Research, Development and Technology
Licensing Opportunities
2016
Michigan Technological University
Office of Innovation and Industry Engagement
www.iie.mtu.edu
Introduction
Michigan Tech has a long history of working closely with industry in advancing
technology and is a leader among its peers consistently in the proportion of
research funding from industrial sources. This longstanding and close
relationship with industry has produced a results oriented culture where
commercial application is a very important component of the continuing
pursuit of knowledge and the advancement of technology.
From a contracting standpoint, this close relationship with industry results in
a high level of flexibility and an appreciation for private sector constraints.
From basic contracts for testing or characterization of a single material to
umbrella agreements for collaborative research and development, Michigan
Tech has experience structuring arrangements that are designed to best meet
the needs of all of the involved parties and assure mutually beneficial results.
From technology licensing to facilitating interdisciplinary research and
development, staff members within Michigan Tech’s Office of Innovation and
Industry Engagement can act as a single point of entry for the entire school.
They can identify technologies that will address your business and
technological needs or locate the individuals and research groups with the
expertise that you desire. When a match is realized between your goals and
the capabilities, our staff can work with you to craft a relationship that will
allow you to maximize the greatest value for your research and technology
development investment.
Visit our website to search for technologies by using our web based
TechFinder system found at http://techfinder.mtu.edu .
Office of Innovation and Industry Engagement
1402 Sharon Ave., Houghton MI – 906.487.2228
Table of Contents
ELECTRONICS / SOFTWARE
Electronic Urban Building Security ......................................................................................... 1
Increased Microprocessor Speeds: Future Values .................................................................... 2
PCAP: A Whole-Genome Assembly Program............................................................................ 3
Synthetic-Aperture Communications Receivers ....................................................................... 4
Wireless Positioning System ................................................................................................. 5
Method for Sensing Chemical and Biological Agents ................................................................. 6
ENERGY
Controlling Mercury Emissions .............................................................................................. 7
Improved Fuel Cell Function ................................................................................................. 8
Room Temperature Quantum Devices Based on Quantum-Dot Functionalized Nanotubes ............. 9
Synthesis of Carbon Nitrides and Lithium Cyanamide from Carbon Dioxide ................................ 10
Two-Stage Torrefaction-Pyrolysis for the Production of High Grade Bio-Oil ................................ 11
LIFE SCIENCES / HEALTHCARE
Analysis of Respiratory Cycle-Related EEG Changes (RCREC) in Sleep-Disordered Breathing........ 12
Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Surface Hydrophobicity of Proteins......................................... 13
Mechanically Stimulating Tissue Engineering Bioreactor .......................................................... 14
Large-Scale Purification of Synthetic Oligonucleotides ............................................................. 15
Modified Luciferase for Chemical Testing ............................................................................... 16
Nanostructured Titanium Implants with Anti-Bacterial and Extended Shelf Life Surfaces.............. 17
Peptide Purification by Polymerization of Full-length or Failure Sequences ................................ 18
MANUFACTURING
A Model-Based Estimation and Control System for NOx reduction in Urea-SCR After-Treatment
Systems......................................................................................................................... 19
Accurate Detection of Engine Knock...................................................................................... 20
Direct-Writing of Materials by Laser Guidance ....................................................................... 21
Inductive and Magnetic Annealing of Thin Films ............................................................... 22-23
Low Cost, Wireless, Embedded Inductive - Capacitive Sensor ................................................. 24
Micro Tube Hydroforming Processes ..................................................................................... 25
Particulate Filter Modeling ................................................................................................... 26
Wet Oxidation of Lactose .................................................................................................... 27
MATERIALS
Microwave Furnace System for Vermiculite Exfoliation ............................................................ 28
Mineral Occurrence Revenue Estimation and Visualization Tool ........................................... 29-30
Phosphorous-Doped Titanium Material for Dimensionally-Stable Anodes............................... 31-32
Ruthenium Nanoframes as Enhanced Catalyst........................................................................ 33
Self-Regenerating Nanotips for Indestructible Low-Power Electric Propulsion Cathodes ............... 34
PLANT BIOTECH / FORESTRY
Copper Resistant Microorganisms Used in Bioremediation........................................................ 35
Fast-Growing Plants with Increased Cellulose ........................................................................ 36
Genetic Engineering of Syringyl-Enriched Lignin in Plants ........................................................ 37
Increasing Plant Leaf Size and Surface .................................................................................. 38
ID# 0543.00
Electronic Urban Building Security
Background
In urban battlefields, maintaining the security of recently taken buildings is a vital issue. Buildings in an urban
warfare zone provide many ways for enemy combatants to cause heavy casualties behind the front lines
because they are easy to infiltrate, particularly when enemy troops are more familiar with the surroundings
and have had time to prepare defenses and dig tunnels. Because of these threats, troops on the offensive
must leave many troops behind for security and alter logistics, ultimately sapping armies and hampering their
efforts to press on.
Invention
The solution is to use a building’s existing electronic and actual construction infrastructure to prepare an
electronic means of sensing intrusions. These monitoring systems would free up needed personnel and offer
a system capable of monitoring an entire extended region such as a neighborhood.
Advantages
 Requires fewer personnel for security
 Easier to implement
 Centralized monitoring of expanded regions
Applications
Technology Status
ions

Military security
 Building security, intrusion detection
 Electrical power research applications
Technology Status
Proof of concept
US Patent # 7,619,518
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
1
ID# 0454.00
Increased Microprocessor Speeds: Future Values
Background
Although current processors have become significantly faster, the way applications are programmed has not
changed. The applications use branching instructions that must be followed sequentially, a process that does
not take full advantage of the increased speeds of processors. More than half of the performance of a
processor is lost to inefficient instruction fetching. Today the fetch bottleneck remains to be one of the most
important obstacles in front of achieving higher degrees of instruction level parallelism.
Invention
One solution to the problem is an invention that allows changing the instruction order in a program even when
the result of one instruction is used by the following instructions (data dependent). This is a superior method
that will provide the ability to eliminate branch instructions and change the order of instructions for various
computer optimizations. This is achieved by marking the instruction operands as "future", hence the term
future values. By exploiting control independence the future values concept has the ability to 1. Execute
instructions that are independent of a branch instruction 2. Change the order of instructions for various
compiler optimizations and 3. Eliminate any type of branch instruction from the instruction stream allowing
for processors to process instructions uninterrupted with branches. This invention has the potential to double
current microprocessor speeds by changing process instruction dependencies.
Advantages
 Greatly increases processor speeds
 Increased efficiency in applications
 Easy to implement
Applications
 Microchip processing
 Computer engineering
 Research applications
Technology Status
US Patent # 7,747,993
Seeking commercial partners
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
2
ID# PCAP
PCAP: A Whole-Genome Assembly Program
Technology
The PCAP whole-genome assembly program, developed at Michigan Tech, can process tens of millions of reads
into long sequences. The PCAP package is a set of programs for generating a genome assembly from a set of
reads and a set of forward-reverse read pairs. PCAP can handle a genome of 30 Mb on a computer with one
processor, a genome of 300 Mb on a shared-memory computer with 10 processors, and a genome of 3 Gb on
a distributed computer cluster of 100 processors.
The program has several features to address issues in whole-genome assembly increasing efficiency and
accuracy. Test results completed on a mouse whole-genome data set of 30 million reads, show that the
assembly computation was efficient enough to handle a whole genome data set. Accuracy tests performed on
a human chromosome 20 data set of 1.7 million reads indicated acceptable accuracy rates.
PCAP contains a few major programs for generating an assembly and a few minor programs for formatting an
assembly and collecting statistics on an assembly. In addition, PCAP contains several Perl Scripts for
automatically running the major and minor programs in the proper order. PCAP produces a contiguous
assembly with a low global misassembly rate and is efficient in computer memory. An assembly in .ace file
format produced by PCAP can be viewed and edited in Consed.
Opportunity
Copyrighted software available for non-exclusive license.
Technical Contact
Technology Manager
Dr. Xiaoqiu Huang
Michigan Technological University
xqhuang@iastate.edu
515.294.2432
Michael Morley
Innovation & Industry Engagement
Michigan Technological University
906.487.3485
mcmorley@mtu.edu
3
ID # 0331.00
Synthetic-Aperture Communications Receivers
Technology
Users of various forms of communications are constantly in need of increased channel capacity and bandwidth
so that more information can be transmitted between nodes. Maps, imagery, voice, e-mail and other types
of information need to be transmitted between vehicles, satellites, and base stations, both fixed and airborne.
At the same time, security concerns require encryption of the certain information, which exacerbates the
problem of channel capacity in communication systems.
This invention exploits the relative movement of a receiver and transmitter in a communications system by
electronically synthesizing a larger apparent antenna aperture, thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratio.
Advantages






