QUARTERLY
ESTIMATES
OF
NEW
ZEALAND
CONSUMPTION
MEAT PRICE,
AND
ALLIED
DATA,
1946-1965"-
by
C.A. Yandle
From "An Econometric Study of the New Zealand
Meat Market with Special Reference
to Pig Meats", Unpublished M.Agr.Sc. thesis, Department
of Economics, Lincoln College.
Economics Research Unit Discussion Paper No. 11
Lincoln College, University crr Canterbury,
New Zealand
June 1968
A~ricultural
PRE F ACE
This paper is one of a series based on research carried out
by Mr Yandle on the New Zealand meat market.
In the course of this work it was necessary to compile on
a
quarterly basis the basic statistical data relating to supplies,
consumption and prices of various types of meat for the post-war
period.
The series of statistics so compiled,
including in some
cases new estimates, are presented here since i t was thought they
would be of general interest in their own right to other research
workers in the field of marketing and to persons connected with
the meat trade.
The research on which the paper is based was partly supported
by grants from the Canterbury Frozen Meat Company and the New Zealand
Pig Producers' Council whose assistance we gratefully acknowledge.
B.P. Philpott
November 1968
EDITORIAL NOTE
This pUblication is one of a series based on a thesis by
Mr C.A. Yandle entitled "An Econometric Study of the New Zealand Meat
Market", written for the Degree of Master of Agricultural Science at
Lincoln College.
The papers in this series will be:A,E.R.U, Publication No.
43, "Survey of Christchurch Consumer
Attitudes to Meat".
A.E.R.U. Technical Paper No .• 3,
Curves:
liThe Theory and Estimation of Engel
Some Estimates for Meat in New Zealand".
A,E.R,U, Technical Paper No.7,
"An Econometric Model of the New
Zealand Meat Market".
If
A,E.R.U. Discussion Paper No.
g,
"Quarterly Estimates of New Zealand
Meat Price, Consumption and Allied Data,
1946-1965".
In this series of pUblications no attempt has been made to
alter the original thesis presentation, thus where,
in a particular
publication, a section of the thesis is not presented, page numbering
has not been corrected and foot-note cross references may in some
cases refer to page numbers not included in the same pUblication.
This discussion paper consists of Chapter 7 of the thesis
and appendices C and D.
time series model.
It is concerned with the data used in the
Each set of statistics is described as regards
source, working methods employed to put the data into a suitable
form and the reliability of each set.
Graphical illustrations of
the main data sets are given along with some discussion.
actual data estimates are contained in an appendix.
The
CHAPTEH.
TIME-SERIES
DATA:
SOURCES
AND
7
ESTI1~TION
PROCEDURES
USED
Introduction
In this chapter the sources of all aggregate time-series data used
in the estimation of the New Zealand model parameters are explained.
Extensive working of some 'raw'
able form.
data was required to put it in a
suit-
Where this was necessary the procedures used will be outlined.
Presentation of the sources and procedures will follow the order; retail
~rices,
wholesale prices, wholesale-to-retail margins, export prices,
consumption
data~
income, and other data.
All data were required as
quarterly averages for the New Zealand models, although other time
periods were calculated.
Retail Meat Prices
The Government
the consumer price
These
statistics~
St~tistician~
index~
as part of the collection of data for
records retail prices of selected meat cuts.
which are collected on the 15th of each month for
specified cuts of beef,
mutton~
pork, ham 9 and bacon, were the raw data
for all retail price series.
Collected prices are reported in a Statistics Department pUblication
which will be referred to as 'Price Statistics , .
sidered
For the,period con-
form of presentation of data varied from year to year as
s;
___________
The pUblication repeatedly changed title over the period in which the
data were collected.
For full titles see References; Statistical
Series.
E~~a:t;: d
1.
th~
1
(a)
number of centres (cities or to.ins) for whicll prices
'vere collected
(b)
j
whether the data was shown as a weighted New Zealand
average, or the prices in each centre were shown separately,
(c)
the meat cuts for which data were collected,
(d)
the length of time period covered (i.eo monthly,
quarterly, annually).
Besides published data in
9
Price Statisti.cs v,
the Statistics
Department generously provided, for this study, a more detailed series
for the period 1946 to 1962.
diff~rent
Between the years 1926 and 1965 nine
groups of retail price information were available.
The groups
differed from one another in one (or more) of the above respects.
The
nine groups were:
1\0
1926 to 1930 inclusive.
Data were available as
qua~terly
averages
for each of tIle four main centres (Auckland, 1'iellington, Christchurch, Dunedin).
l-'leat cuts for which prices were collected and
used for estimating the weighted average retail price of carcase
meat are shown in Appendix C.
n.
1931 to 1942 inclusive.
four main centres.
as in period (A)
~ata
were annual averages for each of the
Frices were collected for the same meat. cuts.
except for ham,
the price of which was
nQ~
Qol-
lected frnm 1939 onwards.
1943 to 1948 inclusiveQ
As for (B) except data were the
annual avera~e of the four main centres.
on a popUlation basis q
weighte~
Weights were calculated
The price of ham does not appear in th{~
series.
Prices in 'Price Statistics' for the years 19 l1:9' to 1955 were incomplete
and not used.
1956 to 1959 inclusive.
the four main centres.
Data were quarterly
::aLI
avera~e
for each of
prices were included, Dut for o-t',er
v:eats prices for a different group of cuts :frow tllose above were
collected.
1
1960 to 1965 inclusive.
twenty~one
Pr~ce
t01vns
~
Data were 4uarterly weighted averages of
weighting between towns was on a population basis.
information was collected for the same cuts as in (J).
In addition to theLabove published
"\ 6'
dat~
the Statistics Department
S~"
was able to
pro~ide
the following additional series:
1946 to 1948 inclusive.
of the four main
Leat prices viere \ve:igllted monthly averages
centres~
the meat cuts for which prices were
collected were the same as for
1949 to 1954 inclusive.
CAl.
Meat prices were weighted quarterly
averages of the four main
c~ntres.
The cuts for which prlces were
collected were different to other groups and are shown in Appendix C.
n-
il .,
1955 only.
Meat prices were weighted monthly averages of the four
main centres! with the cuts for which prices were collected the
same as for group (G).
I.
1956 to 1962 inclusive.
of twenty-one
tQ1.vns~
Meat prices were monthly weighted averages
with the cuts for which prices were collected
the same as group (D).
For
a~l
cuts the prices collected were for first or prime quality.
To make full use of the price information available a system of
weights was required for the calculation of the weighted average retail
price of each type of meat.
Every price needed to be weighted by the
proportion that the meat cut i t referred to was of total carcase weight.
The weights used were derived from carcase cutting tests used for retail
1.
See Appendix C.
\;}. T: '.
a
of total carcase
~ercen~agG
representative or
avera~e
we~
cutting
~e~~
wiJl glve t1'E closest approxim-
Dtlon to reallty.
Lie a
t,
J:" e
t
':::1
i.1 i
i
11[;'
most reasonable
11.d llS t. yO.Y·
a Ilcl
t11e
})r'
set of weights.
i- c~
For
bo~h
ure was adopted as the cutting tests for
For
·c:a.lC"Lllatio:n. of' tIle
there was.
8,·vere~.S;E:
bo(h meats
:ce. t':iJ J
1):t
JC(~
we~e
}.)(~!~-
It was thel"ef'ore decided
C~or;'(p~e~rce)
()11
tl1G
sa!'.'e
t()
Nel~
~ealand
~eat
~pol.l:n.(l
of
disputed.
1JG:(-;~f
RetaiJers Federation.
use both the cl'!tl:ing test used d1.1ring
dal~a_
to
es-tij~·;a.tc
t:]f.?;
S8J1S:Ltiv' . it-y- of ,:["1,.8
final weighted average price to the cutting test.
This procedure was
adopted after several butchers were unable to give a
for either test!
to show a
not
proced-
however. no clearly acceptabJ,o cuttjng test.
from the carcass than did the
,:)]'1.(1
~hi5
mutton and pork
clear prerere:nce
or for any third test,
constant percentage differeTH~e~,
elastici ties estimated f'rom'
the se do. tEl, lvould not be af'f'ee ted 0.1 t l:wugh ti1.ere ,vould be a
dJ.i"-rer'eri(;~·
in the calculated wholesale-to-retail margln,
fjeC:·E.t1J.se
tIlE \.'\T}lole 'bee£''i''
saleable to consumers.
