Project 29065
HANDTOMOUTH
Hand to Mouth: a framework for
understanding the archaeological and
fossil records of human cognitive evolution
SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME PRIORITY 8
NEST-2004-PATH-HUMAN
SPECIFIC TARGETED RESEARCH PROJECT
Publishable final activity report
01 October 2006 to 31 December 2009
Date of preparation: 25th March 2010
Start date of project: 01 October 2006
Project coordinator: Dr James Steele
Project coordinator organisation: University College London
Page 1 of 14
Duration: 39 months
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Final publishable executive summary ................................................. 3
Summary description of project objectives ................................................................ 3
Contractors involved .................................................................................................... 3
Co-ordinator contact details ........................................................................................ 3
Work carried out ........................................................................................................... 3
Results achieved........................................................................................................... 4
Intentions for use and impact ...................................................................................... 8
Final Plan for Using and Disseminating the Knowledge .................... 9
Exploitable knowledge and its use .............................................................................. 9
Dissemination of knowledge........................................................................................ 9
Publishable results ....................................................................................................... 9
Overview table............................................................................................................. 10
Details of indiviual deliverables ................................................................................. 12
Page 2 of 14
HANDTOMOUTH public website:
http://www.handtomouth.ucl.ac.uk
1
Final publishable executive summary
1.1
Summary description of project objectives
The HANDTOMOUTH project systematically explored the motor organization of speech and tool use, and
the associated neural circuitry. From a motor point of view, human speech, gestures and goal-related actions
share a similar organization in which simple acts are fluently coordinated to each other in a temporal order
aimed to reach a specific goal. Our overall objective was to understand the evolution of the human capacity
for such sequences, and to define markers which can be used to diagnose this capacity in fossil and
archaeological material. We developed scientific methodology to track the emergence of this capacity in a
rigorous empirical manner. Ultimately we sought to establish whether the extensive archaeological evidence
for the early evolution of human tool use is in any way indicative of capacities in other, less visible
behavioural systems. Can the evidence for gestural control and goal organization in tool use tell us whether
hominins were also capable of constructing and uttering complex spoken utterances?
1.2
Contractors involved
Participant name (institution)
University College London
University of Southampton
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Universita degli Studi di Parma
1.3
Lead investigator
Dr James Steele
Dr Anna Barney
Dr Blandine Bril
Dr Agnes Roby-Brami
Prof Leonardo Fogassi
Country
UK
UK
France
France
Italy
Co-ordinator contact details
Dr James Steele, Director, AHRC Centre of the Evolution of Cultural Diversity, Institute of Archaeology,
University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK, Tel: +44 (0)20 7679 4773, Fax:
+44 (0)20 7383 2572, Email: j.steele@ucl.ac.uk
1.4
Work carried out
Overall project co-ordination was achieved through a series of six-monthly scientific and business meetings,
alternately by physical meeting and by videoconferencing.
We performed primary research work in the following areas:
Work designed to increase understanding of the cognitive neuroscience of action recognition and action
understanding in the tool use domain, and its relationship with language circuitry:
We investigated experimentally the extent to which monkeys are able to learn and execute complex
action sequences such as those required in tool-use
We investigated the degree of control which monkeys have for vocal and brachiomanual communicative
gestures, and the extent to which they are able to learn and execute complex action sequences such as
those required in tool-use
We investigated the evolutionary anatomy of primate brain systems involved in complex motor sequence
learning
We investigated the basis of human expertise in stone tool use by developing and implementing a
factorial fMRI research protocol to map the brain basis of human action comprehension and
observational learning of such skills
Page 3 of 14
We investigated experimentally which features of movement are used by humans for the discrimination
of actions, by compiling a database of recorded movements and presenting it to different subject
populations
Work designed to specify diagnostic fossil and archaeological markers of the evolution of speech and of
relevant parameters of tool use:
We investigated experimentally the elementary gestures involved in stone tool production and use, by
characterizing expertise in terms of adaptive capacity in different task conditions using kinematic
approaches
We developed and applied an operational and cognitive analysis of skill development and conceptual
understanding in Lower Paleolithic toolmaking