Increases communications channel capacity
Higher SNR thru beam formed antenna gain
Lower antenna side lobes thru filled aperture
Lower required transmitter power
Longer system standoff
More users on a particular communications channel
Applications
Communications—Radar Signal Processing
The approach may be used regardless of whether the transmitter is fixed and the user or vehicle is moving,
or the user or vehicle is fixed and the transmitter is moving.
Opportunity
Seeking commercial partner for in licensing patents rights on exclusive or nonexclusive basis.
US Patent # 6,775,520
Licensing Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
4
ID# 200308
Wireless Positioning System
Background
Wireless technologies have made tremendous inroads in commercial products over the last few years,
particularly for communication applications. However, these technologies have not been fully utilized for other
purposes, especially their ability to track targets and locate objects.
Invention
The solution is locating mobiles via a mobile base. Given a base that has an omni-directional means for
transmitting a wireless signal and a means for receiving a target signal and determining the reception angle of
that target signal, mobile targets can be located. This technology can be used on a broad range of applications,
from safeguarding children and monitoring traffic signals to locating enemy targets.
Advantages
 Can discern discrete targets among multiple signals
 Highly accurate
 Efficient and highly adaptable
Applications
 Military applications
 Traffic monitoring and safety
 Locating people
Technology Status
Proof of concept
US Patent 7,489,935
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
5
ID# 0638.00
Method for Sensing Chemical and Biological Agents
Background
In a world where the possibility of biological and chemical attack is more likely due to increased terrorism,
being able to detect harmful chemical and biological agents is paramount. Today, the most common method
of detection is a fluorescence-based biosensor that relies on organic dyes to tag harmful agents. However,
the dyes are limited in their accuracy and durability because they degrade over time and have a broad
spectral width. The biosensor devices are also problematic because they are bulky, expensive, and difficult
to understand.
Invention
The solution is to use quantum dots in proximity to opto-electronic proteins that will detect the presence
of harmful agents. Quantum dots are tiny semiconductor nanostructures structures that measure about a
billionth of a meter and emit light when excited. The variability in emitted light is picked up by the protein
and can be measured by an electric signal from the protein.
In other words, a chemical binding event would occur with the introduction of the biological or chemical
agent, and that event could be immediately picked up by electrical devices integrated into such things as
vehicles, instruments, or projectiles.
Advantages
 More durable and accurate
 Portable and easy to understand
 Cheaper to use than existing methods
Applications
 Nanosystems
 Military and Homeland defense
 Environmental testing
Technology Status
Lab and Field Tested
Currently in use by a Major Heavy Equipment Manufacturer
US Patent Application # 20060272325
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
XXXXXXXXXXXX
Licensing
Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
6
ID# 9802.00
Controlling Mercury Emissions
Background
Though long known as a health and environmental hazard, mercury is used by a broad range of industries. As
a result, mercury emissions are heavily regulated, and regulators are always seeking to lower admissible levels
because of possible hazards. As some of the largest mercury emitters, power plants have sought solutions to
limit mercury emissions. One method uses activated carbon to absorb mercury, but that method is expensive
due to the cost of the carbon.
Invention
Researchers at Michigan Tech developed a solution that uses carbon materials found in fly ash, wood ash, and
other sources of charred carbon to remove mercury from flue gases. In addition to being cheaper to use than
activated carbon, these materials are more effective in absorbing mercury because of their pore structure.
The unburned carbon is concentrated in the sorbent by one or more separation processes used to remove
non-carbon particles from the fly ash. These processes include gravity separation, electrostatic separation,
froth flotation, magnetic separation and size classification. Mercury adsorption is further increased by
oxidation of the carbon surface.
Advantages
 Low cost with reasonable adsorptive capacity
 Environmentally friendly
Applications
 Coal fired power plants
 Chlor-alkali ventilation air treatment
 Incineration gas or natural gas treatment
Technology Status
Lab and Field Tested
US Patent # 6,027,551
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
7
ID# 0527.00
Improved Fuel Cell Function
Background
Because of rising gas prices and the pressure to limit vehicular emissions, many would like to see the
widespread use of cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells. Although manufacturers have made functioning
hydrogen fuel cells, one common problem is that the fuel cells can become blocked by water and “flood.” To
remedy this problem, the cells are designed so water drops are moved through the channels to the exit via the
gas flow. However, the water is still inhibited by pinning within the contact line region, and this disruption has
been a barrier to increased commercial use of fuel cells.
Invention
The solution is to use the inertia of the liquid drop to dislodge the pinned contact line by forced oscillations of
the drop at or near the natural frequency of the liquid surface. This will allow steady motion of the liquid within
the fuel cell, leading to improved fuel cell function and the ability to use fuel cells on a grand scale.
Advantages
 More efficient removal of fuel cell water
 Moisture removed during idling
 Inherently simple solution
Applications
 Personal vehicles
 Commercial vehicles
 Stationary power units
Technology Status
Prototype currently under development
US Patent # 8,524,410
Exclusive or Nonexclusive License Terms Available
XXXXXXXXXXXX
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
8
ID: 1148.00
Room Temperature Quantum Devices Based on
Quantum-Dot Functionalized Nanotubes
Background
Two major issues of Si-based field effect transistors (FETs) are, 1) high power dissipation due to high operation
power and finite current leakages in the conduction channels; and 2) short channel effects due to device
miniaturization as the channel length approaches the scale of the depletion layer width. These issues could
not be resolved by single wall carbon nanotubes or nanowire-based devices as doping and near surface defects
are the major issues. Furthermore, FETs based on single walled carbon nanotubes and nanowires are still based
on the semiconducting principles of Si devices.
Invention
This invention makes use of arrays of quantum dots (QDs or nanoparticles) on one dimensional substrates
(boron nitride nanotubes, BNNTs for example) as the “stepping stones” so that electrons can pass across them
only when the applied potential across them is sufficient to cause quantum tunneling between the QDs.
These quantum devices will have absolute off state (zero dark current) since BNNTs are insulating (wide band
gap ~6eV) and the QDs are having gaps between them. Thus undesirable current leakages that lead to high
power dissipation will be eliminated. Furthermore, these devices will not suffer from the short channel effects
upon device miniaturization as they are operated by quantum processes. These devices are operational at
room temperatures. Other undoped semiconductors that function as insulators can be substituted for the
BNNT. These devices offer unique operating characteristics for the next generation electronic devices.
Advantages




Eliminates undesirable current leakages that lead to high power dissipation
Will not suffer from short channel effects upon device miniaturization.
Operates at room temperature
Scalable to single array of QDs when used with very thin BNNTs
Applications