10
Chapter 1,
pp.
rnl.lttorl~.
aYld.
:por'lc ca:t'(:aSt::
i's
riot
c·.ornJ)let.cly
two series of' prices were calculated for these
12-13.
The first series 1rfhich 'ivil1 he referred to as
;l~"~
1;;aJea:)1e Cuts
i
cCl;::;Ldered the price fron: the consumer's point of vie\v.
ii:tS
average price of those cuts l'1hich are sold over the
~\Veighted
a
Fd'r example
if, of a 30 lho
9
side of mutton, Zl.1: lb.
to consumers 9 the weights were calculated with
24
is sold
lb. = 1.0000.
This
therefore is a weighted average of the price regime the consunter faces.
The second series
the 30lb
:: j;lf.:'k'S
~
c,), do
~~nfc~
hav~
<
which 1;7"i11 be called the
9
of' the previous example
=
'Total i
some commercial value, but the requisite data for value-
tion which was available indicated tha t
carcase price expressed in pence per lbo
wou]~d
ITotal'
average
be usually affected only
the second decimal place through neglecting value of waste.
pt~nce
1
This
was therefore calculated with the value of waste placed at zero
per lb.
The
'Total'
,
series therefore gives the average retail
price from the retailers point of view9 because when buying a
he
0
in no case ,vould tlJC
neglect of the commercial value of waste be serious, as
Se!~leS
(;011-
100000.
"raste dURing the time period considered ''I'as not available
:", !OYL:a
in~
series,
carcase
buys the whole carcase at an average wholesale price per lb.
an average retail price per lb.
over the whole carcase is essential to
estimate the retailer's margin.
~ost
groups of retail price data were given as the weighted
uverage New Zealand retail price for included meat cuts.
The/weights
:for each of the towns and cities being calculated on a population
basis.
In two periods however the prices related to each of the four
main centres, and thus required weighting to obtain the weighted New
Zealand average price.
This weighting was carried out on a population
basis after the average retail price for each of the carcase meats had
1.
J.H. Sproston, Managing Director, The Canterbury Bye-Products Co.
Ltd,
personal communication.
been calculated for each centre.
The periods ill 1vhich this ..vas necess-
ary were 1926 to 1942 inclusive (data groups (A)
1956 to 1959 inclusive (data group (E) above).
and (D) above), and
In both cases an
average population weight was calculated from census figures for the
mid-point of the period.
The method used is shown in Appendix C.
ham and bacon one extra problem existed.
bacon'
For
In the New Zealand vham and
model these two meats are treated as a single commodity, retail
price of each was therefore weighted to give a
price s·eries.
~acon
and ham'retail
The meats were given equal lveights (i.e. a simple
average was taken) as they
the baconer carcase.
app~ar
in approximately equal proportions in
Because of the very high correlation between the
retail prices of bacon and ham,1 the combination of the two into a
single variable was statistically desirable, and did not result in a
significant loss of information.
The method used here for estimating average retail price of each
meat has been used in several previous works.
2
The need for such a
method arises from the fact that there is no single product called
UbeefV.
In estimating demand parameters for (say) beef at the retail
level, what is being estimated is the weighted average demand of the.
whole series of individual cuts arising from the beef carcase.
The use
of the proportions (by weight) in which each of the cuts appear in the
carcase to determine average per lb. retail price of carcase meat
assumes that a butcher must sell all the cuts from a carcase in their
fixed proportions if he is to maximise profit.
It is possible for a
1.
Chapter 5, pp.
124-125.
20
See, for example:
E.J. Working, Demand for Meat, Institute of Meat
Packing, University of Chicago, 1954, pp. 31-35.
also
G.W. Taylor, op. cit., 1963, p. 81.
and
~Dalziel (Editor), "Cattle and Meat. Price Disparities - I", The
Heview of the Hiver Plate, V91. 129, No. 34.23, 1961, pp. 21-22-.-
retailer to buy ubroken meat
i
(less than a comnlete carcase or side)
j
but this practice is not common because broken meat costs the retailer
While normally the market as a whole at some stage would
more per lb.
be required to absorb the sections of the carcase not bought, in New
ZealandOs case these extra portions could in fact be exported.
local
trade in
brok~n
Ilowever
meat is slight, and for all prattical purposes
regarding the constructing of this price series may be ignored.
There are some
possib~e
inadequacies with these price series.
The
Government Statistician does not survey all cuts of meat from the
carcase, because of this cases where
ori~cut
of meat had to be
aggregated with a,nother of approxima telytlle same price occurred.
This
problem only arose with the retail prite of beef, and i t is thought
that the possible error in the accuracy of the resulting estimate is
not serious.
The use of fixed weights
de~iVed
from cutting tests are
not without problems as there are probably as many Vcutting tests'
there are carcases, and butchers.
as
The resulting weights from the tests
used can therefore at best be considered reasonable averages.
Finally,
the use of population weights to express the relative importance of
price in each of the centres surveyed is again an 'average
V
device.
It
is doubtful however lv-hether a more accurate series could be ca1culated
given the available data.
The price series which resulted from the weighting of the prices
of individual cuts was consistent between data groups,
'overlap'
between groups occurred, agreemerit was high.
Industries
maintained a
and
Commerce
Department
'$
Price
and where an
The
Control Division has
separate retail price series since 1958. and there is
close agreement as regards the movement of prices between their series
and the one calculated here, although the absolute level differs
slightly.
Prices were
calculate~
for two different time intervals.
The
first was annual average prices for the period 1926 to 1965 inclusive
to
and the second was quarterly average prices from 1946
In assessing the difference between alternative
Cuts'
1965 inclusive,
~Vttlngtests
For
beef the quarterly data from 1946 to 1965 was used,
j
the
for
O$aleable
data the average difference between all quarter1y observations
wasO.33d/lb.
In the first year the difference was o.18~/lb.and in
percentag~
Put in
based on the Meat
cutting test equal to lOOper
a.verage difference
Retailer~s
WqS - 1.
terms
~it~ th~~eries
the last year was O.52d/lb.
cent~
the
3 per cent9 with the first y.e-a;T 2 •• 1 percent
j
and the last year 1.1 per cent,.
Differences were larger with the
°Totalfseries because the
greater allowance for waste in the Meat Retailers'
important
iri
test was now
estimating average carcase price at retail.
The absolute
differences were:
o.64d/lb,
First year (1946 average of four quarters)
Average of all observations (quarierly 1946
to 1965)
10 78d/lb
Last year (1965) average of four quarters)
3.13d/lb.
0
In percentage terms:
First
year~difference
11 e.8 ,p~r.-cerit
based as above
Average of whole period
11;;'0 per:cent
Last year
11.~Q p~rcent
It-w'ould seem that the difference in the estimated price ,series due to
the use of alternative cutting tests was one of constant perce:ntage,
rather than constant absolute difference.
This
the prices of different cuts in the carcase are
resu~t
was expected as
weight~don
a percentage
basis.
It was decided to use the Meat Retailers
u
cutting tests in the
New Zealand models as this test gave a greater breakdown of individual
cuts of meat, and the wholesale-to-retail margin appeared the more
reasonable.
Listed below are the groups of data used for the final series of
retail
prices~
1926 to 1930 inclusive:
Data group
(A) was used for all five years
1931 to 1942 inclusive:
Data group
(n) was used for all twelve years
inclusive~
Data group
(c)
1946 to 1948 inclusive:
Data group
(F) was used for these three years
1949 to 1954 inclusive:
Data group
(G) was used for these six years
1955 only:
Data grbup
(H) was used
1956 to 1962 inclusive:
Data group
(I) was used for all seven years
1963 to 1965 inclusive:
Data group
(E) was used for these three years.
1943 to 1945
was used only for these three
years
The calculated retail prices, both annually from 1926 to 1965, and
quarterly from 1946 to 1965
9
are shown in Appendix D.
Wholesale Meat Prices
The raw data for the wholesale price series were wholesalers'
weekly price quotations to retailers for the 676 weeks from 1953 to 1965
inclusive.
These statistics, which were made available for this study
by confidential sources, were for wholesalers in the four main centres
in New Zealand.
To obtain a weighted New Zealand average wholesale
price series for each meat, quotations for the wholesalers in each
centre were initially averaged to calculate the simple average price in
each city.