We investigated fossil and archaeological evidence of complex motor sequencing in pre-human
hominins in the domains of speech adaptation and of handedness in tool use
We predicted hominin vocal tract shapes using hard tissue markers, by first defining laryngeal
measurements and side-branch characteristics in humans and chimpanzees, and then defining and
testing hard tissue markers of such dimensions and characteristics, and we have investigated the
reconstructed tracts’ acoustic characteristics
We investigated the speech capacity of predicted Neanderthal vocal tracts by studying the effects of
larynx position and size and of side-branch characteristics on the tract’s acoustic excitation and by
defining muscle-related articulatory constraints
We investigated the relationship between speech and non-speech orofacial movements and determined
the relationship between human tongue movement characteristics in speech and in feeding
1.5
Results achieved
On the efficacy of a class of “tool responding mirror neurons” in monkeys: The hypothesis that mirror
neurons can represent a neuronal substrate subserving action recognition and action understanding is
strongly supported by prior experimental data. An identified class of “tool responding mirror neurons” could
be part of a system allowing the observer to extend its action understanding capacity to motor acts not
belonging to its motor repertoire. Our results indicate that monkeys do not seem to be able to learn to use
tools by themselves, but can do it if trained with a shaping procedure. Once individual learning of tool use
has occurred, this learning is not immediately transferred to another context, even though the tool is the
same. A certain degree of generalization of what is learned to tools with similar properties is present, but it
does not seem that the monkey understood the real function of the tool. Even demonstration does not seem
to elicit an imitative response in the observer. However some facilitation is probably occurring, given the
increase of interaction with the tool.
On learning vocalization and gestures in macaques: Our experimental study indicated that monkey voluntary
control of arm and hand movement does not interfere with the acquisition of the capacity of voluntarily
controlled vocalization. The training procedure could have produced only minor changes in brain circuits
controlling these goal-related movements. Moreover, the different functions that the two actions have (selfgrooming and communication) might have caused a re-organization of hand/arm cortical motor
representation, but not to an extent that could differentially affect the acquisition of the capacity to control
vocalization.
On the evolution of brain structures involved in action and language: We obtained new data on volumes of
the four major subdivisions of the cerebellum, drew on recently obtained data on frontal versus non-frontal
neocortical lobe volumes, and built on existing models of integrated brain circuits to investigate the evolution
of the four major cerebellar and two major neocortical subdivisions in relation to these circuits. As predicted,
two main patterns of size correlations are revealed representing the cortico-basal ganglia and the corticopontine neural circuits. Our results indicate that these cortico-cerebellar circuits have been important foci of
selection in the mosaic evolution of the brains of anthropoid primates. For complex motor skills, these
connectivity patterns suggest that the neocerebellum plays a crucial role in intermediating what is learned
(cortico-basal ganglia circuit) with retaining and adjusting what has already been learned (cortico-pontine
circuit).
On action recognition in humans: Experimental datasets of movements were recorded for a variety of goaloriented tasks: reaching, grasping and lifting heavy and light objects in block and random trials. We found
that humans are able to recognize actions even with a minimal display. The kinematic parameters that are
relevant for action observation do not entirely match the ones that are relevant for action execution.
Observers relied mainly on the acceleration or velocity of the movement; the other dimensions (size, posture
Page 4 of 14
and smoothness) intervening much less. A schematic stick diagram display does not improve performance in
movement recognition. We also prepared a dataset of pathological movements, recorded in brain-injured
patients in an independent psychophysical experiment, to enable differentiation of movements performed by
healthy and pathological participants and to scale the level of disability.
On kinematic analysis of skill in stone tool production (Figures 1-3): Tool-use actions exemplified by stone
knapping were investigated. The task consisted in detaching stone flakes from a flint core through a
conchoidal fracture. For successful flake detachment the actor had to control various functional parameters
simultaneously. Our results suggest that expertise depends on the identification of the interactions between
functional parameters. We have identified two important differences between novices and experts: novices
consistently used greater kinetic energy but were unable to control the shape of the flake produced; and only
experts have an acute perception of functional and geometric properties of the hammerstone and the raw
material. A corollary of this result is that expert knappers are demonstrably more effective and ergonomic in
their flake production in relation to energy expenditure.
On gesture coding in stone tool making (Figures 1-2): A coding scheme was developed for analyzing stone
knapping tasks, that integrates observations of grips, gestures, tools and technical objectives for both hands.