Chemical or biological sensors
Light modified switching devices
Spintronic devices
Semiconductors and electronic devices
Opportunity
Schematic of fabrication processes. The as-grown BNNTs are first coated
with a thin film of iron, nickel, or nickel film (or thin films of any materials) by
pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). This film is merely deposited at one side of
the BNNTs. These deposited BNNTs are then subjected to thermal
annealing to form array of quantum dots (QDs) along the axis of the BNNTs
US Patent Application # 14 / 359,818
Seeking development partners.
Licensing Contact
Technical Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
Dr. Yoke Khin Yap
Department of Physics
Michigan Technological University
906.487.2900
ykyap@mtu.edu
9
ID: 0830.00
Synthesis of Carbon Nitrides and Lithium Cyanamide
from Carbon Dioxide
Background
The recovery and disposal of CO2 from point-continuous sources, such as power plants and industries, is
afforded attention because CO2 capture and storage could markedly reduce CO2 emission in the atmosphere.
The conversion of CO2into useful materials constitutes an effective approach for both the reduction of CO2
and the synthesis of new materials.
Invention
This process describes a new approach for the control of CO2 emissions and provides a unique synthetic
approach for production of carbon nitrides. The invention provides an easy, energy efficient, exothermic, and
cost-effective method of converting carbon dioxide, a harmful greenhouse gas, to useful materials. CO2 is
reacted with metal nitrides, such as Li3N, to form carbon nitrides. The following flow diagram show the
detailed chemical processes involved.
Advantages
 Inexpensive process
 Transforms CO2 into
usable product
 Exothermic Reaction
 Low energy inputs
Applications
 Power Plant CO2 Sequestration
 Carbon Dioxide Beneficiation
 Synthesis of Carbon Nitrides
Technology Status
U.S. Patent # 8,632,743
Seeking commercialization partners for validation with pilot plant
Licensing Contact
Inventor Contact
Mike Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
Dr. Yun Hang Hu
Michigan Technological University Materials
Science and Engineering
yunhangh@mtu.edu
906.487.2261
10
ID: 1134.00
Two-Stage Torrefaction-Pyrolysis for the Production
Of High Grade Bio-Oil
Background
Interest in the production of biofuels from raw biomass has accelerated as these fuels are potentially
economically-viable, renewable, and carbon-neutral energy sources. Yet many barriers have been encountered
when using raw biomass in pyrolysis for the production of bio-oils. These hurdles are: inconsistent feedstock,
high concentration of organic acids, and low-quality and short lived bio-oil.
Invention
Our investigations of torrefaction have led to understanding:
(1) The component that mostly degrades is hemicelluloses - cellulose and lignin degrades little in the
200-300 C range.
(2) Water, CO, CO2, organic acids are major products in the gas stream; acetic acid is not produced by
cellulose and lignin.
(3) Biocoal properties can be tightly controlled, thus reducing significantly the variability in the feedstock.
Advantages
 Reduction in feedstock variability compared to raw biomass
 Higher quality bio-oil output
 Increased utilization of low value wood fiber
Applications
 Torrefaction-pyrolysis of wood for bio-oil production
 Utilization of low value wood fiber
 Improve marketability of bio-oil
Technology Status
A large scale pilot plant developed by E B Clean Energy is in production in Israel.
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
11
ID # 0335.00
Analysis of Respiratory Cycle-Related EEG
Changes (RCREC) in Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea affects at least 3% of Americans, with a larger portion of people afflicted with more
subtle forms of sleep-disordered breathing. As a result, testing and treatment for sleep disorders have grown
exponentially in recent years. The technology and expertise required to perform typical sleep laboratory
studies lead to charges as high as $2,500 each. However, results of these studies have not effectively
predicted the severity of neurobehavioral consequences of sleep-disordered breathing, such as daytime
sleepiness, cognitive deficits, and behavioral problems. Standard measures also fail, in many cases, to predict
response to treatment.
Technology
Using a novel analytic it was observed that electroencephalographic activity shows detectable changes during
non-apneic respiratory cycles in adults evaluated for sleep-disordered breathing. Quantification of these
changes, which may reflect numerous inspiratory microarousals, could prove useful in prediction of excessive
daytime sleepiness. The existence and extent of RCREC in various sleep stages and at various leads was also
observed.
Applications
 Diagnosis of sleep disorders in a sleep lab environment
Advantages
 Improves reproducibility of results due to new computerized
analysis
 Reduces manual labor required for data analysis
 Improves prediction of symptoms caused by sleep-disordered
breathing
Opportunity
Seeking commercial partners for joint development.
US Patent # 7,190,995 available for exclusive or non-exclusive license basis
Lead Technical Contact
Technology Manager
Dr. Joseph Burns
Michigan Tech Research Institute
Michigan Technological University
734.913.6857
joseph.burns@mtu.edu
Greg Leonard
Michigan Tech Research Institute
Michigan Technological University
734.913.6871
greg.leonard@mtu.edu
12
ID # 1314.00
Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Surface
Hydrophobicity of Proteins
Technology
There is a growing need for developing new hydrophobic sensors as many functions in cell are governed by
protein surface hydrophobic interactions and increased surface hydrophobicity of proteins have been linked
to several neurodegenerative diseases.
Dr. Ashutosh Tiwari, a researcher in Michigan Tech’s Chemistry Department, discovered new fluorescent
probes that can detect surface hydrophobicity of proteins with sensitivity 20 to 60 fold higher compared to
ANS. These new hydrophobic sensor dyes (HPsensor 1, 2, and 3) have excitation of ~530 nm and emission
peak of ~580 nm. The dyes can bind to very minute quantities of hydrophobic proteins and show relative
change in fluorescence compared to control.
Advantages
 Increased fluorescence signal with increasing surface
hydrophobicity of proteins
 20 to 60 fold increase in sensitivity when compared to
ANS
Applications
 Hydrophobic probe for proteins in vitro
 Quantify the load of hydrophobic proteins on native gels
 Quantify the misfolded burden of protein in cells
Opportunity
U.S. Patent Application filed in November, 2015. Seeking
industry partners to help commercialize the technology.
Exclusive rights available.
Licensing Contact
Technical Contact
Mike Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
Dr. Ashutosh Tiwari
Department of Chemistry
Michigan Technological University
906.487.1840
tiwari@mtu.edu
13
ID# 0451.00
Mechanically Stimulating Tissue Engineering Bioreactor
Background
Because of limitations in bone grafting, alternative therapies such as tissue engineering have garnered
increased attention. Tissue engineering is a growing field with promise in manufacturing tissues and organs
for repair, regeneration, and replacement. If bone tissue engineering is to become an efficient therapy for
repairing bone defects, then improved bioreactor systems are needed to generate tissue-engineered bone
constructs similar to healthy bone. Currently, many different types of bioreactors exist, but none has proved
successful in the tissue engineering culture process.
Invention
The solution is a tissue-engineering bioreactor that delivers steady perfusion flow for the transport of
nutrients and waste products while intermittently superimposing oscillatory flow to deliver a higher
magnitude mechanical stimulus to enhance bone formation activities. In addition to working on osteoblastic
cells cultured on three-dimensional tissue engineering calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue, the
bioreactor could be used to culture other tissue types as well.
Advantages
 Makes bone tissue engineering feasible
 Adaptable to other tissue types
 Commercially feasible
Applications
 Biomedical engineering
 Biochemistry
 Medical research
Technology Status
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) normalized by total DNA concentration means for static,
perfusion and mechanical samples at 24 and 48 hours with standard error bars (n=6
for each group). Groups with the same letters are not significantly different.
Operational Prototype Developed
US Patent # 7,732,204
Exclusive and Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
XXXXXXXXXXXX
Licensing Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
14
ID# 0533.00
Large-Scale Purification of Synthetic Oligonucleotides
Background
Synthetic oligonucleotides have potentially significant applications in biology and medicine. Currently, there
is one oligonucleotide drug on the market and more than forty others in various stages of clinical trials.
Demand for oligonucleotides is likely to grow as new anti-sense compounds are developed for treating
cancer and other diseases. Synthetically produced oligonucleotides must be purified to remove failure
sequences before being used in medicines. Current methods are expensive, labor intensive, and not suitable
for large-scale purification.
Invention
A solution developed at Michigan Tech uses polymerization for oligonucleotide purification. Synthetic
oligonucleotide are purified with use of a catching by polymerization, washing, and releasing approach. The
method does not require any chromatography, and purification is achieved by simple operations such as
shaking, washing, and extraction.
This method is suitable for large-scale production and is also cheaper and more efficient than existing
methods because chromatography and solid affinity catchers are no longer needed. In addition to
purification of oligonucleotides, this catching by polymerization concept is expected to be equally useful for
purification of other synthetic oligomers such as peptides and oligosaccharides. This method has been shown
to be free of failure sequences and will lead to much greater yields at a fraction of the cost.
Advantages





