www.XtremePapers.com UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level 2059/02
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w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level *8561109535* 2059/02 PAKISTAN STUDIES Paper 2 The Environment of Pakistan October/November 2010 1 hour 30 minutes Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer any three questions. Sketch maps and diagrams may be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. The insert contains Fig. 4 for Question 2, Photographs A and B for Question 2, and Photograph C for Question 3. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Write the numbers of the questions answered on the front cover of your Answer Booklet/Paper. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 Total This document consists of 18 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 insert. DC (LEO/SW) 20023/5 © UCLES 2010 [Turn over 2 1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows a map of Pakistan. N no data C A D Key: density of population persons per sq. km over 200 50 - 200 B under 50 Arabian Sea international boundary 400 0 disputed boundary km Fig. 1 (i) Name the cities A, B and C, and the line of latitude D. A ........................................................................................................................................ B ........................................................................................................................................ C ........................................................................................................................................ D ....................................................................................................................................[4] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 3 (ii) With reference to Fig. 1, explain how the population density of the area north of the line D is related to relief (topography) and water supply. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[5] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 [Turn over 4 (b) Study Fig. 2, which shows the weight of marine fish caught 1996–2006. 500,000 metric tonnes 400,000 300,000 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 year Fig. 2 The weight of fish caught in 2006 was less than in 1996. (i) Suggest two reasons for this decrease. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Describe how the weight of fish caught changed in the years between 1996 and 2006. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 5 (c) Describe how marine fishing methods can be improved. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[5] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 [Turn over 6 (d) Study Fig. 3. communications education employment food FISHING technology trade sustainability pollution Fig. 3 With reference to Fig. 3, explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing the fishing industry in Pakistan. Advantages ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Disadvantages .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 7 2 (a) Study Fig. 4 (Insert), which shows patterns of goat rearing in Pakistan. (i) Describe the distribution of goat rearing in Balochistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (ii) Suggest why the government of Pakistan discourages the rearing of goats. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (iii) Why are there many nomadic farmers in Balochistan? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 [Turn over 8 (b) Explain why buffalo are not reared in Balochistan. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[3] (c) Study Photographs A and B (Insert) showing a buffalo farm in Lodhran district, Punjab. (i) How do the photographs show that these buffalo are being kept in good living conditions? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[6] (ii) Suggest why buffalo farms can often be found around urban areas. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 9 (d) Meat provides a valuable source of protein in food, and there are many other useful products from animals. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing livestock farming in Pakistan. Advantages ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Disadvantages .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 [Turn over 10 3 (a) Study Fig. 5, which shows the sectors of employment by percentage in Pakistan. employers 0 10% 90% 80% unpaid family workers 70% 20% paid employment 30% self employment 60% 40% 50% Fig. 5 (i) Which is the largest sector? .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give an example of self-employment. .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) What is the percentage of ‘unpaid family workers’? ............................................................ (iv) [1] State two jobs that may be done on a farm by unpaid family workers. 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 2 ....................................................................................................................................[2] (v) Suggest why many farms rely on unpaid family workers. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 11 (b) Explain the push factors, other than low pay, that may cause rural-urban migration. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[5] (c) Study Photograph C (Insert), which shows a valley in Shangla district, NWFP. (i) With reference to the photograph, explain why agriculture is difficult in this area. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (ii) Name two cottage industries that could be developed in this area. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 ....................................................................................................................................[2] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 [Turn over 12 (d) Choose two of the improvements shown below, and explain to what extent these two improvements could create more employment opportunities in mountain valleys. ROAD BUILDING RELIABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY CLEAN WATER SUPPLY BETTER TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 13 4 (a) Study Fig. 6, which shows energy sources by percentage in Pakistan. HEP (hydel) others gas oil Fig. 6 (i) Name the two largest sources of energy. 1 .......................................................... (ii) 2 .......................................................... [2] Which source named on Fig. 6 is renewable? .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Suggest two sources of energy in the ‘others’ sector of Fig. 6. 1 .......................................................... (b) (i) [2] Name an HEP (hydel) power station and state the name of the river on which it is built. Name .................................................. (ii) 2 .......................................................... River .................................................... [2] Why is HEP(hydel) an important source of electricity in northern Pakistan? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (iii) Why can the supply of power from these stations be unreliable? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 [Turn over 14 (c) Study Fig 7, which shows the location of Faisalabad. to Islamabad and NWFP Riv er C hen ab I R R I G AT E D FA R M L A N D raw cotton to Lahore raw cotton raw cotton R Trimmu Barrage ive rR av i FAISALABAD Balloki Barrage I R R I G AT E D FA R M L A N D to Karachi Key: road railway river thermal power station airport dry port Fig. 7 State three factors shown on Fig. 7 which influence the cotton industry in Faisalabad. For each factor, explain its importance to the development of this industry. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 3 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 15 (d) Study Fig. 8. jobs skills COTTON infrastructure competition technology trade Fig. 8 In recent years there has been little growth in the cotton textile industry. With reference to Fig. 8, explain the advantages and disadvantages of increasing cotton textile production in Pakistan. Advantages ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Disadvantages .......................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[6] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 [Turn over 16 5 (a) Study Fig. 9, which shows an advertisement for a big company. THE BIG POWER TRACTOR COMPANY • • • Our tractors are big and powerful. They work quickly and efficiently. They can do many tasks. For sale or lease Contact Bank loans can be arranged The Big Power Tractor Company, Karachi, Pakistan Tel. 021-7654222 Fax. 92-21-7654333 Website www.Bigpowertractors.com E-mail bigpowertractors@pakcom.com Fig. 9 (i) (ii) State four ways of contacting this company. 1 .......................................................... 2 .......................................................... 3 .......................................................... 4 .......................................................... [2] Which is the slowest way of contact? .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Why does the company advertise many different ways of contacting it? ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 17 (b) (i) Explain two of the reasons given in the advertisement for using this tractor on a farm. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Why are tractors not used by many small-scale farmers? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (iii) In what ways can the government help small-scale farmers to mechanise their farms? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 [Turn over 18 (c) (i) From the list below state two imports and two exports. COTTON MACHINERY CRICKET BATS (ii) WHEAT IRON ORE SURGICAL EQUIPMENT LEATHER COMPUTERS Imports 1 ....................................................... 2 ....................................................... Exports 1 ....................................................... 2 ....................................................... [2] The European Union (EU) is a major trading partner of Pakistan. Name two countries in this trading community. 1 .......................................................... (iii) 2 .......................................................... [2] Why it is important that Pakistan trades both imports and exports with the EU? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (d) The development of wind power generators off the coast of Pakistan could reduce the country’s dependence on imported fuels. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing alternative power sources. Advantages ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... Disadvantages .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[5] [Total: 25] © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 19 BLANK PAGE © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10 20 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Questions 1 & 2 Photographs © Oxford School Atlas for Pakistan ; Oxford University Press; 2008. © Estate of Roland Strutt © UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2010 2059/02/O/N/10