The average wholesale prices for each of the four main
centres were then weighted on a population basis to give a New Zealand
weighted average wholesale price.
Population weights used were
~he
same as the weights for retail prices in the 1956-1959 time period.
1
Although the prices were in the form of quotations and hence subject to
change within the
week~
it was assumed
~hatprices
are true wholesale
prices as the true wholesale prices vary only occasionally from. the
weekly quotations.
The basic data for each meat was~ in~t~ally ave~age~ and weighted
to give average weekly price in eacb of the four maih centres,
weighted average Nelv Zealand weekly price.
averaged to monthlYi
quarterly~and
and the
These data were then
annu~l_averages~Because
not an even number of weeksinea6hmonth there is a
there is
problema~
to
which month into which to put each month1s.end-week observation.
The
method employed was; where four or more days of the new month were
covered by the Monday quotation of the last week in the old month,
then that weekYs quotation was included in the calculation of the new
month's average price.
Average prices for
monthly~
quarterly and
annual series are all simple averages of the weekly observations.
Wholesale prices were calculated for five different meats.
were
(a)
These
~
Beef.
Prime quality, with a carcase weight range of 501/650 lb.,
or the nearest weight range available.
were per 100 lb.
Lamb.
j
Deef price quotations
these were converted to pence per lb.
Spring lamb of prime
qual~ty,with
a weight range of
29/36 lb.
( c)
Hogget.
Prime grade, 41/48 lb.
(d)
Nutton.
~{ether mutton 9
nearest weight range
1.
or nea,rest weight range.
firs;t grad~, ·49/56 lb • weight rarige or
av~ilabl~.
See Appendix ~Part DitCalculat~~ri of Population Weight~ for the
1956-1959 period.
P orlc.
First quallty head on 61/90 lb. weignt range. or the
firm's nearest equivalento
Data were not available for all
firms~
cities, over the whole thirteen year period.
and in some cases for all
Because the sources of
data are confidential. these periods cannot be defined.
However after
careful examination of the resulting series no noticeable changes were
detected where data for a firm or city began or ended.
occasions
whe~e,
There were also
because of seasonal shortage of supply. pork was not
quoted in one centre.
The absence of a price quotation at a time of
non-availability would not, however. affect the accuracy of a weighted
average price.
Wholesale prices for ham and bacon were not available from firms'
price quotations.
A few firms do quote ham and bacon prices but they
were not in sufficient number to form a representative price series for
a
city,
or for New Zealand.
9Price Statistics'
does, however, report
ham and bacon wholesale prices for the periods:
(a)
1926 to 1930, quarterly for each of the four main
centres.
Ham is quoted as uncooked flats and bacon
as side bacon.
1939 and
19~2
to 1958.
the four main centres.
Weighted annual average of
Bacon and ham classification
is as above.
Besides these data the Statistics Department provided additional
information, using th€ same ham and bacon classification from 1946 to
1964.
These data were monthly weighted average prices to 1958, and
quarterly thereafter.
data:
Two price series were calculated from these
quarterly weighted average prices from 1946 to 1964, and a
weighted average annual series for those years available up to 1946,
and for all years 1946 to 1964.
From 1926 to 1930 the four main
centres were weighted by the population weights used for the same period
,
'
ln
re t al' 1
prlce
ca 1 cu I a t 'lonso 1
As was discussed in the estimatioQ of the retail prices, the New
Zealand vham and bacon' model required a single price variable for
ham and bacon at both the retail and wholesale level.
The method of
combining the two wholesale price data sets was the same as that
described for the retail priceso
The wholesale price data for bacon and ham did not extend beyond
For the fo4r 1965 quarterly observations the following estimation
method was employed.
The wholesale price variable for 'bacon and ham'was
determined by subtracting from the
to-retail margin.
price an estimated wholesale-
~etail
The margin in each quarter was estimated from the
average movement in the margin for the appropriate quarter over the
previous three years.
Estimated quarterly data are shown in Appendix D.
Wholesale-to-Retail Meat Margins
The method by which retail quarterly average prices have been
estimated for beef, mutton 9 Pork, ham, and bacon over the period 1946
to 1965 for New Zealand has been discussed.
Similarly, quarterly
average wholesale prices have been estimated for the period 1953 to
1965 for beef, lamb, hogget, mutton, and pork, with ham and bacon
quarterly wholesale price series calculated for the years 1946 to 19650
Using the identity specified in the New Zealand model;
+
M
t
the wholesale-to-retail margins were calculated for beef j
mutton, pork,
a~d
uh 0 m and bacon'
for the period 1953 to 1965 inclusive.
1.
See Appendix C
Part D, iCalculation of Population Weights' .
j
Thewholesale-to-retail margin data are shown in Appendix D.
Export Meat Prices
The New Zealand model required export price variables to summarise
the
~nfluence
of export market conditions on the internal market.
most desirable point for measurement would therefore be the f.oob
of bare meat on the New Zealand coast.
The
o
price
Export price variables measured
at this point would enable direct comparison for internal wholesale
prices.
Unfortunately data were not available to construct a data series
at the fooob.
Smithfield~
level~
London.
Smithfield level
(a)
and the market level chosen was ex-hooks at
The major inaccuracies resulting from choosing the
are~
Movements in freight and other costs between foo.b.
New Zealand and ex-hooks Smithfield could not be allowed
for.
In the model this would result in greater unexplained variance in the
wholesale price formation
equation~
or bias in the export price
coefficient if the movement in these costs were correlated with the
wholesale price in New Zealand.
(b)
No direct effect of meat shipped to markets other than the
United Kingdom was shown in the export price variableso
For lamb this problem was not severe as the majority of New Zealand
lamb exports are sold in the United Kingdom.
Significant quantities
of mutton were sold in other markets (especially Japan)
last three years (1962-1965)
drawn~
only in the
in which the data used for the model were
hence this problem was not serious for mutton.
Beef exports are
i
however
9
very different.
New Zealand has sold
large quantjties of beef to the United states since 1957.
In addition
New Zealand beef prices are quoted only intermittently on the London
ma:cket
c
It was noted; howe''ver, that Ne,v Zealand and ,,\.ustralian beef
prices were, when both prices were quoted, very similar in all cases
and often identical.
Australian beef prices were therefore used as an
indicator of movement in New Zealand beef prices on the London market.
As tllere were no reliable statistics available of New Zealand beef
prices in the United states, the London prices were used as the export
beef price variable.
If it can be assumed that exporters allocate
beef supplies between markets on the basis of price,
could be s8tisfactory.
the London prices
The correlation coefficients reported earlier
1
indicate, however, that the export beef prices were not as highly
correlated with internal wholesale price as lamb and mutton export
prices.
This could indicate that the export beef prices used were not
fully.satisfactory.
For most years (1955-1964)
the export price data used were pro')
vided by J.M.
Chetwin as average monthly
priceso~
These average
monthly prices were, for the New Zealand models, transformed into
average quarterly prices and extended both forward and backward to
provide a uniform data series over the years 1953 to 19650
For lamb the prices used between 1955 and 1965 were the Imported
Meat Trades Association (I.h.T.A.)
quotations at ex-hooks Smithfield.
These prices~ere reported ex-store prior to the 7th March,
were adjusted to
price between
ex~hooks
ex~store
3
1958, and
by the addition of the average difference in
and ex=hooks (0.63d/lbo) in the preceding period.
During the years 1953-1954 the estimation method was more complex.
------~---------------~-------------.-~--------------~----
10
Chapter 5, pp. 110-111.
2.Mr Chetwin collected these data as part of an econometric investigation into the demand for New Zealaftd meat in the United Kingdom.
30 Reported in: New Zealand Heat Board , 8-nnual ....E!u2Q.£.i(s) I Ivellington.
also Australian Meat Board, The Australian Meat Producer and
.~~EI Sydney.
;U'ltioning and price control in the United ;;ingdom ended in June
and t!1e wartime bulk purchase agreements expired in September of that
year.
Up to September 1954 the bulk purchase prices were therefore
used.
For the remaining quarterly observation of 1954 the price
quotation used was from a different
source~l adjusted by the difference
in price quoted between the two sources for the first quarter of 1955
(Z053d/lb.).
Hutton prices "vere assembled in the same manner as those for lamb
apart for the final quarter in 1954, this observation was derived from
')
the Central Markets Committee
method was used as for lamb.
9
Smithfield,
London.~
For beef the same
The adjustment factor for the fourth
quarter of 1954 was 1.75d/lb.