Cost effective
Increased yields
High purity
Allows large-scale production
Desalting & Purification in one step
Technology Status
US Patent # 7,850,949 and # 9,243,023
Divisional and PCT pending
Proof of Concept Demonstrated
Exclusive or Nonexclusive License Terms Available
Continued Validation and Scale Up Development Underway
Licensing Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
Inventor Contact
Dr. Shiyue Fang
Michigan Technological University
Chemistry Department
shifang@mtu.edu
906.487.2023
15
ID# 200320
Modified Luciferase for Chemical Testing
Background
Testing high-volume production chemicals for toxicity is an increasing priority for manufactures and consumers
alike, resulting in a potential multibillion-dollar testing industry. However, no consistently reliable testing
methods currently exist.
In the past, animal testing was used, but this method is now viewed as cruel and unethical and is expensive
and time-consuming as well. In vitro testing of chemicals has gained ground, but current methods of in vitro
testing are time-consuming and unreliable because the chemicals interfere with the test response. This
problem occurs frequently in a common testing method that uses luciferase, an enzyme from the North
American firefly.
Invention
The solution is modified luciferase that exhibits less inhibition to a broad range of high-production volume
chemicals. The mutant luciferase shows reduced inhibition to many alcohols and solvents, including
chloroform—a common HPV test chemical that interferes with the results of wild-type luciferase testing.
Advantages
 More reliable testing agent for a broad range of chemicals
 Would reduce reliance on animal testing
 Saves time and expense
Technology Status
Lab confirmation
US Patent 7,183,092
Exclusive License Terms Available
XXXXXXXXXXXX
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
16
ID: 0938.00
Nanostructured Titanium Implants with
Anti-Bacterial and Extended Shelf Life Surfaces
Background
Medicine is taking advantage of titanium implants to repair damaged hips, knees and teeth. Various methods
have been utilized to provide sub-millimeter surface roughness that promote bone interlocking such as
sandblasting or high temperature coatings. Continued loosening of implants limiting their lifespan have left
the medical device industry looking for better alternatives.
Invention
The invention is a low cost, quick and benign process of electrochemically etching a nanostructured
(nanotubes) surface into pure, alloy or thermal plasma sprayed surfaces with integrated silver for anti-bacterial
properties. The nanotubes are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and promote osteoblast
proliferation and adhesion relative to controls. The silver is not a secondary deposition process so cost and
time is low. The surface can have free-standing or closed-packed nanotubes, or a trabecular bone morphology.
By varying the etching electrolyte chemistry the wettability of the surface can be controlled. It is also possible
to reverse adverse surface effects of prolonged shelf life.
Advantages




Nanostructures can be formed into irregular surfaces including screws, rods, pins and coating textures
Replaces expensive and toxic platinum and hydrofluoric acid in etching process
Integrates silver into and onto the nanostructures in a single step
Surface chemistry can be controlled by post-etch thermal treatment
Applications
 Skeletal implants
 Dental implants
 Orthopedic manufacturing and packaging
Technology Status
US Patent Application # 13 / 798,287
Exclusive license available
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
17
ID # 1327.00
Peptide Purification by Polymerization of Full-length
Or Failure Sequences
Background
Peptides are widely used in research, and there are ~60 peptide drugs on the market and ~270 in clinical trials.
Peptides are usually synthesized in an automated synthesizer and purified with reversed-phase HPLC. For
therapeutic applications, several consecutive runs of HPLC may be needed to reach required purity. However,
purification with HPLC requires expensive instruments and columns, consumes large volumes of hazardous
solvents, and is labor intensive. Currently, methods more practical than HPLC for peptide purification are not
available.
Invention
Michigan Tech’s catching-by-polymerization technology is highly cost effective method for peptide
purification. During automated synthesis, either the full-length or failure peptides are tagged with a
polymerizable group. After synthesis, the crude is subjected to polymerization in a spin-filtering centrifuge
tube (for small scale purification) or a filter funnel (for larger scale purification).
For the catching full-length sequence method, the failure sequences are simply removed by adding a solvent
to the polymer followed by filtering. For the catching failure sequences method, full-length sequence is
obtained by adding a solvent followed by filtering. Small molecule impurities are then removed by
precipitation.
The catching-by-polymerization purification technology does not require any chromatography. Purification is
achieved by shaking and filtering, and therefore is ideal for small and large scale peptide purification.
Applications
Advantages
 Large scale purification
 Small scale purification
 Replacing the first HPLC in multi-run HPLC
peptide drug purification




High purity
High recovery yield
Consumes less solvent
Uses standard lab equipment
Technology Status
Proof of concept demonstrated for catching full-length sequence by polymerization
Proof of concept underway for catching failure sequences by polymerization
Technology optimization underway
Licensing Contact
Inventor Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
Dr. Shiyue Fang
Michigan Technological University
Chemistry Department
shifang@mtu.edu
906.487.2023
18
ID: 0720.00
A Model-Based Estimation and Control System for NOx
reduction in Urea-SCR After-Treatment Systems
Background
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the technology of choice for the majority of truck and engine
manufacturers to meet 2010 EPA emissions standards for heavy-duty trucks. SCR systems use urea to
chemically reduce NOx out of the diesel exhaust. Over-use of urea is not only wasteful but can also cause
emissions of toxic ammonia gas.
Several model-based closed-loop controllers have been designed assuming a lumped NOx quantity in the
exhaust passing through the SCR. However it is well known that NOx reduction changes based on the NO and
NO2 concentrations entering the catalyst. The control challenge is to obtain good NOx reduction while
minimizing urea consumption and NH3 slip. This motivates the need for a control strategy that considers the
proportion of NO and NO2 for better SCR performance.
Invention
Researchers at Michigan Tech have developed computer models and practical methods to improve the
performance of SCR systems. Data gathered from NOx sensors in the exhaust stream and from a diagnostic
unit on the engine can calculate the optimal amount of urea injection needed to minimize NOx emissions by
estimating NO and NO2 concentrations in the SCR. Commands are then generated to inject the proper quantity
of the urea solution into the exhaust stream.
Advantages
 Minimizes urea consumption
 More effective than control strategies where NO and NO2 are lumped together as NOx
 More effectively meets diesel engine exhaust emission standards
Applications
 Heavy duty on-highway diesel engines
 Heavy-duty off-highway diesel engines
 Light-duty powered vehicles
Opportunity
Seeking commercial partner interested in exclusive or non-exclusive rights to patented technology. Expertise
for custom SCR implementations and commercial development available.
US Patent # 8,230,677 (Issued July, 2012)
Technical Contact
Licensing Contact
Dr. Gordon Parker
Mechanical Engineering
ggparker@mtu.edu
906.487.1850
MEEM 803
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
19
ID# 0617.00
Accurate Detection of Engine Knock
Background
Engine knock is caused by the auto-ignition of the fuel and air mixture compressed in the cylinder before
normal combustion is complete. A vehicle with engine knock will quickly suffer engine damage. However,
operating at conditions far from the knock limit will quickly reduce fuel economy. Because engine knock
typically generates high frequency vibrations in the engine, it can be measured by accelerometers mounted
on the engine block. However, the intensity of the engine knock varies from cycle to cycle and can lead current
knock detection systems to underestimate the level of knock resulting in possible engine damage or
overestimate the level of knock resulting in fuel economy losses.
Invention
The solution to accurate engine knock measurement lies with statistical characterization. The invention is a
software algorithm that capitalizes on current Engine Control Unit (ECU) hardware to fit the cycle-cycle knock
intensities to a probability density function. The statistical characterization is more accurate for both
stationery and non-stationery detection of engine knocks.
Advantages
 Reduced fuel consumptions
 Improved tolerance to fuels including biofuel blends
 Improved robustness with a more accurate measuring system
 Utilizes existing ECU hardware; applicable to most ECUs
 Reduced engine noise
 Environmentally friendly
Applications


