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9698/01
PSYCHOLOGY
Paper 1 The Core Studies 1
May/June 2009
1 hour 30 minutes
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
*3394541155*
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Section B
Answer any one question.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 4 printed pages.
SP (NF/TC) T64680/4
© UCLES 2009
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
2
Section A (60 marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
1
In one study reported by Deregowski, the participants were shown the following picture and asked
to draw it. Give two differences between the performance of the two-dimensional perceivers and
the three-dimensional perceivers.
[4]
2
(a) Outline one strategy used by Gardner and Gardner when observing Washoe to avoid observer
bias.
[2]
(b) Why do psychologists want to avoid observer bias?
3
4
[2]
The study by Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith on autism involved three groups of children.
(a) Why was an independent groups design used in this study?
[2]
(b) Suggest one disadvantage of an independent groups design.
[2]
From the prison simulation study by Haney, Banks and Zimbardo:
(a) Give two examples of the ‘pathology of power’ experienced by the guards.
[2]
(b) Give two examples of the ‘pathological prisoner syndrome’ experienced by the prisoners. [2]
5
The study by Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin on subway Samaritans involved a number of controls.
Outline two controls that were applied in this study.
[4]
6
The study by Bandura, Ross and Ross on aggression involved observation. Outline two strengths
of the way in which the observation was conducted.
[4]
7
All studies in psychology raise ethical issues. Outline two ethical issues in the study on conservation
by Samuel and Bryant.
[4]
8
The study by Hodges and Tizard (social relationships) is a longitudinal study.
(a) Why did Hodges and Tizard use a longitudinal study?
[2]
(b) Give one problem Hodges and Tizard faced when conducting their longitudinal study.
[2]
© UCLES 2009
9698/01/M/J/09
3
9
In the study by Freud, little Hans is reported to have a phobia of horses.
(a) What explanation does Freud give for this phobia?
[2]
(b) Suggest an alternative explanation for this phobia.
[2]
10 The study by Raine, Buchsbaum and LaCasse involves Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
where scans are taken using the cortical peel technique and the box technique. Outline the cortical
peel technique and the box technique.
[4]
11 One test by Sperry on split brain patients looks at vision and speech.
(a) Briefly describe the procedure of this test.
[2]
(b) What were the findings of this test?
[2]
12 The study by Schachter and Singer on emotion involved an angry or a euphoric stooge.
(a) Give one reason for using a stooge in this study.
[2]
(b) Give one problem with the use of a stooge in psychological research.
[2]
13 The review by Gould on intelligence testing described the work of Yerkes.
(a) What did Yerkes aim to do in relation to intelligence testing?
[2]
(b) Suggest whether Yerkes was successful in achieving this aim.
[2]
14 The study by Rosenhan (sane in insane places) suggests that doctors are strongly biased towards
type-two errors.
(a) What is a type-two error?
[2]
(b) Suggest why doctors have this bias.
[2]
15 The study by Thigpen and Cleckley on multiple personality disorder involved the Rorschach (ink
blot) projective test.
(a) What were the results of this test for Eve White and Eve Black?
[2]
(b) Suggest one weakness of this projective test.
[2]
© UCLES 2009
9698/01/M/J/09
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Section B (40 marks)
Answer either Question 16 or Question 17 in this section.
16 Some studies in psychology gather both quantitative and qualitative data.
Choose any one of the studies from the list below and answer the questions which follow.
Schachter and Singer (emotion)
Thigpen and Cleckley (multiple personality disorder)
Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreaming)
(a) Outline the procedure of your chosen study.
[10]
(b) Describe the quantitative and qualitative results of your chosen study.
[10]
(c) Using your chosen study as an example, what are the strengths and weaknesses of the
qualitative approach?
[10]
(d) Suggest a different way of gathering data for your chosen study and say what effect, if any,
this would have on the results.
[10]
17 The term ecological validity refers to whether psychological research can be applied to real life
situations.
Choose any one of the studies from the list below and answer the questions which follow.
Tajfel (intergroup categorisation)
Milgram (obedience)
Loftus and Palmer (eyewitness testimony)
(a) Outline the main findings of your chosen study.
[10]
(b) Describe ways in which your chosen study is low in ecological validity.
[10]
(c) Using your chosen study as an example, what are the advantages and disadvantages of
studying everyday life in a laboratory?
[10]
(d) Suggest changes to your chosen study that might improve its ecological validity and say what
effect, if any, this would have on the results.
[10]
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reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2009
9698/01/M/J/09