Coding includes instantaneous “events” and ongoing “states”. We found that the movements of the two
hands of knappers were controlled, reflecting the functional requirements of the task and the roles assumed
by each hand. Furthermore, we found that only the dynamics of bimanual coordination of expert knappers
differentiated the functional requirements of different sub-goals. These results suggest that what is acquired
in skilled bimanual action is flexible nesting of differentiated functions, in which movements of the two hands
are modulated in such a way to meet the various functional demands of the situation. We found that the
structural diversity and complexity of non-dominant-hand grips used during Oldowan and Acheulean
toolmaking are indistinguishable. We also found that stone knapping does not demand large degrees of joint
mobility (particularly, wrist extension).
On fMRI imaging of stone tool-using actions (Figures 1-2,4): To identify brain systems involved in the
observation of Paleolithic toolmaking, we examined contrasts of Oldowan and of Acheulean toolmaking with
a control condition. Results indicated that neural systems involved in the observational understanding of
toolmaking actions are very similar to those involved in execution. Contrasts with control show that increased
technological complexity produces an anterior extension of inferior frontal activation from PMv (Oldowan and
Acheulean) to inferior prefrontal gyrus (Acheulean only). This matches results from earlier studies of action
execution and is consistent with an evolutionary scenario in which manual and perceptual-motor adaptations
were critical to the earliest stages of human technological evolution but later developments were more
dependent on enhanced cognitive control. The steady increase of activation in aIPL from control to Oldowan
to Acheulean observation suggests that this phylogenetically derived region may have played a key role in
human technological evolution 2.6-0.5 million years ago. Finally, results presented here add to a large body
of evidence for anatomical overlap between action representation and language processing in the left inferior
frontal cortex.
Figure 1 (left): Still image from Mode 2 toolmaking video. Figure 2 (right): An expert knapper producing flakes
while connected to a motion capture device, in an experimental analysis of the movement parameters
involved in skilled actions.
Page 5 of 14
10
Kinetic energy (J)
15
expert
intermediate
novice
0
5
10
0
5
Kinetic energy (J)
15
20
Small flake
20
Large flake
heavy
light
Hammer weight
heavy
light
Hammer weight
Figure 3 (left): effects of expertise on energy used in stone flaking. Figure 4 (right): brain activation effects of
greater task complexity in stone tool making.
On geometric definition and acoustic analysis of the chimpanzee vocal tract: We used CT scanning and 3D
vocal tract reconstruction to study variation in vocal tract output across chimpanzee postnatal development.
Results show that the chimpanzee vocal tract has acoustically relevant segments (resonance chambers) and
there is indication that these chambers can be adjusted to cause changes in formant frequencies. In addition,
our chimpanzee vocal tract model was used to investigate the acoustic effect of side-branches, which
encompasses both branches with open ends (e.g. the nares) and with closed terminations (e.g. air sacs,
piriform sinuses). We confirm that acoustically the effect of a side branch is to shift the formant values of the
vocal tract and to introduce poles and zeros at frequencies related to the side branch geometry. The
resonance frequencies depend on the precise geometry of the branching point and in particular the area of
the plane of the side branch opening relative to the area of the vocal tract at the plane of branching.
Characterization of speech and non-speech orofacial movements in humans (Figure 5): We found that the
anterior, middle and posterior parts of the tongue can be controlled somewhat independently during feeding.
Our results suggest that the speech degrees of freedom can be considered to a large extent as a subset of
the feeding degrees of freedom which seems in general to support the hypothesis that the speech
movements could have evolved from feeding movements. It seems possible to articulate the point vowels /a/,
/i/ and /u/ using feeding movements.