 Internal Combustion Engines
Technology Status
US Patent # 7,415,347 Issued January, 2008
Exclusive and Nonexclusive License Terms Available
Modeled Using 3.0 Liter V-6 Engine
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
20
ID# 9821.00
Direct-Writing of Materials by Laser Guidance
Background
In the field of optical guides, early techniques were limited because they trapped particles only in a small region
near the focal point of the laser. As a result, imaging devices used optical traps that depended upon a sample
chamber, and since trapping and transporting particles occurred within the chamber, imaging devices required
the laser be steered from outside. A later development, guiding atoms through optical fibers, was a step
forward, but that process was also limited due to particle size and the need for manipulation to take place in
a special vacuum chamber. Because of these developments, optical guides are limited to certain materials and
particles.
Invention
The invention solves the existing problems by providing non-contact, non-mechanical manipulation of atoms,
clusters, and micron-size particles across a broad range of materials. The invention uses laser light to trap
particles optically within the hollow region of a hollow core and transport them along the fiber over long
distances. Under ambient conditions, the method has guided single atoms in evacuated fibers and moved
particles as small as ~50nm.
The invention could be used for guiding a wide variety of particles, including biological particles such as
bacteria, viruses, genes, proteins, cells and DNA macromolecules. In addition, the invention could extract liquid
and solid particles from source backgrounds and fabricate micron-size surface structures. For example,
particles could be used to fabricate an electrical circuit and then be delivered to a semiconductor substrate.
The invention also allows finer feature writing such as unique identification markers on micro-mechanical
devices.
Advantages
 Enables laser guidance of smaller particles
 Allows direct-writing of micron-sized features
 Generates surface features of less than one micron
 Accesses an unlimited amount of substrates
Technology Status
Currently licensed to a large additive manufacturer
US Patent # 6,823,124
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
21
Applications
 Biomedical Engineering
 Nanotechnology
 Identification markers
 Electrical fabrication
ID# 200203.01
Inductive and Magnetic Annealing of Thin Films
Background
Bulk heating of Microelectromechanical devices (MEMS) can produce undesired effects and even disable or
destroy many devices. However the mechanical components of such devices can commonly benefit from some
form of heat treatment. This technology allows for selective heating of specific regions within micro or nanoscale devices or other components embedded within thin films. This technology allows for the creation of
devices that cannot otherwise be fabricated, or must be separately fabricated with individual components
assembled after heat treating.
Inductive Annealing
The invention provides an area-selective induction heating process. The process includes providing a substrate
which has an area or a region to be heated, patterning the area of the substrate to be heated with a thin film,
applying the thin film to the selected area or the selected region, and inductively heating the selected area
through the thin film. As an alternative to ambient heating, induction heating allows for localized temperature
control of a specific region of a material, device, or substrate. Thus, not only does induction heating potentially
conserve energy but it also allows protection of temperature-sensitive components. For these and other
reasons, induction heating has several potential applications in microelectronic and microsystem fabrication.
Magnetic Annealing
Magnetic annealing involves the heating of a deposited ferromagnetic film to an elevated temperature and
applying a directional field for a specific amount of time, often in a vacuum ambient to prevent oxidation. The
intent of this procedure is to promote the restructuring of magnetic domains, increasing their size so as to
enhance the magnetic permeability of the material while simultaneously establishing a preferred orientation
of the magnetic dipoles or magnetic "easy axis." The novelty of this invention is the realization of the
temperature elevation by means of inductive heating, in which an alternating magnetic field is used to induce
eddy currents that heat the material resistively. This would require both AC and DC magnetic fields, applied
via either single or separate sources.
Advantages





Efficient manufacturing process
Allows for micro/nano-scale component fabrication
Annealing mechanical parts does not affect electronic components
Allows for increased flexibility in microelectronic and microsystem design
Annealing can be localized to regions containing ferromagnetic films allowing the presence of heat
sensitive components
22
ID# 200203.01
Inductive and Magnetic Annealing of Thin Films
-Continued
Applications
 Magnetic Random Access Memories (MRAMs)
 Industrial processes to modify the mechanical properties of materials
Opportunity
Michigan Tech is seeking commercial partners interested in licensing this patented technology.
Inventor continuing research in the area of inductive annealing and process manufacturing improvements.
Development Status: Proven in laboratory environment.
US Patent # 7,193,193 and # 6,878,909
Licensing Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
Technical Contact
Dr. Paul Bergstrom
Electrical & Computer Engineering
Michigan Technological University
paulb@mtu.edu
906.487.2058
23
ID# 1218.00
Low Cost, Wireless, Embedded Inductive—
Capacitive Sensor
Background
One of the significant advantages of the LC sensor is its simplicity in design and fabrication process, especially compared
to other wireless, passive sensors. These LC sensors are small, easy to manufacture, and robust. In comparison to the
radio frequency identification device (RFID) sensor technologies, the LC sensor is simpler with no data storage or
processing capacity. The planar LC sensor, with an extremely thin profile, can be used in applications where others cannot
fulfill, such as use as a disposable, sticker-like sensor.
However, even for a simple LC sensor based on inductor-capacitor tank circuit, there is a need for a capacitive and
inductive element, so a minimum of three layers are needed to fabricate functional sensors (bottom layer for the spiral
inductor and capacitor, middle layer for insulating, and top layer for completing the inductor to capacitor connection).
While simpler than fabricating an IC such as that needed in RFID, the fabrication process is still complex as all three layers
need to be aligned and precautions are needed to make sure the top and bottom are electrically connected.
Invention
The invention, referred to as the single layer spiral inductive-capacitive (S2LC) sensor, consists of a planar or threedimensional spiral inductor with no independent capacitive element. The capacitance needed for the LC resonance comes
from the parasitic capacitance from the lines of the inductor. The sensor can assume different shapes, from a square or
rectangle to a circular flat spiral, to spirals with a gradient in the z direction.
Using the described sensor, a study was conducted to investigate the drying rate of sand samples of different grain sizes,
and track humidity levels behind drywall. The experimental data showed a strong correlation with sensor readings with
the actual moisture content in sand or building materials. The simple fabrication process and versatility of this sensor
technology provide an economical advantage for many applications.
Advantages
 Single layer device requires inexpensive manufacturing process versus existing 3 layer designs
 Printed using standard ink-jet printers
 No independent capacitor exists, allowing whole sensor to be used
Applications