The grade of each meat for which price quotations "were used was:
Beef:
Australian frozen beef, first quality.
New Zealand ewes, first quality 49-56 lb.
weight range.
Lamb:
New Zealand first prime down cross lamb,
29-36 lb.
29-36 lb. weight range.
These data are shown in Appendix Do
For the monthly correlations reported
3 the same data
earlie~
sources were used with prices as monthly averages rather than quarterly
averages.
Data for United Kingdom wholesale prices of
supplied by Nr Chetwin.
L1:
por~
were also
The grade used was for first grade pork,
100 190 and under.
1.
Commonwealth Economic Committee, Meat
Office 9 London, 1955.
2!
New Zealand Meat and Wool Board 9 s Economic Service, Wellington,
personal communication.
30
Chapter 5, pp. 110-111.
4.
The basic source of Pork data was Commonwealth Economic Committee,
!:'lea t, op. cit.
9
Her rvIajestyO s Stationary
Ijeat Consumption
Quarterly consumption data are available from the ]\'lonthly Abstracts
of Statistics from the quarter ended December 1950.
shown in thousand
lamb and pigmeatso
tons~
bone in carcase weight
9
for
ConsUJnpti on is
beef~
veal, mutton,
Consumption data are also given for edible offals,
but were not used in this study.
The method of compiling these figures is of importance as a guide
to their accuracyo
At the point of slaughter there are four sources of
meat for consumption in New Zealand.
works, rural slaughterhouses, and
These are abattoirs,cexport meat
~eat
killed on farms.
The
l~ew
Zealand
Department of Agriculture collects data on slaughterings at abattoirs
and rural slaughterhouses, and also makes an assessment of stock killed
on farms.
In addition the department collects information from export
meat works regarding the destination of all meat slaughtered at export
works
0
New Zealand consumption is not therefore assessed as the
difference between production and exports, but is an assessment of meat
entering local trade after stock charges have been allowed foro
The consumption series is adequate except for the aggregation of
pigmeats into one grouping.
For this study i t would have been desirable
for pigmeat consumption to be divided into pork, and 'ham and bacon'
Although these
data~ere
0
not available quarterly, an annual breakdbwn
into the two classes was available in the New Zealand Official Yearbook.
This annual series has the same classification for meats other than
pigmeats as that of the Monthly Abstracts, but with pigmeats further subdivided into porker, baconer, and chopper meatso
therefore on the basis of carcase type.
.
for pork,
1•
1
The
sub~division
is
Porker carcases are used mostly
chopper carcases for smallgoods, and
bac~ner
carcases for
Some porker .carcases are used as lightweight baconers,
however no way of eliminating this source of error.
there was
bacon and ham.
Porkers and choppers were therefore aggregated to
provide a pork series,! and baconers became 9bacon and ham'
These data
0
were available annually for year ended 30th September.
The above data were used to estimate quarterly consumption of
pork9 and bacon and ham o
=
Po
1
a o + b,
1
1
Put in equation form relationships are:
i
~
=
19 4
4
=
A
a o
'2..
i=l
1
B
=
A + B=
"2: 4 b o
i=l
1
~o4 p,
i= 1 1
c
=
where a o = consumption of por;k in the
1
oth
quarter
1
b, = consumption of Dbacon and ham'
1
Po = consumption of pigmeat in the
1
Aj
in the
,th
quarter
quarter
1
A
= annual consumption of pork
B
= annual consumption of vbacon and ham v
C
= annual consumption of pigmeats.
C
,th
1
and Po are known and it is desired to estimate a o and b o for
1
1
1
9
each of the four quarters.
Expressed in the equations there are eight unknowns (a, and b'
1
1
9
in terms of six equatlons linking a. and b, to the known
1
,values p"
1
A,
,
and B.
1
Further: information is therefore required to
obtain estimates of a.
1
and b,o
1
This information was obtained from unpublished data supplied by
the Industriai Production Division of the Department of Statistics.
Data supplied were for the years ended 30th September 1957 to 1964
quarterso
j
Statistics used were quarterly production and New Zealand
by
consumption of porker, baconer, and chopper meats.
As before, porker
and chopper meats were aggregated to pork, baconer for 'bacon and
ham~
These statistics did not apply to all consumption sources of these
meats
i
but only the output from the export meat works destined for the
New Zealand market
works supplied
~n
0
From these figures it was found that the export
average of 76.9 per cent of all ibacon and ham i
consumed iri New Zealand over these eight
the porko
years~
and 3804 per cent of
It was decided that the consumption figures for 'bacon and
ham'would be the best available indicator of the quarterly consumption
pattern within New Zealand.
Because the export works supply such a
high proportion of the annual consumption of 'bacon and ham\ the vari-.
ation between the pattern of export works quarterly sales in New
Zealahd, and the New Zealand quarterly total consumption would be a
minimumo
Scope for variation was much greater with pork for example.
The quarterly consumption of 'bacon and
ha~
within New Zealand
which came from the export meat works was expressed as a proportion of
,
the annual consumption derived from the meat works o
This proportional
breakup of the year's consumption into quarters was then applied to the
New Zealand total annual 'bacon and ham' consumption statistics to obtain
estimates of q~arterlyiham and baco~ consumption, i.eo
if
x
the proportion of the export works annual sales of
=
'bacon and ham' sold in the first quarter of the year
then
y
=
the proportion for the second quarter
z
=
the proportion for the third quarter
b
b
b
b
1
=
xB
2
=
yB
=
zB
=
1
3
4
for each year o
-
(x + y + z)B
Thus the proportional breakdown of the export works annual sales
by quarters was used as an estimate of the true proportional breakdown
of annual sales into quartersD
By using four of the relationships
already available pork consumption could be estimatedo
These four
relationships were:
P.
1
=
a.
+ b.
~
i
=
1,4
Thus a.
=
P.
,... b.
~
i
--
1,4
1
1
1
1.
1
Unfortunately the estimates of the proportions were not available
for all years between 1953-and,1965,/ the period for which complete data
for the New Zealand model was required,
export works seasonal proportions could
estimates for that year were used.
In the. years for which the
be_obtain~d
(1957 to 1964) the
For all other years the average
quarterly proportion for the eight years 1957 to 1964 was applied to
the annual consumption of bacon and ham o
This method of estimation rests on the assumption that the seasonal
pattern of sales from the export works to the New Zealand trade accurately reflects the New Zealand total consumption pattern.
In support
of this assumption the following table is presented for two typical
sample years.
From Table 701 it is evident that-considerable quantities of
baconer carcases are held over in export;. works cool stores from peak
production pe~iods cifthe year.
Pr~du6tion figures vary greatly between
quarters with the seasonal tr.ends in -production and - consumption being
markedly different
0
As
the seasonal-production and consl,lmptionpatterns
are different and exports 'slight -it· is evident that supplies to the New
Zealand market from the export
factors, involving stock changeso
work~
are determined 1::>y-internal demand
It is therefore probable that the
New Zealand seasonal consumption pattern, and the seasonal pattern of
supply from the export meat works coincide.
TABLE 701
BACONER PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY TO THE NEW ZEALAND
MARKET FROB EXPORT MEAT WORKS.
Year Ended
30th Septo
Quarter
of Year Ended
30th Sept.
1957
Production
of Baconer
Meat (Tons)
SUEElies to
NoZ. Market
(Tons)
Export
(Tons)
1
2
3
4
6846
7798
2198
733
3046
4371
3218
3436
550
817
365
56
1
2
3
4
6977
7494
3174
1294
3079
5263
4070
3238
9
33
16
31
Besides the quarterly consumption data required for the New Zealand
models
9
annual consumption data were used in some of the initial simple
equations.
Apart from
pork~
and bacon and ham 9 these data were
from a series provided by the Department of
Divisiono
Agriculture~s
t~ken
Biometrics
Data from this source were for year ended 30th September, and
are for the period 1946 to 1965 inclusive.
'bacon and hamo
9
Statistics for pork and
were available from the New Zealand Yearbook only for
the period 1950 to 1963 inclusive.
Quarterly data are shown in
Appendix D.
Meat Production
~
The calCulation of the ratios AD
AM· 9 and AL required statistics
It
t
Fresh
of the fresh meat supply available to the New Zealand market.
t
meat supply availahIe will be equal to quarterly production9 hence for
the calculation of the availability ratios quarterly production was used.
