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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
* 2 1 0 3 7 3 3 3 4 4 *
9693/01
MARINE SCIENCE
Paper 1 AS Structured Questions
May/June 2013
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough work.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Electronic calculators may be used.
This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
DC (NH/SW) 67098/3
© UCLES 2013
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(a) Explain what is meant by each of the following terms used in ecology.
(i)
habitat .......................................................................................................................
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(ii)
community .................................................................................................................
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(b) Table 1.1 shows the range of particle sizes found on two different types of shore.
Table 1.1
(i)
type of shore
particle diameter / mm
sandy
0.02 to 2.0
muddy
0.002 to 0.2
Compare the particle sizes of the sandy shore and the muddy shore.
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(ii)
Explain how the process of sedimentation gives rise to a muddy shore.
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(iii)
Using the information in Table 1.1 and your own knowledge, explain why a rocky
shore tends to have a higher biodiversity than a sandy shore.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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[Total: 13]
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2
(a) Fig. 2.1 shows the oxygen concentration at different temperatures in fresh water.
For
Examiner’s
Use
16
14
12
oxygen
concentration
/ mg per dm3
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
5
10
15 20 25 30
temperature / °C
35
40
45
Fig. 2.1
(i)
State the change in oxygen concentration between 5 °C and 15 °C.
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(ii)
Use Fig. 2.1 to estimate the oxygen concentration at a temperature of 45 °C.
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(iii)
Table 2.1 shows the oxygen concentration in sea water at different temperatures.
Table 2.1
temperature / °C
oxygen concentration
/ mg per dm3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
11.4
10.0
8.6
8.0
7.4
6.4
6.0
5.4
Plot these data on Fig. 2.1.
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(iv)
Describe the differences between the oxygen concentrations in fresh water and in
sea water.
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Examiner’s
Use
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(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the oxygen concentration at different depths in sea water.
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Examiner’s
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0
100
200
300
400
depth / metres
500
600
700
800
900
1000
oxygen concentration
Fig. 2.2
Explain the relationship between oxygen concentration and depth as shown in Fig. 2.2.
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[Total: 15]
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BLANK PAGE
Turn over for question 3.
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3
Fig. 3.1 shows part of a food web in a kelp forest.
killer whales
For
Examiner’s
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sheepshead
sea otters
lobsters
abalones
cod
sea urchins
kelp
Fig. 3.1
(a) With reference to Fig. 3.1, explain what is meant by a producer.
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(b) With reference to Fig. 3.1, explain what is meant by a predator-prey relationship.
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(c) Commercial fishing in this area targets cod and sheepshead.
Using the information in Fig. 3.1, suggest and explain one possible effect of commercial
fishing on the population of sea otters.
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Examiner’s
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[Total: 11]
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4
(a) Describe three pieces of evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics.
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(b) Fig. 4.1 shows one type of tectonic plate boundary.
Fig. 4.1
With reference to Fig. 4.1, explain how movements at a plate tectonic boundary can
lead to the formation of an ocean trench.
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(c) Explain how movements at a plate tectonic boundary can lead to the formation of a
tsunami.
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Use
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[Total: 13]
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(a) (i)
Explain what is meant by the term productivity, in marine ecosystems.
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(ii)
List three factors which affect productivity.
1 ................................................................................................................................
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(b) Fig. 5.1 shows variations in productivity with depth in the Northeast Pacific Ocean in
winter, spring and summer.
0
0
10
20
30
40
winter
10
summer
20
spring
depth / m
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
3
productivity / mg of fixed carbon per m per day
Fig. 5.1
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(i)
State the depth at which the difference in productivity between winter and spring is
greatest.
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Examiner’s
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(ii)
Suggest explanations for the differences between the productivity in the Northeast
Pacific Ocean in the winter and the spring.
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[Total: 11]
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(a) Runoff is important in replenishing the reservoir of dissolved nutrients in the sea.
(i)
Describe what is meant by the term runoff.
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(ii)
Suggest how runoff can be harmful to marine organisms.
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(iii)
Suggest how runoff can be beneficial to marine organisms.
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(b) The mean concentration of calcium in sea water is 0.41 parts per thousand.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Suggest why this concentration remains approximately constant.
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[Total: 12]
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University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
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© UCLES 2013
9693/01/M/J/13