Biological/Chemical concentration measurements with functionalized coating
Water content monitoring - Drywall, insulation, building materials
Implantable biosensors- Stress/strain measurement
Civil engineering projects - Concrete and soil moisture
Food processing and packaging - Product safety, quality, shelf life
Opportunity
Seeking commercial partners for joint development, including improved fabrication and scale-up studies. Opportunities
exist for patent protection and associated rights on exclusive or non-exclusive basis.
Technical Contact
Technology Manager
Dr. Keat Ghee Ong
Biomedical Engineering
Michigan Technological University
906.487.2749
kgong@mtu.edu
Michael Morley
Innovation & Industry Engagement
Michigan Technological University
906.487.3485
mcmorley@mtu.edu
24
ID: 1029.00
Micro Tube Hydroforming Processes
Background
The use of micro metal forming processes presents excellent alternative methods for producing miniature
components due to their cost advantages in bulk production and improved material properties after
deformation. Micro tube hydroforming has received little attention even though it has the capability to form
a variety of shapes with minimal scrap generated.
Traditional macro scale hydroforming processes rely on axial forces applied to both ends of a tube for pressure
sealing and formation. The significantly higher pressures necessary for micro scale hydroforming require a
sealing mechanism that cannot be reliably achieved using traditional axial forces without the risk of collapsing
the tubes.
Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for creating a high pressure seal when performing
tube hydroforming operations. This method utilizes a flexible gasket that is fit around the tube to be formed.
The gasket and tube are then inserted between the pressure blocks (upper and lower, feed side and slave side)
in a special seal cavity. This cavity is designed to distribute even compression on the gasket that provides
enough force to seal around the tube and the upper and lower pressure blocks. In addition, if an applied axial
force is required during the forming operation, the tube has a stop inside the cavity to allow an applied axial
force to both the feed and slave pressure blocks.
This invention is different than the traditional high pressure sealing method used in tube hydroforming
because the proposed method does not rely on tapered fittings, high die compression forces or high axial
forces to generate the seal. The traditional method for high pressure sealing increases the potential for
buckling which is a common mode for failure in tube hydroforming operations.
Advantages
Applications








High production rates
Low cost process
Large variety of shapes and geometries
Minimal scrap
Medical equipment
Microfluidics
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)
Micro-system technologies
Technology Status
Laboratory tested
Seeking development partners for scale and process control optimization
Licensing Contact
Inventor Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
Scott Wagner
Michigan Technological University
Science and Engineering
yunhangh@mtu.edu
906.487.2261
25
ID # 200241-42
Particulate Filter Modeling
Background
Diesel particulate filters are designed to remove particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust of diesel vehicles.
Wall-flow particulate filters remove at least 85% of the soot, and can remove as much as 100% when heavily
loaded. Currently, these systems are fitted to vehicles after they’ve been designed, which doesn’t allow the
diesel particulate filter to reach its true potential.
Invention
Researchers at Michigan Tech have developed numerical models to simulate the filtration and regeneration
performance of catalyzed diesel particulate filters (CPFs). These software solutions use FORTRAN computer
code to model filters that would best fit vehicles while still in the prototype stage and allow for a more natural
fit that reduces emissions from the inception. The software will allow designers to assess various changes to
filter design on key performance characteristics such as transport phenomena (pressure drop, oxidized
particulate mass, filtration efficiency, etc.) of a both a single cell and multi cell (100 or 200 cells/in2) particulate
filter.
Two separate models were developed: The first model is a one-dimensional catalyzed wall-flow particulate
filter model with the dimension being the length of the trap. Two layers of particulate matter are assumed for
the particles deposited in the filter, i.e., the layer 1 next to the catalyst and layer 2 on top of layer 1 where only
thermal oxidation occurs. The second model is a lumped parameter wall-flow particulate filter model that is
lumped with zero dimensions where a single layer of particulate matter is assumed for the particles deposited
in the filter.
Applications
Advantages
 Automobile
 Mining
 Vehicle research
 Cost effective
 Environmentally safer
 Easy to test
Technology Status
Currently in use by a large North American Automobile Manufacturer
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
Inventor Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
John Johnson
Michigan Technological University
Mechanical Engineering
jjohnson@mtu.edu
26
ID# 0536.00
Wet Oxidation of Lactose
Background
Lactose (milk sugar) is a low-value byproduct that the dairy industry generates in large quantities during cheese
production. Approximately 1.2 million tons accumulates annually worldwide, most of which is disposed in
waste water and leads to environmental problems. It is desirable to minimize this waste, either by converting
lactose to smaller organic and inorganic carbon compounds more suitable for disposal or, preferably, to a
lactose derivative compound with significant value.
Invention
A catalytic wet oxidation process (common in sewage treatment) where O2 is added to a 3 percent lactosewater solution in the presence of a catalyst under heat and pressure. The process converts whey to carbon
dioxide and water. The process can be modified to produce lactobionic acid as a marketable by-product used
in pharmaceuticals, mineral supplements, cosmetics, and personal care products.
Advantages




Simple processing requirements
Heat given off by the process could be recovered for energy
Potential to market by-products
Provides a safe alternative to field application of whey
Applications
 Dairy industry environmental control
 Avoid disposing of whey by conventional and expensive sewage treatment
 Avoid field application of whey and associated environmental issues
Technology Status
US Patent # 7,371,362 issued 5/13/08
Exclusive or nonexclusive license available.
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
27
ID # 1305.00
Microwave Furnace System for Vermiculite Exfoliation
Background
Vermiculite is a layer-structured mineral with regions among aluminum silicate sheets that contain trapped
water. The exfoliation process heats the vermiculite, converting trapped water into a flash of pressurized
steam that expands the material into an accordion like manner. After the steam expands the layers open, the
vermiculite particles can be up to 30 times of the original thickness. Traditional exfoliation processes involve
an energy intensive process that heats the material to between 850-1000°C through a natural gas or oil fired
vertical furnace.
Invention
This invention provides a novel microwave exfoliation system for energy-saving processing of vermiculite and
other minerals. When the vermiculite flakes are fed into a rotary chamber, the water molecules inside
vermiculite crystals start to absorb microwaves and generate steam instantly, which result in expansion of
vermiculite flakes (crystals). The microwave process can selectively heat the interlayer water molecules in
vermiculite, making exfoliation possible at ambient temperature with microwave irradiation.
The exfoliated vermiculite flakes are gradually moved from the feed end to discharge end, while the
unexfoliated vermiculite flakes are moved up and exposed to microwave radiation. The exfoliated vermiculite
flakes are discharged at the discharge end and dropped into a product box. Comparing to prior processes of
exfoliation, this invention provides energy efficient equipment for vermiculite exfoliation with up to 90%
energy saving vs. traditional exfoliation. Production costs are expected to be correspondingly reduced.
Applications
Advantages