Figure 5: The region of the vocal tract covered by the articulations of 3 points on the tongue and one point on
the jaw for feeding (blue) and speech (orange), showing that the region covered by speech is are largely a
subset of the region covered by feeding. (a) Speech domain over feeding domain; (b) Feeding domain over
speech domain
On vocal tract shape characterisation and reconstruction in fossil hominins (Figures 6-8): We examined the
comparative and fossil anatomy of the hyoid bone, specifically in relation to the derived human condition of
loss of laryngeal air sacs. The inflated body shape characteristic of the African ape and australopithecine
hyoid is interpreted as reflecting the presence of a laryngeal air sac extending into the dorsal hyoid body. Its
Page 6 of 14
absence in human and Neanderthal hyoids implicates the loss of the laryngeal air sacs as a derived
Neanderthal and modern human trait which evolved some time between A. afarensis, and the Homo
sapiens/Neanderthal last common ancestor. The main vocal tract shape differences separating the great
apes from humans reflect a clear difference in prognathism (stronger in great apes), differences in the shape
of the mandible (e.g. greater corpus height in great apes), and differences in the position of the hyoid and
vocal folds in relation to the lower angle of the posterior jaw (closer to the height of, and slightly posterior to,
that jaw landmark in great apes). We found that human reference models applied to Neanderthals result in
human-like hyoid positions and similar vocal tract proportions. Chimpanzee models on the other hand, do not
result in functionally-viable Neanderthal vocal tract reconstructions. We designed and built a modelling tool,
Simus_Neandertals, to make predictions regarding the potential for speech of plausible Neanderthal vocal
tract geometries. Results using a human reference model suggest that although the vowels /i/ and /u/ with
F1-F2 values in the modern human range can be produced after physiologically plausible deformation, the
vowel /a/ is not achievable merely by increased jaw opening or by moving the hyoid bone location. In general
attempts to model /a/ have F1 values that are significantly too high compared to modern human
expectations.
Figure 6 (left): CT scan of chimpanzee showing vocal tract structures, including surface reconstruction of air
sac system (green) and iso-surface reconstruction the following hard tissues: hyoid (purple), skull, mandible,
vertebral column, clavicle and thorax elements (sternum, ribs). Soft tissue reconstructions: esophagus (blue),
trachea (red). Figure 7 (right): lateral view of chimpanzee vocal tract model.
Figure 8: Three views of the mesh used to reconstruct the Neanderthal vocal tract, based on the fossil skull
from La Ferrassie
Page 7 of 14
1.6
Intentions for use and impact
The project’s results will be made available primarily in the form of scientific publications. The public website
will provide a publishable summary of all relevant results which the project has generated, once the primary
scientific publication of each such result has been achieved (defined as where the paper is accepted for
publication and is in press).
Page 8 of 14
2 Final Plan for Using and Disseminating the Knowledge
1
2.1 Exploitable knowledge and its use
The HANDTOMOUTH contract provides for the generation of ‘pure science’ research outcomes, and does
not make provision for the generation of exploitable results (defined as knowledge having a potential for
industrial or commercial application in research activities or for developing, creating or marketing a product
or process or for creating or providing a service).
2.2 Dissemination of knowledge
Please see Tables on following pages.
2.3 Publishable results
The project’s results are being made available in the form of scientific publications. IPR will be satisfactorily
protected by the act of scientific publication.
1
Knowledge: means the results, including information, whether or not they can be protected, arising from
the project governed by this contract, as well as copyrights or rights pertaining to such results following
applications for, or the issue of patents, designs, plant varieties, supplementary protection certificates or
similar forms of protection (Article II.1.14 of the contract)
Page 9 of 14
2.4
Overview table
Delivery date*
Deliverable No.
31/12/2011
31/12/2009
30/09/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/03/2008
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/03/2008
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
30/09/2007
31/12/2009
31/09/2008
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
30/12/2009
30/09/2008
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/03/2008
D01
D02
D03
D03a
D03b
D03c
D03d
D04
D05
D05a
D06
D07
D08
D08a
D08b
D09
D10
D11
D12
D13a
D13b
D13c
D14
D14a
D15
D15a
D15b
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20a
D20b
D21
Type
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Report
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Report
Report
Publication
Report
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Database
Publication
Publication
Publication
Type of audience
Countries addressed
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
Page 10 of 14
Size of audience
Consortium only
Consortium only
Consortium only
Consortium only
Partner responsible
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
SOTON
SOTON
SOTON
SOTON
SOTON
SOTON
SOTON
EHESS
EHESS
EHESS
EHESS
EHESS
EHESS
EHESS
SOTON
CNRS
CNRS
CNRS
CNRS
Delivery date*
Deliverable No.
31/03/2008
30/09/2008
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/03/2008
31/03/2008
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/12/2009
31/03/2008
31/06/2009
31/12/2009
D22
D23
D24
D25
D26
D27
D28
D28a
D29
A1
A2
A3
Type
Report
Report
Publication
Publication
Report
Publication
Publication
Publication
Publication
Website
Conference
School
Materials
Type of audience
Countries addressed
Size of audience
Partner responsible
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
General public, Higher education, Research
Higher education, Research
Compulsory education
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
International
UK
Consortium only
Consortium only
UNIPR
UNIPR
UNIPR
UNIPR
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UCL
UNIPR
UCL
Consortium only
50
>10,000 (expected)
* Delivery date in format and at stage of development described in this Table. Scientific publications will continue to be progressed as quickly as possible towards
final publication.
