP Antibody (yellow) into B0,
standard and sample wells, i.e. not Bs, TA and NSB wells
NOTE: Every well used should be green in color except
the NSB wells which should be blue. The B0 and TA wells
are empty at this point and have no color.
13.6
Incubate the plate at room temperature on a plate shaker
for 2 hours at ~500 rpm. The plate may be covered with
the plate sealer provided.
13.7
Empty the contents of the wells and wash by adding
200 µL of 1X Wash Buffer to every well. Repeat the wash
Discover more at www.abcam.com
15
ASSAY PROCEDURE
2 more times for a total of 3 washes. After the final wash,
empty or aspirate the wells, and firmly tap the plate on a
lint free paper towel to remove any remaining wash buffer.
13.8
Add 5 μL of the Cyclic AMP Alkaline Phosphatase
Conjugate to the TA wells.
13.9
Add 200 μL of the pNpp Substrate solution to every well.
Incubate at room temperature for 1 hour without shaking.
13.10
Add 50 μL Stop Solution into each well. The plate should
be read immediately.
13.11
Blank the plate reader against the blank wells, read the
O.D. absorbance at 405 nm, preferably with correction
between 570 and 590 nm. If the plate reader is not able to
be blanked against the blank wells, manually subtract the
mean optical density of the blank wells from all readings.
Discover more at www.abcam.com
16
DATA ANALYSIS
15. CALCULATIONS
14.1 Calculate the average net absorbance measurement
(Average Net OD) for each standard and sample by
subtracting the average NSB absorbance measurement from
the average absorbance measurement (Average OD) for
each standard and sample.
Average Net OD = Average Bound OD - Average NSB OD
14.2 Calculate the binding of each pair of standard wells as a
percentage of the maximum binding wells (Bo), using the
following formula
Percent Bound =
Average Net OD
x 100
Average Net B0 OD
14.3 Plot the Percent Bound (B/B0) and the net OD versus
concentration of Cyclic AMP for the standards. The
concentration of Cyclic AMP in the unknowns can be
determined by interpolation of net OD values.
A four parameter algorithm (4PL) provides the best fit, though
other equations can be examined to see which provides the most
accurate (e.g. linear, semi-log, log/log, 4 parameter logistic).
Interpolate protein concentrations for unknown samples from the
standard curve plotted.
Samples producing signals greater than that of the highest standard
should be further diluted and reanalyzed, then multiplying the
concentration found by the appropriate dilution factor.
Discover more at www.abcam.com
17
DATA ANALYSIS
16. TYPICAL DATA
TYPICAL STANDARD CURVE – Data provided for demonstration
purposes only. A new standard curve must be generated for each
assay performed.
Non-Acetylated:
Bs
Mean OD
(Bs)
(0.086)
TA
0.454
NSB
0.001
0.18
Standard 1
0.028
5.1
Standard 2
0.071
13.1
50
Standard 3
0.173
31.8
12.5
Standard 4
0.334
61.5
3.125
Standard 5
0.479
88.2
0.781
B0
0.543
100
0
Unknown 1
0.135
24.8
18.93
Unknown 2
0.357
65.8
2.57
Sample
Discover more at www.abcam.com
Percent
Bound (%)
cAMP
(pmol/mL)
200
18
DATA ANALYSIS
Acetylated:
Bs
Mean OD
(-Bs)
(0.093)
TA
0.463
NSB
-0.003
-0.87
Standard 1
0.036
8
Standard 2
0.084
18.9
5
Standard 3
0.199
44.7
1.25
Standard 4
0.323
72.5
0.3125
Standard 5
0.424
95.3
0.0781
B0
0.445
100
0
Unknown 1
0.059
13.3
9.2
Unknown 2
0.143
32
2.27
Sample
Discover more at www.abcam.com
Percent
Bound (%)
cAMP
(pmol/mL)
20
19
DATA ANALYSIS
17. TYPICAL SAMPLE VALUES
SENSITIVITY –
The sensitivity, minimum detectable dose of Cyclic AMP using this
Abcam ELISA kit was measured at 2 standard deviations from the
mean of 16 zeros along the standard curve, and was determined to be
0.30 pmol/mL in the non‐acetylated assay format and 0.039 pmol/mL
in the acetylated assay format.