These data were drawn from the Monthly Abstracts of Statistics for each
of the three meatsD
For a few observations the availability ratios were slightly
greater than unity, indicating that some meat was drawn from frozen
stocks to supplement fresh supply available.
This problem arose mostly
in the winter quarter with mutton and lamb, but even with these meats
occurred on only very few occasions.
Where this problem did arise, the
ratio was restricted to unity under the assumption that all fresh
supplies were consumed localli i
and that the frozen supplemental
supplies were marginal and sold at a discount.
Income
The derivation of acceptable income data presented problems
because income statistics were published as annual aggregate income.
No simple system of linear interpolation could therefore adequately
fulfill data requirements for quarterly income.
between annual average price
fo~
Linear interpolation
quarterly price observations, for
example, would be relatively simple because price data is presented as
annual averages not annual aggregates.
The method used here for
deriving quarterly income estimates therefore requires explanation.
For this study i t was desired that income statistics show only
income which the consumer has available as cash to spend on consumption
or save.
Private income as shown in the Monthly Abstracts or the
Official Yearbook therefore required adjustment to satisfy this
concept.
Private income net of direct taxation and undistributed
company profits was the basis "of the estimate used.
This~easur~ of
income is here termed Personal Disposable Income.
The major portion of the series was derived from the New Zealand
Figures for 1965 and 1966 were from the August
Of=icial Yearbooko!
1966 Monthly Abstracts 9 and that monthUs supplement. 2
Undistributed
company profits were not available from published statistics for 1945
1946 9 1965 and 19660
1
Estimates were made based on the percentage of
profits distributed in the two preceding years (for 1965 and 1966)9
and the two following years (for 1945 and 1946).
The method of
estim~ting
quarterly'personal disposable income from
annual personal disposable income was as
follows~
1
=
Personal disposable income in Year 1
2
=
Personal disposable income in Year 2
Yl
=
First quarter
Y2
=
Second quarter
Y3
=
Third quarter
Y4
=
Fourth quarter
Let Y
Y
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
Personal disposable
income of Year 2
Then assuming a linear rate of growth on decline in income with:in any
one year the following restrictions can be
Yl + Y2 + Y3 + Y4
=
Y
2
Y2 = Yl
=
Y3
-
=
Y4 = Y3
Y2
Y1
=
Y1
=
derived~
Y2
y ..
~
~
4
+ (Y 2 =Y 1 )
Solving for Y1 9 Y2 9 Y and Y4c
3
10
3
=
1
To(Y
=
1 (
10 2 Y 2
2
+2'Y 1 )
+
1
"2
New Zealand Official Yearbook9 opo cita! ppo 736
1965.
20
Data are for year ended 30th March shown.
9
750 9 741 and 7519
y
1
10 (3 y 2
=
3
1
= TO (4
Y4
Y
2
-
1.
Y )"
-2
1
- 12
Y ) ",
1
for the four quarters between annual observations Y
succeeding observations (ioeo between Y
2
1
and Y
2
0
For
and Y ) a slight modification
3
was made to link the first observations of the new year with the last
observation of the old year.
three then
Let
becomes~
Y4
=
the income in the fourth quarter of the preceding
t
year (10 e
then
The formula for quarterly income in year
1
10
Yl
=
Y2
= 10 (2
Y3
= 10 (3
Yll
= 10 (4
(y 3+
1
1
1
0
year two)
6 Ylt )
t
Y3 + 2 Y4: )t
3
-
3
-"6 Y4
Y
Y
2 Y4
),
t
t
r
This method of cAlculation depends on acceptance of a linear trend
in growth (or-decline) or personal diaposable income within anyone
yearo
Income
stati~tics
are shown in Appendix Dg all calculations were
in current terms because each yearis aggregate is the sum of the four
quarters in current terms.
'Year one in the above calculation was 19450
Index of Butchers' Wage Costs
An index of butchers' wage costs was constructed from the annual
average minimum weekly wage rates, for
employee
g
published in VPrice
th~ee
Statis~icsto
classes of butcher
The three classes of
employee were first shopman, second shopman and butchers 9 assistant.
The average weekly wage rates for each class were reduced to an index
(1955
=
1000)
fo~
the years 1945 to 1965 inclusive and weighted accord-
ing to the proportion of total labour employed in butchers Q shops each
class forms.
1
The weighted average index was then interpolated between
years to give quarterly observations.
This wage cost information was in terms of minimum average weekly
wage
rates~
and hence may not be completely satisfactory.
These
statistics~
however 9 should indicate the general movement in butchers'
wage costs.
It was noted that each of the three indices varied little
from the other two.
completely accurate
Thus while the weightings may not have been
the effect on the final index was slight.
9
The
quarterly index of butchers Q wage costs is shown in Appendix Do
New Zealand Population
All New Zealand population statistics used in this work were taken
from the Monthly Abstracts of Statisticso
used annual data, mean
~opulation
For the simple models which
for each twelve month period was used.
Quarterly population was the estimated population at the last day of
each quarter
g
as shown in the Monthly Abstractso
Following the 1951
census there occurred an extensive revision of previous
datao
This revision was made only on an annual basis
9
popul~tion
hence quarterly
data were estimated by interpolation between annual figures for the
years 1946 to 19500
Population statistics are listed in Appendix D.
Consumer Price Index
The consumer price index used was the official quarterly index
compi~ed
10
by the Government statistician and reported in the Monthly
The weights wereg
First shopman
0 350
Second shopman
0 0 425
Butcher~s assistant 0.225
These weights were derived from employment statistics provided by
a large meat retailing organisation.
0
Abstracts of statistics
a
The base for this index was first quarter
= 10000
1955
Discussion of the Data
In the remainder of this chapter relationships amongst the data
series estimated will be discussed o
This will proceed as a discussion
of graphical illustrations of the data setso
calculated
~ill
Tables of statistics
not be discussed 9 and have been confined to Appendix D.
Graph 701 illustrates the annual average retail prices of
mutton~
beef~
and pork from 1926 to 1965 calculated on the average per pound
retail price of, a whole carcase.
The most interesting feature of the
graph is the relative stability of prices up to 1947, after which prices
increased relatively quickly until the mid 1950 1 s, then levelled out
until 1963, after which they rose again quite rapidly.
Of the individual meats pork was
over the whole period.
i
as
ex~ectedl
the highest
price~
It is of some interest however that up until
1958 mutton was for most years more expensive than beef, when calculated on a 'Total'
of the
~mproved
carcase basis.
In the post 1958 period the influence
export prospects for beef with the opening of the
United states market lifted the retail price for beef well above that
for mutton.
In Graph 7.2 the same annual data are presented as in Graph 7.1,
but on a
.~
saleable cuts i
consumer sees it.
basis
9
thus giving the price regime as the
As was discussed earlier the main difference between
the data used in the two graphs is the proportion of each carcase which
is wasted (fat
9
bones, etc).
The relative increase in the price of
beef as shown in Graph 7.2 over Graph 7Ql is thus a reflection of the
higher proportion of the beef carcase which cannot be sold to the consumer.
In general the same trends in meat prices over time shown in
Graph 7.1 are preserved in this second
been accentuated however.
graph~
movements in prices have
Beef retail prices on a saleable cuts basis
are shown as being similar to mutton retail prices
which they diverge, beef prices becoming
price levels.
As
before~
9
up to 19q8 after
closer to
progressiv~ly
p~rk
both,beef and mutton retail prices reflect
general export price movements.
Graph
7.3 presents quarterly average retail prices for the
series from 1946 to 1:965.
evident
9
~Totali
Some seasonality in price movements is
but in general this is small compared to movements caused by
other': market forces.
The trends in
thes~
prices are as noted above.
frJlm retail prices arid bacon retail prices are shown in Graph
on a
quarte~ly
a~erage
basis.
From this graph it is evident that these
two prices move together over time
chapter.
7.4
9
a p6int
dis~ussed
earlier in this
Both sets of· prices have remained remarkably free of short-
term fluctuations
suggesting that it is quantity which adjusts to a
9
relatively constant ~rice.
This in fact is the case
9
as ham and bacon
wholesalers set the reta:i,l prices which may be char.ged.
It is also of
interest that any major increase in the price of either good has usually
occurred during
th~
final quarter of the year9 the start of the perio.d
of greatest consumption within the yearo
In an effort to avoid inter-
correlation problems these two prices were combined for use in the
New Zealand models.'
