vii Tables 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 E.1 Dollar and Percentage Distribution of Funding for Public Schools (1997 dollars) ............................................................................................... 8 Households Contributing to Education and Other Charitable Organizations and Their Average Donation, 1995 .............................. 11 Elementary and Secondary School Children Whose Parents Are Involved in School Activities .................................................................. 12 Organizations Channeling Private Resources in California .............. 14 Comparison of Selected School Districts Relative to Los Angeles County as a Whole (Mean Characteristics) .......................................... 27 Quartile Ranking of Selected Districts for Key Characteristics ......... 28 Sample Schools Description .................................................................... 30 Matrix of Private Giving to Public Schools .......................................... 36 Private Givers in School and District Sample ...................................... 37 School-Based and District-Based Entities Channeling Private Resources to Schools and Districts ........................................................ 39 Mechanisms to Attract Private Resources in School and District Sample ........................................................................................................ 42 Types of In-Kind Private Giving in School and District Sample: Volunteer Time ......................................................................................... 45 Types of In-Kind Private Giving in School and District Sample: Material Donations................................................................................... 45 Types of Monetary Private Giving in School and District Sample ........................................................................................................ 45 Use of Private Monetary Giving in School and District Sample ....... 49 Patterns of Private Support in Schools According to Socioeconomic Status............................................................................... 52 Patterns of Private Support in Districts According to Socioeconomic Status............................................................................... 60 Source Citations for Private-Giving Matrix .......................................... 94