SAMPLE RECOVERY –
Recovery was determined by Cyclic AMP into tissue culture media,
human saliva, and serum. Mean recoveries are as follows:
Non-Acetylated Format:
Sample Type
Average %
Recovery
Recommended
Dilution
Tissue Culture Media
Human Serum
Human Saliva
96.2
101.5
103.2
None
1:10
1:4
Sample Type
Average %
Recovery
Recommended
Dilution
Tissue Culture Media
101.2
None
Human Serum
117.8
1:64
Human Saliva
94.9
1:4
Acetylated Format:
Discover more at www.abcam.com
20
DATA ANALYSIS
LINEARITY OF DILUTION –
A buffer sample containing cAMP was serially diluted 1:2 in the kit
assay buffer and measured in the assay. The results are shown in the
table below.
Non-Acetylated:
Dilution
Expected
(pmol/mL)
Observed
(pmol/mL)
Recovery
(%)
Neat
-
49.2
-
1:2
24.6
23.1
94
1:4
12.3
13.7
112
1:8
6.15
6.9
112
1:16
3.07
3.4
111
Dilution
Expected
(pmol/mL)
Observed
pmol/mL)
Recovery
(%)
Neat
-
5.42
-
1:2
2.71
2.86
106
1:4
1.36
1.23
91
1:8
0.68
0.51
75
1:16
0.34
0.28
83
Acetylated:
Discover more at www.abcam.com
21
DATA ANALYSIS
PRECISION –
Intra‐assay precision was determined by assaying 20 replicates of
three 0.1M HCl controls containing Cyclic AMP in a single assay.
Inter‐assay precision was determined by measuring 0.1M HCl controls
of varying Cyclic AMP concentrations in multiple assays over several
days.
Non-Acetylated Format:
Intra-Assay
pmol/mL
1.18
5.96
18.6
%CV
10.5
2.5
2.9
pmol/mL
1.13
4.95
19.18
%CV
13.7
11.2
8.4
Inter-Assay
Acetylated Format:
Intra-Assay
pmol/mL
0.40
0.90
5.58
%CV
7.4
6.8
7.7
pmol/mL
0.46
0.98
4.75
%CV
11.2
11.2
7.9
Inter-Assay
Discover more at www.abcam.com
22
DATA ANALYSIS
18. ASSAY SPECIFICITY
CROSS REACTIVITY –
The cross reactivities for a number of related compounds were
determined by diluting the cross reactants in the kit assay buffer at a
concentration of ten times the high standard. These samples were then
measured in the assay:
Cyclic AMP
100 %
AMP
<0.33 %
ATP
<0.12 %
cGMP
<0.001 %
GMP
<0.001 %
GTP
<0.001 %
cUMP
<0.001 %
CTP
<0.001 %
Discover more at www.abcam.com
23
RESOURCES
19. TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem
Poor
standard
curve
Low Signal
Samples
give higher
value than
the highest
standard
Cause
Solution
Inaccurate pipetting
Check pipettes
Improper standards
dilution
Prior to opening, briefly spin the
stock standard tube and dissolve
the powder thoroughly by gentle
mixing
Incubation times too
brief
Ensure sufficient incubation times;
change to overnight
standard/sample incubation
Inadequate reagent
volumes or improper
dilution
Check pipettes and ensure correct
preparation
Starting sample
concentration is too
high.
Dilute the specimens and repeat
the assay
Plate is insufficiently
washed
Review manual for proper wash
technique. If using a plate washer,
check all ports for obstructions
Contaminated wash
buffer
Prepare fresh wash buffer
Improper storage of
the kit
Store the all components as
directed.
Large CV
Low
sensitivity
Discover more at www.abcam.com
24
RESOURCES
20. NOTES
Discover more at www.abcam.com
25
RESOURCES
Discover more at www.abcam.com
26
UK, EU and ROW
Email: technical@abcam.com | Tel: +44-(0)1223-696000
Austria
Email: wissenschaftlicherdienst@abcam.com | Tel: 019-288-259
France
Email: supportscientifique@abcam.com | Tel: 01-46-94-62-96
Germany
Email: wissenschaftlicherdienst@abcam.com | Tel: 030-896-779-154
Spain
Email: soportecientifico@abcam.com | Tel: 911-146-554
Switzerland
Email: technical@abcam.com
Tel (Deutsch): 0435-016-424 | Tel (Français): 0615-000-530
US and Latin America
Email: us.technical@abcam.com | Tel: 888-77-ABCAM (22226)
Canada
Email: ca.technical@abcam.com | Tel: 877-749-8807
China and Asia Pacific
Email: hk.technical@abcam.com | Tel: 108008523689 (中國聯通)
Japan
Email: technical@abcam.co.jp | Tel: +81-(0)3-6231-0940
www.abcam.com | www.abcam.cn | www.abcam.co.jp
Copyright © 2014 Abcam, All Rights Reserved. The Abcam logo is a registered trademark.
All information / detail is correct at time of going to print.
RESOURCES
27