Page 11 of 14
2.5 Details of individual deliverables
Del.
No.
Deliverable Reference and Final Details
WP
No.
Delivery date*
Lead
contractor
D01
WP1: Edited volume of selected conference proceedings
L. Fogassi, J. Steele, P.-F. Ferrari and D. Stout (eds) (publication due: 2011) Connecting tool use with gestures and language. A comparative
perspective on primate brain organization and evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B (Biological Sciences), special issue
1
31/12/2011
UCL
D02
WP1: Journal article on hyoid bone morphology in humans and great apes, and the paleontological implications
J. Steele, M. Clegg and S. Martelli (submitted). Comparative morphology of the hominin and African ape hyoid bone.
1
31/12/2009
UCL
D03
WP1: Journal article on Neanderthal handedness as inferred from artefact indicators
J. Steele and N. Uomini (2009) Can the archaeology of manual specialization tell us anything about language evolution? A survey of the state of
play. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19(1):97-110.
1
30/09/2009
UCL
D03a
WP1: Journal article on Neanderthal handedness as inferred from artefact indicators
D. Nettle, B. Stuart and J. Steele (in prep.) Evolution of right-handedness in modern humans: is handedness related to foetal growth rate?
1
31/12/2009
UCL
D03b
WP1: Journal article on Neanderthal handedness as inferred from artefact indicators
C. Duke and J. Steele (2010). Geology and lithic procurement in Upper Palaeolithic Europe: a weights-of-evidence based GIS model of lithic
resource potential. Journal of Archaeological Science, doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2009.11.011
1
31/12/2009
UCL
D03c
WP1: Journal article on Neanderthal handedness as inferred from artefact indicators
J. Steele, D. Giuducci and A. Burke. (in prep.) Finding our way in the world with the help of language: the effect of landscape structure on terrain
navigability.
1
31/12/2009
UCL
D03d
WP1: Journal article on Neanderthal handedness as inferred from artefact indicators
1
R. Storm, C. Knusel and J. Steele (in prep.) Clavicular asymmetry: integrated metrical and CT analysis of a modern human sample,with implications
for fossil hominins.
31/12/2009
UCL
D04
WP2: Journal article on the scaling of primate cranial nerves from their emissary foramina.
F. Coward, C. Phillips and J. Steele (in prep.) Scaling of the emissary foramina of speech-related cranial nerves in primates.
2
31/12/2009
UCL
D05
WP2: Journal article on scaling relationships and the evolution of the human brain (from an action/language perspective)
J.B. Smaers, J. Steele and K. Zilles (submitted) Mosaic evolution of two distinct cortico-cerebellar circuits in anthropoid primates.
2
31/12/2009
UCL
D05a
WP2: Journal article on scaling relationships and the evolution of the human brain (from an action/language perspective)
A. de Sousa, M. Sereno and J. Steele (internal report) Report on the neural correlates of hand-to-mouth movement and language
2
31/12/2009
UCL
D06
WP3: Initial predictions of fossil hominin vocal tracts (report)
S. Martelli and J. Steele (internal report) Vocal tract reconstruction: introduction and pilot study results.
3
31/03/2008
UCL
D07
WP3: Journal article on defining hard tissue markers of vocal tract dimensions in Homo and Pan
S. Martelli, A. Serrurier, A. Barney and J. Steele (submitted) Postnatal development of the chimpanzee vocal tract: anatomical and acoustic analysis.
3
31/12/2009
UCL
D08
WP3: Journal article on predicting hominin vocal tract dimensions
S. Martelli, F. Richard, F. Tilotta and J. Steele (submitted) The reconstruction of Neanderthal hyoid positions – a new approach in 3D.
3
31/12/2009
UCL
D08a
WP3: Journal article on predicting hominin vocal tract dimensions
3
M. Clegg, R. Webster, C. Smith, S. Martelli and J. Steele (in prep.) Paying the price for speech: how serious are the choking risks associated with the
human descended larynx?