Graphs
7.5 -
export.9 wholesale
period 1953-19650
7~12
9
a'nd retail (total carcase series) ,. price for the
These graphs demonstrate the relationship between
the price variables.
lamb, pork,and
show the relati6nships between each meates
~ham
The meats are treated in the order; beef9 mutton,
and bacon'.
In Graph 7.5 the wholesale and retail prices of beef are graphed.
In general the price movements follow one another closely, with greater
variation at the wholesale level of the market than at retail.
The
greater price variation at the wholesale level could be expected where
meat retailers practise price levelling.
1
With all meats the export price used was the United Kingdome wholewholesale price,2 and will be denoted as such on the graphs.
Graph
7.6
shows United Kingdom and New Zealand wholesale beef prices plotted
against time.
Evidence of a relationship is shown by this graph, but
uncorrelated variation between these variables is evident.
This could
have occurred because the price series used to calculate United Kingdom
price was not ideal, also there was the possibility that the Dni ted Kingdo
price does not reflect true New Zealand export price. 3
There will of
course always be some variation between an export price and wholesale
price series due to the influence of other market forces,
specified in the wholesale price
format~on
such as those
equatidns.
Graph 7.7 shows the wholesale prices for lamb, hogget, and mutton.
It is evident that all sheep meat prices vary in much the same way over
time, due probably to the relationships between their export prices.
The most striking feature of the graph is however the
closenes~
which hogget and mutton wholesale prices move together.
with
Apart from a
premium for hogget the two price series are virtually identical.
wholesale prices do however show some independent movements.
Lamb
As mutton
consumption data includes hogget, the similarity of their price movementa did not warrant separating them into separate classes.
Hogget
was therefore considered as high quality mutton, the difference in price
being a quality premium, for the purposes of the New Zealand meat model.
10
Chapter 1, pp.
2.
Pp.
3·
:r
159-161.
P • 159-160.
12-13.
In Graph
7.8
the New
Zealand~
prices for mutton are shown.
movement in the two series
b~tween
9
and the United Kingdom wholesale
While this graph shows the same general
it is evident that the relationship
these variables is not a simple one, other variables having a
direct influence on the formation of the New
Zeal~nd
wholesale price.
The retail and wholesale mutton prices are shown in Graph
As with beef the influence of price levelling is
as pronounced apart from the year 1'57.
wholesale and retail prices the
the two prices.
evident~
709.
although not
In all the graphs showing
butchers~
margin forms the area between
An indication can therefore be gained of the movement
in that margin between successive time periodso
Lamb wholesale
price~
as could be
expected~
is indicated in Graph
7.10 as being strongly related to the United Kingdom price.
The strong
dependence of internal wholesale price upon export prices was expected
because of the smaller proportion of annual lamb production consumed
,within New Zealando
The dependence would therefore be more definite
than for the other meatso
None the less some divergences between the
series is present9 occurring mostly in the winter seasons when the
availability ratio of lamb tends to unit Yo
There is no wholesale and
retail price graph for lamb because retail lamb prices were not
available.
Graph 7.11 demonstrates the movement in pork wholesale and retail
pr:L'ce''s over time
0
As with the other meats the practice of meat
retailers of levelling prices is evidento
The wholesale price of
por~"
gives evidence of having a four year cycle associated with :Lt; although
regular seasonal price movements tend to mask this cyc:ieo
The
retailerUs margin is indicated as having increased with each down-swing
of the wholesale price cycleo
significant
9
This in itself is not especially
however 9 as it could be part of the retaileras pricing
policy to increase his margin to cover increased costs only at times
of falling wholesale prices.
The consumer has thus not necessarily
been harmed by this process which could be expected as part of price
levelling.
The most noticeable feature of Graph 7.12 is the
stability at both market levels
7
re~ative
price
in contrast to all the other meats.
'Ham and bacorr are marketed in a manner normally confined to manufactured
products.
Hence the price stability shown in this graph.
Graph 7.13 shows both the movements in estimated quarterly' personal
disposable
butchers~
income~
in the consumers' price indexj and in the index of
wage costs.
The vertical axis thus measures current income in
£'s per person per quarter, and represents the index scale.
The con-
sumers' price index has a base of 100.0 for the first quarter of 1955 9
the index of butchers' wage costs a base of 1955 average equals 100.0.
The income series shows a steady rise over the twenty year period
shown, apart from the post wool-boom
recession in 1958-1959.
period~
and the period of partial
These income data are in some ways a reflec-
tion of the assumed linearity of growth or decline within any one· year.
The assumed linearity,:along with the linking procedure adopted
years, can result iri ari
estimating procedure.
.over-~eacti6ni
transition
gra~h9
appear~
on the part of the income
It seems more likely, for example, that rapid
decline in income in 1951 followed by
shown by the
~ts
rapid rise in 1952 as is
was in fact not as severe as shown.
mor~
betwe~n
A smoother
probable, neither reaching the heights or
depths of the graphed figures.
A similar over..;reaction in the 1958':"
1960 period also probably occurred.
Apart from these two periods the
.linear assumption seems quite reasonable, as there are no
othe~
really
violent changes in the slope indicated between
successive years .
. r
The final three grap,hs illustrate· the levels of quarterly p·er
person consumption of sele~ted meats in New Zealand o
the consumption of beef and muttpn, Graph 7015
G~aph
pigmeats~
and Graph 7016 pigmeats, pork, and (by difference)
7014 shows
lamb, and veal,
Dham and bacon G •
The vertical scale of Graph 7016 is twice that of the other two.
All the meats shown indicate strong seasonal consumption patterns
ap~rt
from mutton, where a seasonal trertd is noticerible only oVer part
of the time period.
The relathrely slow change in consumption level of
each meat over time is also quite noticeable9 considering the general
movement inJ;'elative prices of the meats which has occurred over the
time period shown.
1
A most.illlPortant conclus.ionfrom these·graphs.can
.
.
bE'; .drawn s the share of' the market indicated as possessed by each·meato
This share will have an
estimated
G~neral
import~nt
bearing on the interpretation of some
modelco~ff'icientsa
Discussion
In this chapter the sources of data, and the methods used to work
the
dat~into
suitable form, have been explairiedo
A graphical
representation and discussion of the data has also been carried out.
The objective has been to make quite clear the strengths and weaknesses
inherent in ealCh dataseto
As always with aggregate statistics g ,the
form in which they are available is never enti:;ely suited to the use to
which they will be put (,
Thi,s description has therefore been made to
allow an evaluation of' the worth of each set of statisticso
It is
believ~d
that mostbf the series: are of good quality.
How-
ever some do have weaknesses9 and these weakriesses will influence their
. performance in the models.
the estimated models
This aspect will be discu~s~d furtherwhert
~r~~valuated~
APPENDIX
\VEIGHTING
METHODS
RETAIL
Part A:
EMPLOYED
AND
WHOLESALE
C
IN
THE
ESTH1ATION
MEAT
OF
PRICES.
Calculation of Meat Cut Weights.
Beef Weights - using the Meat Retailers_cu~t~ng test.
Carcase Side Weight = 337 lb.
Cuts for Which a
Price is Quoted
b~ the Government Statistician
(1)
1
\\feight of Cut
in Carcase (lb)
\\fei~htin~ for
ISaleable Q Series
Weight for
·uTotal Q Series
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
1926 to 1948 Inclusive
Rolled Sirloin
Prime Ribs
Rump Steak
Topside
Stewing Steak
Corned Round
Corned Brisket
Beef Sausage!!