Horticulture
Building materials and insulation
Chemical carriers, additives and sealants
Packaging
Lightweight concrete
Opportunity
Energy saving: up to 90% of traditional process
Reduced exfoliation production time
Higher yield
Maximize exfoliation to increase expansion ratio
Produces more closed pores
Less dust yield
Reduced carbon footprint by up to 85%
Seeking commercial partner interested in pursuing industrial scale up development and patent license
rights - Prototype under development.
Technology Manager
Technical Contact
Michael Morley
Innovation & Industry Engagement
Michigan Technological University
906.487.3485
mcmorley@mtu.edu
Dr. Bowen Li
Materials Science and Engineering
Michigan Technological University
906.487.4325
boli@mtu.edu
28
Mineral Occurrence Revenue Estimation and Visualization
Tool
A cooperative project between the University of Alaska – Fairbanks (UAF) and the Michigan
Tech Research Institute (MTRI)
www.mtri.org/mineraloccurence.html
Under a cooperative project between MTRI and UAF, we are
creating a flexible and map-based Mineral Occurrence
Revenue Estimation and Visualization (MOREV) tool for
existing and planned Alaska and Canadian railroads, including
the proposed Alaska-Canada Rail Link. Estimates of carbon
emissions for multi-modal shipping of mineral commodities
are included in a flexible tool module.
MOREV uses existing high-quality geospatial data on metallic
and non-metallic mineral resources, and other commodities
for Alaska, Yukon, and British Columbia to estimate potential
future revenues under pre-defined and user-generated
scenarios within the existing and future railroad corridors in
the region.
Fig. 2 (above): The Alaska Railroad, part of the
network, along with proposed ACRL routes, that the
tool uses for a multi-modal shipping network for
mineral and related freight.
Fig. 1 (right):
Example of the
MOREV tool input
tables, used to
calculate revenue
scenarios and
transportation
greenhouse gas
emissions.
Within the tool, users will be able to select
particular resource types and locations to retrieve
what the estimated extractable resource amounts
and associated revenue would be if an operational
railroad existed nearby. Potential railroad routes
can be displayed and customized by users to
quickly evaluate the enhanced economic feasibility
of currently stranded resources.
Fig. 3 (left): The GIS interface to the MOREV tool, showing
mineral deposit locations in Alaska, Yukon, and B.C.
29
The revenue estimation equations and relationships underlying
the tool are based on expert input from a wide variety of
stakeholders in the Alaska-northwest Canada region. Present
military and future national security usage, including natural
disaster preparedness, of a trans- continental railroad system
will also be also modeled. A web-mapping version of the tool to
help users understand the tool’s functionality is being developed
for general use in early 2011. A site-specific desktop GIS version,
for detailed, in-depth analysis, will be available by contacting
Colin Brooks, Dr. Paul Metz, or Dr. Robert Shuchman (see below).
Fig.Fig.
5 (above):
5 (above):
AnAn
example
example
of of
displaying
displaying
a revenue
a revenue
& shipping
& shipping
scenario
scenario
in Google
in Google
Earth
Earth
using
using
thethe
tool’s
tool’s
visualization
visualization
capabilities.
capabilities.
Transportation Carbon Accounting Module (TCAM):
With the recent increased focus on energy efficiency and carbon
accountability, the revenue estimation tool also incorporates
carbon accounting to help users minimize carbon footprints.
This includes calculating carbon footprints of user-selected
multi-modal networks to ship mineral and supporting freight to
continental and international destinations.
Fig. 4 (above): Examples of the detailed emissions tables used to calculate
potential carbon emissions related to mineral freight shipping.
This project is part of a larger cooperative international investigation
linking Alaska and Canada rail systems involving the University of Alaska,
Michigan Technological University, and the University of Calgary.
Collaborators:
UAF - Dr. Paul Metz, Mark Taylor, P.E.
MTRI - Dr. Robert Shuchman, Colin Brooks, Helen Kourous-Harrigan, Eric
Keefauver, Michael Billmire, Richard Dobson, Nathaniel Jessee, and
Michelle Wienert
Project Consultant – Leon Van Wyhe
Fig. 6 (right):
The Fort Knox Gold
mine near
Fairbanks, AK
The potential
revenue impacts of
developing new
resources such as
these will be easier
to calculate with the
MOREV tool.
Michigan Tech Research Institute
Michigan
Tech
Research
3600 Green Ct.,
Ste. 100 • Ann
Arbor,
MI 48105 Institute
• USA • 734.913.6840
3600 Green Ct., Ste. 100 • Ann Arbor, MI 48105 • USA • 734.913.6840
Colin Brooks
Research Scientist, MRTI
734.913.6858
Dr. Paul Metz
Professor, UAF
907.474.6749
30
Dr. Robert Shuchman
MRTI Co-Director
734.913.6860
ID: 1209.00
Phosphorous-Doped Titanium Material for
Dimensionally-Stable Anodes
Background
There are a number of high-volume industrial electrochemical operations which require the anodic electrode
to provide a stable, inert surface where oxidation processes can occur, namely the chlor-alkali industry and
the electrowinning industries. Electrochemical anodes in these situations have two fundamental
requirements that are often in contradiction to each other:
(1) They must be electrically conductive so that they can provide electrical contact with the electrolyte; and
(2) They must be highly resistant to oxidation, so that they can resist attack by the powerful oxidizers that are
generated as a result of electrochemical anode reactions.
A major challenge in this area is finding a material that acts as good electrical conductor, yet is immune to
corrosion. Metals and oxides satisfy only one of the two required attributes: Corrosion resistant materials are
generally poor conductors, while good conductors are subject to corrosion.
Invention
In this invention, an electrically conductive oxide solid material is produced by heavily doping metallic titanium
or titanium oxides with phosphorus. This converts the surface film of titanium dioxide into an n-type
semiconductor that remains conductive even in oxidizing environments. The resulting material, being a highly
chemically-stable oxide, can then withstand the highly oxidizing and corrosive anodic environment in
electrochemical process cells, while still maintaining the conductivity needed to function as an electrode.
The new material can dramatically extend the durability and lifespan of dimensionally stable electrochemical
anodes, allowing them to operate many times longer than is currently possible with existing MMO anodes.
The material can be used as either a coating on top of a titanium substrate, or as a largely monolithic mass of
doped titanium oxide, formed by fusing metallic titanium with titanium phosphate.
The Ti02 coating that forms on its surface on exposure to air or water will then be autogenously doped by the
phosphorus included in the alloy. As a result, any coating that is lost from the anode due to chemical or physical
damage will immediately be replaced by the anode alloy oxidizing to form new doped Ti02, making the anodes
"self-healing" against damage.
X-ray diffraction analysis of the solidified Ti-0-P material showed a mixture of the titanium oxides Ti02 and
Ti203. X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed that the material contained approximately 1-5% phosphorus, and
electrochemical testing confirmed that the material was both conductive and corrosion–resistant.
31
ID: 1209.00
Phosphorous-Doped Titanium Material for
Dimensionally-Stable Anodes - Continued
Advantages




Less expensive than platinum or MMO anodes using precious metals
Excellent conductive properties suitable for electrodes
Highly corrosion resistant
Dimensionally stable
Applications
 Electrowinning industry
 Chlor-alkali industry
 Remediation of wastewater from the oil extraction industry
Opportunity
Seeking commercial partners for joint development on this new technology, including improved fabrication,
scale-up studies, and process optimization for coating titanium anode rod, or making titanium-phosphorous
solid anode rod. Opportunities exist for intellectual property protection and associated rights on exclusive or
non-exclusive basis.
Technical Contact
Technology Manager
Dr. Timothy Eisele
Department of Chemical Engineering
Michigan Technological University
906.487.2017
tceisele@mtu.edu
Michael Morley
Innovation & Industry Engagement
Michigan Technological University
906.487.3485
mcmorley@mtu.edu
32
ID# 1606.00
Ruthenium Nanoframes as Enhanced Catalyst
Background
Nanoframes made of noble metals have received great attention in recent years due to their remarkable
performance in many applications including catalysis, plasmonics, and biomedicine. The highly open structure
of nanoframes is mainly responsible for their enhanced properties and superior performance. In catalysis, for
example, nanocatalysts with frame morphologies ensure increased surface area to volume ratio and reduced
coordination number for atoms on the surface, thereby maximizing the catalytic activity. Ru nanostructures
have found widespread use in many industrially important catalytic reactions such as hydrogen, ammonia
synthesis and CO oxidation.
Invention
Michigan Tech researchers have demonstrated a two-step method based on seeded growth and chemical
etching for the synthesis of Ruthenium Nanoframes (Ru NF). The key was to direct the overgrowth of Ru to
selectively occur on the corner and edge sites of palladium truncated octahedral seeds in the first step by
kinetic control. In this way, Ru NFs could be easily obtained in the second step by removing Pd cores from the
resultant Pd−Ru core−frame octahedral through chemical etching. Most importantly, in this approach the facecentered cubic (fcc) crystal structure of Pd seeds was faithfully replicated by Ru that usually takes a hexagonal
close packed structure (HCP).
Advantages
 Face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure
 Higher catalytic activities toward the reduction of nitrophenol by NaBH4
 Platform synthesis method can apply to metals and the development of nanostructures with unusual
crystal structures.
Applications