31/12/2009
UCL
D08b
WP3: Journal article on predicting hominin vocal tract dimensions
A. Kandler and S. Martelli (in prep.) Estimation of the Neanderthal vocabulary
3
31/12/2009
UCL
D09
WP4: Report on lab visits (report)
A. Barney (internal report) Building a peer network.
4
31/03/2008
SOTON
Page 12 of 14
Del.
No.
Deliverable Reference and Final Details
WP
No.
Delivery date*
Lead
contractor
D10
WP4: Review article on current work in this field
A. Serrurier and A. Barney (internal report) Neanderthal vocal tract and speech ability: a critical literature review.
4
31/12/2009
SOTON
D11
WP4: Journal article on the production of isolated sounds
A. Serrurier, P. Badin, A. Barney, L.-J. Boë and C. Savariaux (submitted) The tongue in speech and feeding: comparative articulatory modelling.
4
31/12/2009
SOTON
D12
WP4: Software articulatory model of Neanderthal vocal tract
A. Serrurier and A. Barney (internal report) Simus_Neanderthals: a software model for evaluating the vowel space in a Neanderthal vocal tract.
4
31/12/2009
SOTON
D13a
WP4: Journal article on how articulatory constraints relate to ranges of movement in ingestive feeding behaviours.
A. Serrurier, A. Barney, P. Badin, L.-J. Boë and C. Savariaux (2008) Comparative articulatory modelling of the tongue in speech and feeding. In
Proceedings of the 8th International Seminar on Speech Production, Strasbourg, France, December 2008, 325-328.
4
31/12/2009
SOTON
D13b
WP4: Journal article on how articulatory constraints relate to ranges of movement in ingestive feeding behaviours.
A. Serrurier and A. Barney (2009) Articulatory modelling of the vocal tract in feeding from x-ray images, Proc MAVEBA 2009, Firenze, Italy, 133-136.
4
31/12/2009
SOTON
D13c
WP4: Journal article on how articulatory constraints relate to ranges of movement in ingestive feeding behaviours.
A. Serrurier and A. Barney (2010) Production of the vowels /a, i, u/ based on an articulatory model of feeding. Proc. Evolang8.
4
31/12/2009
SOTON
D14
WP5: Journal article on knapping gestures at Cambay
5
E. Biryukova and B. Bril (2008) Organization of goal directed action at a high-level of motor skill: the case of stone knapping in India. Motor Control,
12, 181-209
30/09/2007
EHESS
D14a
WP5: Journal article on knapping gestures at Cambay
T. Nonaka and B. Bril (submitted) Nesting of asymmetric functions in human skilled bimanual action: dynamics of hammering behaviour of
professional stone bead craftsmen in India.
5
31/12/2009
EHESS
D15
WP5: Journal article on replication of Oldowan knapping gestures and fossil hominin limb kinetics
5
B. Bril, R. Rein, T. Nonaka, F. Wenban-Smith and G. Dietrich (2010) The role of expertise in tool use: skill differences in functional action adaptations
to task constraints. Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
31/09/2008
EHESS
D15a
WP5: Journal article on replication of Oldowan knapping gestures and fossil hominin limb kinetics
T. Nonaka, R. Reinand B. Bril (in press) Affordances in stone knapping: only experts utilize the principles of fracture mechanics to predict and
control the outcome of flaking. Journal of Human Evolution.
5
31/12/2009
EHESS
D15b
WP5: Journal article on replication of Oldowan knapping gestures and fossil hominin limb kinetics
R. Rein, T. Nonakaand B. Bril (submitted) Increased wrist joint mobility during hominin evolution was not necessary for stone knapping
5
31/12/2009
EHESS
D16
WP5: Journal article on recovery of kinematic and kinetic energy parameters from archaeological stone flakes
F. Wenban-Smith, B. Bril, G. Dietrich, R. Rein, . Nonaka, R. Devaney and J. Steele (in prep.) Knapping skill, percussion dynamics and flake
characteristics: recognition of expertise in simple flake-core technologies.
5
31/12/2009
EHESS
D17
WP5: Journal article on limb kinematics
A. Roby-Brami, V. Forma, T. Nonaka, T. Hoellinger and S. Hanneton. (in prep.) Kinematic cues for the categorization of the level of expertise of
knapping gestures.
5
31/12/2009
CNRS
D18
WP5: Journal article on adaptation to tool properties based on a comparison between the three experiments
B. Bril, J. Steele, R. Rein, T. Nonaka, G. Dietrich, E. Biryukova, J. Smaers and V. Roux (in prep.) The origin of “percussive technology”: what can a
comparative analysis of nut cracking and stone knapping skills tell us about early hominin cognitive capacity?