19.0000
25.2500
14.8125
25.8750
80.5000
17.2500
15·7500
13·0000
0,,0899
0 0 1194
0.0701
001224
0.3806
0.0816
000745
000615
0,,0564
OQ0749
0,,0440
0,,0768
002388
000512
000467
000386
Total Saleable
21104375
125.5625
337.0000
1.0000
0.6274
Wastage
Total
003726
100000
1949 to 1955 Inclusive
Rolled Sirloin
Prime Ribs
Rump Steak
Blade Steak
Corned Brisket
Beef Sausages
19.0000
25.2500
36.3750
102.0625
15·7500
13.0000
0 0 0899
0 0 1194
0 4827
0 0745
0 0615
000564
0.0749
0.,1079
003029
0.0467
0 0 0386
Total Saleable
21104375
125.5625
337.0000
1.0000
0 6274
Wastage
Total
1~
0
0
1720
0
0
0
0
0.3726
1.0000
Includes other cuts of approximately the same per lb price for
which no Price Quotes were available. '
( 1)
( 2)
( 4)
(3)
1956 to 1965 Inclusive
Rolled Sirloin
Prime Ribs
Rump Steak
Blade Steak
Corned Silverside
Hince
Sausages
19.0000
25.2500
14.8125
85.6250
43.1250
10.6250
13.0000
000899
0 0 1194
000701
0.4049
002039
0.0503
000615
000564
000749
0 00564
0 0 2540
001280
0.0315
000386
Total Saleable
21104375
1.0000
0"06274
W'astage
125.5625
003726
Total
337.0000
1.0000
Be~f
Weights - USing Price Control Division cutting
Whole Carcase Weight = 711.18 lb.
t~sto
1926 to 1948 Inclusive
Rolled Sirloin
Prime Ribs
Rump Steak
Topside
stewing Steak
Corned Round
Corned Brisket
Beef Sausages
60.00
51. 37
43.04
63055
164.91
34.37
35.19
37.00
0.1226
001050
000879
0.1298
0 03370
0 00702
000719
0 0 0756
0.0844
0 00722
0 0 0605
0.0894
0 0 2319
000483
000495
000520
Total Saleable
489.43
1.0000
0.6882
Wastage
221075
003118
Total
711.18
1.0000
1949 to 1955 Inclusive
Rolled Sirloin
Prime Ribs
Rump Steak
Blade Steak
Corned Briske"t
Sausages
60.00
51.37
92.00
213.87
35.19
37.00
0.1226
0.1050
0.1880
0.4369
000719
000756
000844
0.0722
001294
0·3007
0.0495
0 0520
Total Saleable .
489.43
1.0000
0.6882
Wastage
221. 75
0.3118
Total
711. 18
/100000
0
( 4)
( 3)
( 2)
( 1)
1956 to 1965 Inclusive
001226
Oe1050
0.0879
0,,4088
0 2001
od0844
000722
000605
OQ 2814
0 0 1377
37.00
000756
0 00520
Total Saleable
489.43
100000
Wastage
221. 75
711.18
006882
0 0 3118
Rolled Sirloin
Prime Ribs
Rump Steak
Blade Steak
Corned Silverside
60.00
51. 37
43 04
Q
200.10
97.92
0
(not included
in cutting test)
Mince
Sausages
Total
Mutton Weights - Carcase Side Weight
100000
= 30.375
lb.
1926 to 1948 Inclusive
Leg
Shoulder
Loin
Neck
Chops
Total Saleable
Wastage
Total
6,,1875
5.5625
2.5625
5.4375
409375
0$2506
0.2253
001038
Oe2203
0.2000
002037
001831
24.6875
5.6875
30.3750
1.0000
008127
0 1873
1.0000
000843
001790
o. 1626
0
1949 to 1965 Inclusive
Leg
Forequarter
Midloin Chops
6.1875
11.0000
7.5000
0.2506
004456
0.3038
0.2037
0 3621
0.2469
Total Saleable
24.6875
5.6875
30.3750
1.0000
0.8127
001873
Wastage
Total
Pork Weights
1
- Carcase Side Weight
0
1.0000
= 46.375
lb.
1926 to 1948 Inclusive
Leg
Loin
BellY
lu
20.7500
304375
11.22125
0.5123
0 0 0849
0.2770
0.4474
0.0741
0.2420
An allowance has been made for the meat content of a half-head.
(1)
( 3)
( 2)
( 4)
1926 to 1948 Inclusive (ContVd)
Midloin Chops
5.09375
40.5025
Total Saleable
lvastage
Total
OQ1258
0.1099
1.0000
0.8734
5.8725
0~1466
46.3750
1.0000
1949 to 1965 Inclusive
Leg
Chops (loin)
22.0650
18.4375
0'15448
0.4552
0'14758
0 .. 3976
Total Saleable
4005025
1.0000
0.,8734
\vastage
Total
Part B:
5.8725
0.1266
46.3750
1.0000
Calculation of Population Weights.
For the 1926 to 1942 Period Inclusive
Population weights for this period were based on the 1936 Population
Census.! .
Population
Auckland
Wellington
Christchurch
Dunedin
Total
lveisaht
149,382
132,282
81,848
003666
0.2603
0.2305
0.1426
573,905
1.0000
210~393
For the 1956 to 1959 Period Inclusive
Population weights for this period were based on the 1956 and 1961
Census population in the four main centres. 2
Averasae lveisaht
Auckland
lvellington
ChristGhurch
Dunedin
:Total
1-
2 o.
0.4771
0.1666
0.2383
0.1180
1~0000
Government of New Zealand, New Zealand Official Yearbook, Wellington,
1938, p. 70 0
Government of New Zealand, New Zealand Official Yearbook, \vellington,
1963, p. '61.
TIME -
Part
A~
Year and
Quarter
(Calendar)
Quarterl;y Data.
(
SALEABLE CUTS
pr
pr
pr
B
B
M
t
t
t
Meat
Industries
Retailers'
and
Commerce
Cuttin~
Test
Test
( 1)
( 2)
1
2
3
l.!:
8039
8.40
8.82
8.8l.!:
8.58
8.59
8.99
9.01
1
2
3
4
8.41
8.42
11. 37
8.60
8.60
9.03
11. 55
19l.!:8
1
2
3
l.!:
10.92
10.96
11. 43
11. 49
110 10
11. 16
11.62
11. 69
19l.!:9
1
2
3
4
13.08
13.12
14.93
15004
1950
1
2
3
1946
SERIES
DATA.
1
(3)
8.2l.!:
8.2l.!:
9.0l.!:
9.11
)<
TOTAL SERIES
pr
pr
pr
pr
B
M
B
Pt
t
t
t
Industries
Meat
Retai.lers ~
and
Commerce
Cuttin~
Test
Test
( 4)
(5)
( 6)
( 7)
)
pr
Pt
(8 )
11. 85
11.85
12.56
12.64
5·27
5.27
5·53
5·55
5090
5091
6.19
6.20
6.70 10035
6070 10 35
7·35 10.97
7041 11.04
8.29 11. 85
9.09 12.65
12.03 15.27
5·28
5.28
5·55
7·13
5.92
5.92
6.21
7.95
6.74
6.75
7·39
9.78
10035
10.36
11.05
13.34
10.75
10.78
11. 58
11.l.!:2
14.3l.!:
1l.!:.66
15.35
15.22
6.85
6.88
7·17
7.21
7064
7.68
8.00
8.0l.!:
8.73
8.76
9.41
9.28
12.52
12.81
13.l.!:1
13·30
13.29
13.32
15.12
15.23
12.07
11.70
13.89
13.70
16.52
16.25
18.56
18.60
8.21
8.23
9.37
9.44
9.15
9017
10.40
10.48
9.81
9·51
11. 29
11. 14
14.l.!:3
14.20
16.21
16.24
4:
13.89
14.42
15.26
16.37
14.10
1l.!:.62
15.44
16.52
12.65
12.90
13.54
14.21
17.65
18.32
19·30
19.66
8.72
9.05
9058
10.27
9.71
10.06
10.63
11.37
10.28
10049
11.00
11. 55
15.l.!:2
16.00
16.86
17017
1951
1
2
3
4
16045
17.39
18.90
20.67
16.61
17.53
19.05
20.81
14.17
14.98
16.88
17.72
20.62
21.86
23.31
2l.!:.43
10.32
10.90
11.86
12.97
11. 43
12007
13011
1l.!:.32
11052
12.18
13.72
14.40
18001
19.09
20.36
21.34
1952
1
2
3
4
20.88
21.50
22.95
24.50
21.04
21.65
23.11
24.5l.!:
17.46
17.70
17.97
18.09
25.04
25.79
27.61
30.42
13·10
13. 4 9
14.40
15 . .3 1
14.48
14.19
14.39
14.61
14070
21.87
22.52
24.12
26057
1947
1.
8085
8030 11. 86
..
14090
15091
16089
0
Where a variable is as defined in the New Zealand Models~ symbol
notation is used 9 elsewhere full titles are shown.
All values are
in 2 current v terms with Quantities and Personal Disposable Income
per head~ and Prices per pound. The symbol notation is defined in~
Chapter 5, pp. 105-106.
