w
w
ap
eP
m
e
tr
.X
w
om
.c
s
er
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
7094/02
BANGLADESH STUDIES
Paper 2 Environment and Development of Bangladesh
May/June 2011
1 hour 30 minutes
* 7 1 7 9 8 3 2 5 5 5 *
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer three questions.
Sketch maps and diagrams may be drawn to illustrate an answer.
You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question.
The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 2.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 11 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.
DC (SJF/DJ) 34171/2
© UCLES 2011
[Turn over
2
1
(a) Study Fig. 1, a map showing the main rivers of Bangladesh. Name the rivers marked A, B, C
and D.
0 20 40 miles
N
0 30 60 kms
A
B
C
D
Fig. 1
[4]
N
East
Wes
t
River deposits
with vegetation
River deposits
with no vegetation
Flo
w
(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows a small area of the Jamuna river.
Bank
erosion
0
2.5 km
Bahadurabad
Fig. 2
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
3
(i)
Describe the patterns of:
water channels and
vegetation
that are shown on this map.
[4]
(ii)
What difficulties are faced by the people who live close to this river?
[3]
(iii)
Explain the causes of the braiding of rivers like the Jamuna.
[4]
(c) Explain how rivers in Bangladesh are affected by each of the following:
(i)
deforestation
(ii)
construction of barrages.
[4]
(d) Study the two statements below about global warming.
A
‘Global warming could have disastrous effects on the rivers of Bangladesh.’
B
‘Global warming makes people and countries work together to deal with the effects of
climate change on Bangladesh.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
[1]
(iii)
Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
[Turn over
4
2
(a) Study Fig. 3, which shows the changing percentages of Bangladeshi people living in urban
areas.
40
35
estimated
30
25
% living
20
in urban areas
15
10
5
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Fig. 3
(i)
Describe the changes to Bangladesh’s urban population from 1970 to 2015.
[3]
(ii)
Explain how landlessness may cause people to leave rural areas.
[2]
(iii)
Explain two other reasons for rural to urban migration.
[4]
(b) Study Photograph A on the insert.
(i)
Describe the types of housing shown in the photograph.
[3]
(ii)
Describe two benefits and two problems caused by the rapid growth of cities.
[4]
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
5
(c) Study Fig. 4, which shows the net international migration figures for Bangladesh.
Net migration means the numbers of people arriving minus the numbers of people leaving.
+400 000
+200 000
0
–200 000
–400 000
1985–1990
1991–1995
1996–2000
–600 000
2001–2005
–800 000
Fig. 4
(i)
Describe what the graph shows about people leaving Bangladesh.
[2]
(ii)
Name one advantage and one disadvantage of people leaving the country.
[2]
(d) Study the two statements below about rural to urban migration.
A
‘Rural services should be improved to encourage people to stay in rural areas.’
B
‘A growing population is needed in cities to meet the demand for labour.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
[1]
(iii)
Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
[3]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
[Turn over
6
3
(a) Study Fig. 5, which shows a climate graph for Dhaka.
Rainfall
mm
500
Temp °C
400
m
ax
imum
er
ag
e
40°
30°
300
av
em
ini
m
mu
200
ag
20°
r
ave
10°
100
0
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Average
sunshine (hours)
9
8
7
6
5
3
2
2
3
6
8
9
Number of
wet days
1
1
3
6
11
16
12
16
12
7
1
0
Fig. 5
(i)
Which month has the greatest difference between its average minimum and average
maximum temperatures?
[1]
(ii)
What is the annual range of average minimum temperatures?
(Range means the difference between lowest and highest.)
[1]
(iii)
What is the total rainfall for the months of January and February?
[1]
(iv)
Using Fig. 5 only, describe the climate for the four monsoon months of June to September.
[4]
(v)
Suggest three effects of the monsoon season on people in urban areas.
[3]
Explain the causes of the monsoon rains.
[6]
(b) (i)
(ii)
Rain may also be caused by depressions. Explain the cause of this type of rainfall.
Credit will be given for the use of a diagram.
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
[4]
7
(c) Study the two statements below about the monsoon.
A
‘Bangladesh people rely on the monsoon rains.’
B
‘The monsoon brings misery to the Bangladesh people.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
[1]
(iii)
Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
[3]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
[Turn over
8
4
(a) Study Fig. 6, which shows the main areas of production for three main cash crops.
0 20 40 miles
0 30 60 kms
N
Main areas of production
Sugar cane
Tea
Jute
Fig. 6
Describe the distribution of production areas for:
(i)
tea
(ii)
jute.
[4]
(b) Study Fig. 7a, which shows production figures for three main cash crops and Fig. 7b, which
shows the value of selected exports.
8 000
7 000
sugar cane
6 000
5 000
Production 4 000
000s tonnes
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1988
jute
tea
1992
1996
Fig. 7a
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
2000
2004
9
14 000
manufactured
jute goods
12 000
10 000
Value of exports 8 000
millions of taka
6 000
raw jute
and mesta
4 000
2 000
tea
0
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
Fig. 7b
(i)
How much sugar cane was produced in 2000?
[1]
(ii)
What was the value of tea exported in 2004?
[1]
(iii)
Compare the production of jute with the export of jute and jute goods for the period
shown on the graphs.
[4]
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d) (i)
(ii)
Why are cash crops important for Bangladesh’s economy?
[3]
What difficulties are there in trying to increase the production of cash crops in Bangladesh?
[3]
Name two products made out of jute.
[2]
Many of the products that can be made from jute are also made from artificial fibres
based on oil.
Suggest two advantages of using jute rather than oil.
[2]
(e) Study the two statements below about crops in Bangladesh.
A
‘Production of jute in Bangladesh should be increased.’
B
‘The most important use of land in Bangladesh is for growing food.’
(i)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
[1]
(ii)
Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
[1]
(iii)
Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
[3]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
[Turn over
10
5
(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows employment and the contribution to the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) of each sector of Bangladesh’s workforce.
Employment
0%
Contribution to GDP
0%
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
50%
50%
Fig. 8
(i)
Name two examples from Bangladesh for each of:
•
•
Primary sector
Secondary sector.
[2]
(ii)
What percentage of Bangladesh’s workforce is employed in the tertiary sector?
[1]
(iii)
What percentage of Bangladesh’s GDP comes from the tertiary sector?
[1]
(iv)
Suggest why the secondary sector contributes a higher percentage to GDP than it does
to employment.
[2]
(b) Study Fig. 9, which shows the number of teachers employed in different types of education,
an example of a formal service in the tertiary sector.
240
220
200
180
160
140
Public
Private
Thousands
of teachers 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Primary Secondary College
University
Types of education
Fig. 9
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
Madrasah
Professional
11
(i)
How many teachers are employed in primary education?
[1]
(ii)
Which type of education has the largest number of teachers in the private sector?
[1]
(iii)
Which type of education has the largest proportion of teachers in the private sector? [1]
(c) (i)
It is estimated that about half of all service jobs in Bangladesh are in the informal sector.
What is meant by ‘the informal service sector’?
[2]
(ii)
Explain why the informal service sector is so important in Bangladesh.
[3]
(iii)
What are the disadvantages of the informal sector?
[3]
(d) Finance is required if a service is to become part of the formal sector.
(i)
Name two possible sources of finance in Bangladesh.
(ii)
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of each source.
[4]
(e) Choose one from the list below of possible providers of services. For the one you have
chosen, explain what you consider are its advantages and disadvantages.
Government
Private sector
Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11
12
BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements
Question 2 Photograph
© Slum housing in Dhaka, Bangladesh; Panos Pictures.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2011
7094/02/M/J/11