5
30/12/2009
EHESS
D19
WP6: Database of several sets of movements presented according to different displays
A. Roby-Brami et al. (2008) Neuromov Movement Database: http://neurophys.biomedicale.univ-paris5.fr/neuromouv/db/
6
30/09/2008
CNRS
D20a
WP6: Journal article(s) on the mechanisms of action recognition in healthy subjects
M. Auvray, T. Hoellinger and S. Hanneton (submitted) Perceptual weight judgments when viewing own and other’s movements under minimalist
conditions of visual presentation
6
31/12/2009
CNRS
D20b
WP6: Journal article(s) on the mechanisms of action recognition in healthy subjects
6
A. Roby-Brami, L. Borjas, J. Robertson, T. Hoellinger and S. Hanneton (in prep.) Kinematic cues for the categorization of pointing movements made by
hemiparetic stroke patients.
31/12/2009
CNRS
Page 13 of 14
Del.
No.
Deliverable Reference and Final Details
WP
No.
Delivery date*
Lead
contractor
D21
WP6: Review article on action and action recognition in apraxic patients
S. Jacobs and A. Roby-Brami. (in prep.) Apraxia : approaches and concepts from neuropsychologia to neurophysiology of action.
6
31/03/2008
CNRS
D22
WP7: Report on learning tool use by individual and observational learning.
L. Fogassi, S. Rozzi, P.-F. Ferrari (internal report) Report on learning tool use by individual and observational learning.
7
31/03/2008
UNIPR
D23
WP7: Report on learning vocalization and forelimb gestures
L. Fogassi, P.-F. Ferrari, S. Rozzi, (internal report) Report on learning vocalization and forelimb gestures
7
30/09/2008
UNIPR
D24
WP7: Publication of behavioral data on tool use learning
L. Fogassi, S. Rozzi, P.-F. Ferrari (in prep.) Macaque tool use learning.
7
31/12/2009
UNIPR
D25
WP7: Publication of behavioral data on learning vocalization and forelimb gestures
L. Fogassi, P.-F. Ferrari, S. Rozzi, (in prep.) Learned vocalization and forelimb gestures in macaques.
7
31/12/2009
UNIPR
D26
WP8: Coding scheme for action grammar (report)
D. Stout and J. Apel (internal report) Coding scheme for action grammar.
8
31/03/2008
UCL
D27
WP8: Journal article on action organization in experimental stone knapping
D. Stout and T. Chaminade (2009) Making tools and making sense: complex, intentional behaviour in human evolution. Cambridge Archaeological
Journal, 19 (1): 85-96.
8
31/03/2008
UCL
D28
WP8: Publication on an fMRI study of Early Stone Age toolmaking
D. Stout, R. Passingham, C. Frith, J. Apel and T. Chaminade (in prep.) Technology, expertise, and social cognition in human evolution
8
31/12/2009
UCL
D28a
WP8: Publication on the manipulative complexity of Lower Paleolithic stone toolmaking
A. Faisal, D. Stout and J. Apel (submitted) The manipulative complexity of Lower Paleolithic stone toolmaking
8
31/12/2009
UCL
D29
WP8: Publication on skill and cognition in stone tool production at Boxgrove, West Sussex, England
D. Stout, J. Apel and M. Roberts (submitted) Late Acheulean technology and cognition at Boxgrove, UK
8
31/12/2009
UCL
A1
9
31/03/2008
UCL
A2
The HANDTOMOUTH project web-site (http://www.handtomouth.ucl.ac.uk) presents the goals of the HANDTOMOUTH project to a wide audience. The website
conforms to W3C XHTML 1.0, W3C CSS.
Scientific Conference on the HandToMouth Project, University of Parma.
9
31/06/2009
UCL
A3
The ‘Voice Box’: Materials for Schools. UCL is collaborating with the Institute of Physics to produce materials for use in UK schools, focused on the
properties of speech as sounds and waves. These will be available to UK school teachers teaching the compulsory science curriculum (ages 11-14).
9
31/12/2009
UCL
* Delivery date in format and at stage of development described in this Table. Copies submitted as Annexes to First and Second Periodic Reports. Scientific
publications will continue to be progressed as quickly as possible towards final publication.
Page 14 of 14