Industrial Catalyst
Plasmonics
In vivo medical applications
Biomedicine
Technology Status
Proof of concept
Provisional Patent Filed February, 2016
Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
Mike Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
33
ID# 0626.00
Self-Regenerating Nanotips for Indestructible
Low-Power Electric Propulsion Cathodes
Background
Electron-emitting cathodes are employed on electric propulsion (EP) thrusters to help space vehicles stay
electrically neutral and to sustain the discharge in plasma thrusters. The traditional technology used for
electron emission has been the hollow cathode, a gas-fed device that does not scale well to lower power.
To offset these problems, recent research has gone into field emission cathode development such as the Spindt
cathode. These emitters rely on geometric enhancement of electric fields near sharp tips, but the tips degrade
easily from chemical contamination, ion impacts, and catastrophic arcing.
Invention
Self-assembling nanostructures can combat degrading nanotips by repeatedly regenerating damaged emitter
tips and restoring the damaged or degraded cathode. These regenerating nanotips can last tens of thousands
of hours and quickly adapt to problems.
Advantages
 Not subject to degradation
 Increased efficiency—demonstrated for 10,000 hours
Applications
 Flat panel display technologies
 Space-based applications using field-emission cathodes
 Micropropulsion
Discharge cathodes and neutralizers in low to medium power EP thrusters
 Spacecraft neutralization
Technology Status
US Patent # 8,080,930
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
Michael Morley
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
mcmorley@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
34
Copper Resistant Microorganisms
Used in Bioremediation
Plants Can Thrive in Copper-Tainted Soils with a Little Help from Bacteria
Waste from the mining operations still contains a high fraction of copper, so high that almost nothing can grow
on it—and hasn’t for decades, leaving behind moonscape expanses that can stretch for acres. Ramakrishna
Wusirika’s research team may have discovered how to make plants grow in the mine-waste desert and soak
up some copper while they are at it.
Wusirika, a biological sciences professor at Michigan Technological University, began his research using several
species of Pseudomonas bacteria from the sediments of Torch Lake. In the region’s copper-mining heyday, the
lake was used as a dump for mine waste. His team found bacteria that are resistant to high levels of copper
and thought they might be able to use them to help plants grow better on contaminated soils.
Wusirika’s research team added copper to soil samples and then inoculated them with a copper-resistant strain
of Pseudomonas. Finally, they planted the samples with maize and sunflower seeds and waited. As expected,
seeds planted in copper-free soil thrived, and seeds planted in the copper-tainted soil without bacteria were
stunted. Seeds planted in the coppery soil enriched with bacteria did much better; some were nearly as
vigorous as plants grown without the toxic metal.
The bacteria seem to help with plant growth, and also help maize and sunflower uptake copper. That means
some kinds of naturally occurring bacteria could make soil more fertile and, in concert with the plants, remove
at least some of the copper, a process known as rhizoremediation.
Wusirika’s team has been testing how well their technique might work in a real copper-mining desert.
They are in the process of using these bacteria to promote plant growth in stamp sands collected near the
small Upper Peninsula village of Gay, where the copper-processing byproduct covers about 500 acres.
Influence of TLC 6-6.5-4 on the growth of
maize A: soil + bacteria inoculation B:
Control (no bacteria and copper) C: soil +
bacteria + copper (500mg/kg) D: soil +
copper (500mg/kg)
Contact
Dr. Ramakrishna Wusirika, Associate Professor Biological Sciences
Michigan Technological University
Research Area: Plant Molecular Biology and Comparative Genomics; Bioinformatics;
Evolutionary and Functional Analysis of Plant Genes, Promoters, and Transposable Elements;
Organization and Evolution of Cereal Disease Resistance Genes.
906.487.3068
wusirika@mtu.edu
35
ID# 0522.00
Fast-Growing Plants with Increased Cellulose
Background
Fast-growing commercial plants with improved cellulose production are of interest to a number of industries.
Such plants increased cellulose content would be a boon to the paper industry, as well as the biofuel industry,
particularly in bioconversion to ethanol. In addition, these plants would be beneficial for livestock due to ease
of digestion. As of now, no commercially viable means of producing fast-growing plants with increased
cellulose exists.
Invention
The solution is genetic manipulation of cellulose synthases. Using aspen cellulose synthase overexpression
binary vectors results in phenotypes that are fast-growing, have increased cellulose, and do not go to seed.
Advantages
 Increased biomass
 Improved cellulose production
 Not a source of genetic pollution
Applications
 Paper production
 Biofuels
 Agricultural production
Improved livestock feed
Technology Status
Lab proof of concept expression
US Patent # 8,129,585
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
36
ID# 200014
Genetic Engineering of Syringyl-Enriched
Lignin in Plants
Background
Lignin is the non-fiber component of plant cell walls. While important to plant growth, it is completely
indigestible for animals, and some industries, particularly the pulp and paper industries, spend vast amounts
of money, energy, and time in the delignification process in order to make their products. Since lignin is not
readily digestible by livestock, a means of transforming lignin would be an economic benefit to the agricultural
industry.
In angiosperms, lignin is a mixture of syringyl and guaiacyl monolignols. It has been estimated that if syringyl
lignin could be increased by genetically incorporating it into angiosperms and gymnosperms, the annual
savings in processing genetically engineered types instead of wild ones would result in savings of $6-$10 billion.
Invention
The solution is a novel DNA sequence that encodes a previously unidentified lignin biosynthetic pathway
enzyme to regulate the biosynthesis of syringyl lignin in plants. The invention incorporates this novel gene,
sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD), into a plant genome for genetic engineering of syringyl-enriched lignin
in plants. The resulting plants would thus have syringyl-enriched lignin and be more suitable for production
and feeding.
Advantages
 Saves time and expense
 Reduces the need for delignification
 Improves digestibility
Applications
 Paper and pulp industry
 Agricultural production
 Livestock feed improvement
Technology Status
Expression confirmed
US Patent 6,812,377
Non-Exclusive license terms available exclusive of certain tree species
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
37
ID# 0635.00
Increasing Plant Leaf Size and Surface
Background
Despite our increased ability to understand plant genes, most modifications have been aimed at creating
hybrids with an eye on increased yields and fruit sizes. However, the same benefits can be found in altering
leaf size and surface area without significantly altering the plant. In addition, increasing leaf size and surface
area would have an effect on growth rates and therefore have tremendous application in areas such as creating
biomass sources and addressing urban pollution.
Invention
The solution is to alter leaf size and surface in plants through the modulation of cell proliferation. By using a
dominant poplar gene mutation, the invention provides a means of producing transgenic plants with increased
leaf size and surface.
Advantages
 Increases leaf size and surface
 Increases assimilation and growth
 Increases biomass and edible product
Applications
 Biofuels
 Agriculture
 Environmental
Technology Status
Documented gene expression
US Patent # 8,329,992
Non-Exclusive License Terms Available
Licensing Contact
John Diebel
Michigan Technological University
Innovation & Industry Engagement
jfdiebel@mtu.edu
906.487.2228
38