Indicates that this statistic was either not
calculated.
available~
or not
( 4)
( 5)
(6)
31.98
15.41
15060
16.06
16.68
17.00
17020
17.73
18.41
16.81
16.95
17.23
18.19
18.55
18.69
19.00
20.05
18033
17.92
18.02
18 026
20.21
19.77
19.89
20.16
26.63
27.63
29.21
30.42
23.49
23.05
22091
22.73
22061
23.67
25 .. 38
26.58
33.56
30.24
30.98
33.75
34.13
34.30
35.47
35.19
35.16
35.97
36.94
37.74
17.15
16.33
16.28
16.56
16.41
17005
18.03
18.80
29.90
32.72
32.09
36.27
30.36
33.16
34.52
36.69
25.75
26.09
26.01
24.64
36.91
36.74
37.18
36.36
36099
35.76
35.80
36.60
37.40
36.19
36.23
37.02
24~16
2
3
4
23.76
23.88
23.84
1960
1
2
3
4
36.23
35094
36.64
38.50
36.65
36.37
37.07
38.92
1961
1
2
3
4
36093
35.89
35.11
36.72
37.35
36.30
35.51
37.14
1962
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
35.83
35.52
35.53
35.93
36050
36.69
38.41
40.49
36.25
35.95
35.97
36.36
1964
1
2
3
4
39056
41020
42038
43.49
1965
1
2
3
4
43095
44.86
45.62
47.53
(1)
( 2)
(3)
24.57
24.86
25.61
26.59
26.80
27.01
27.46
29.00
24.70
24.99
25076
26.75
18.06
18.32
19.28
20.33
26.95
27.16
27.61
29.14
20.37
20.57
21. 25
21.78
2
3
4
29.21
28.56
28.72
29011
29·37
28.73
28.89
29029
21. 48
22.44
23.05
23.81
1956
1
2
3
4
27.33
26.02"'25.96
26.39
27.85
26.51
26.43
26087
1957
1
2
3
4
26.15
27.17
28074
29.96
1958
1
2
3
4
:1
1953
1
2
3
4
1954
1955
1959
1963
1
2
3
4
1
32.l15
34005
3 1.1:. 50
34.21
34.52
35.14
35.51
( 7)
(8)
14.68
27.93
28.34
29.74
30,13
111:089
15.67
16.53
16.56
16.72
17.27
17.70
29.88
30.15
30.69
31.01
19.16
18.25
18.19
18. l/:9
17046
18024
18.73
19035
19.09
18074
18062
18.48
29.81
29095
30,98
30.74
18033
19.02
20.12
20.94
18.37
19.2 l1
20062
21.60
30070
31. 42
32.26
32.96
18.76
20.53
21. 39
22.76
20.89
22.82
23.76
25.25
20093
21.21
21. 14
20.02
32.23
32.09
32.47
31.76
35.68
35.84
37.05
,37.57
23.21
22.44
22.46
22,,95
25.74
24.91
24.93
25.47
19.64
19.31
19.41
19.38
31. 16
31.30
32.36
32.82
22.36
20.74
22.26
23.70
37.86
38.26
40.20
41.10
22.73
22.55
22.99
24.14
25.22
25.03
25051
26.79
18.17
16.86
18.09
19.26
33·07
33.42
35011
35.89
21. 99
21.66
22.24
23·12
22042
22.57
40.77
40.52
41. 89
42.80
23.17
22051
22003
23.04
25.71
24.98
24.44
25.56
22.74
41. 38
40036
40.90
41. 02
22.48
22029
22.29
22.54
35.61
35·39
36.59
37.38
36014
35.25
35.73
35.82
36.94
37.14
38085
40091
23.07
23027
24048
26009
40090
40.07
41. 30
41. 73
22090
23002
24010
25.41
24.95
24074
24.75
25·02
25.42
25056
26.74
28018
17087
17.61
18.08
18.79
18022
18034
18.32
18.48
18075
18.91
19.90
21 020
35073
35000
36.07
36045
40005
40070
42.86
43097
44.47
45034
46.16
48.05
25056
25043
27049
28080
41.48
41.68
43.49
45008
24082
25023
26.59
27028
20077
20067
22034
23.41
29.16
29.42
30.18
30.59
45.62
46.22
47.13
48.14
27057
28014
28.62
29.82
36023
36040
37099
39037
39.85
40037
22.5 l1
27056
28001
29.50
30026
30.60
31. 24
31. 77
33.07
23.70
23.91
2lL 52
24.86
29.31
26.41
27.06
29048
l.l:1016
42.04
D
Year and Retail Price Retail Price
Quarter
of Ham
of Bacon
(Calendar)
wp
wp
B
t
Lt
Ivho1.e sale
Price of
w
PH
1l..L
wp
P
t
t
Ho~~et
( 14)
( 15)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
(10)
( 11)
18.19
18.20
18021
18 21
*
*
*
*
*
*
-*
4:
*
*
*
*
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
18 24
18.25
18036
23.29
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
23.18
23.19
23,29
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
3
4
39.30
39025
39019
41053
23065
23.61
23.76
26022
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
3
4
41054
41054
4L58
44.41
26028
26.26
26.24
28065
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
:3
4
45.05
48 94
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
49011
54036
28.96
32030
3'dl.:31
35.26
~,
*
*
*
1
2
3
4
_ 57.00
57.00
57000
66.11
36.77
37.02
36.69
42.11
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1953
1
2
3
4
66.30
66.30
66.30
66.75
42.34
42015
42038
42,,46
12.85
12061
13057
-14.45
15072
16.02
17.78
18.31
11053 9085 22.90
12052 11.02 23036
15.44 13·95 25.19
16.03 13.96 23.81
1954
1
2
:3
4
69.43
70.68
70078
70.99
44029
45.20
45022
45.16
13.76
13.80
14.40
15.57
17.82
18.35
19.66
25·12
13.54
14.37
16.19
15082
110 47 23.44
12044 23.74
14.34 25·20
13076 24.26
1
2
:3
4:
69,,07
68098
69,,07
75,,38
43013
42.99
42,,98
45,,05
15002 22.27
13023 21032
13077 22016
13~91 24.49
15672
15054
17002
17.50
13059
13048
15006
15029
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1955
1
2
3
0
0
0
23031
*
*
*
*
*
( 12)
( 13)
(9)
*
*
*
12.60 17.00
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
9·30 21. 47
19024
18636
22069
24025
D iv
( 9)
(10)
( 11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
( 15)
75099
76004
78.47
80.73
45.21
45023
46003
46094
11.87
10.76
10.90
10.79
20.88
19.94
18.19
20.07
15.93
16018
16. 15
16.69
13.76
13.50
13·12
13.88
22.12
25.43
27.08
'28.08
2
3
4
81094
83007
84.43
84058
47093
48079
49.90
49.78
10.56
12.10
14.33
14.58
20.27
23.29
24019
24.75
16008
20.46
21 020
20.93
14.29
18.12
18013
27.16
28.67
29.21
27.98
1958
1
2
3
4
84.60
84.77
85.04
82.90
49078
49079
49084
48.07
13.58
15.96
17073
18.83
19.37
18.44
18087
19041
17.48
17.15
16030
15·70
15.84
15.07
13077
11. 99
26.61
25.06
26.93
24.68
1959
1
2
3
4:
81. 56
81. 54
81. 34
86.02
47.12
47.03
46.89
49051
17091
15.78
17.43
18.33
18.25
16.81
17061
17071
14.99
13.29
14.83
13.87
11. 94
10.36
12.02
10.81
22.84
23.90
26.81
25.78
1960
1
2
3
4
92.79
92.70
92.67
93.94
54.24
54.34
54.19
55.10
17.33
17034
18051
19.00
16044
17.39
20.12
23.20
12.35
13.51
16.42
17.55
9.58
10.43
12.98
13.81
25·75
26.52
29.26
28.95
1
3
4
95007
96087
97.35
97.38
56.04
57.22
58.23
58.94
17.50
16.91
17.42
16.94
16.77
16.58
18.04
17.95
15.48
15.51
17.28
15.24
11. 97
11.91
13.78
12.19
27.94
28.43
30.42
28085
1962
1
2
3
4
97.74
97.76
97.68
97068
59.36
59.37
59.43
59.40
15059
15040
15.91
16.40
14.78
15.63
18.74
18.62
13.07
13037
13.96
14.56
10.46
10.63
11.17
11. 41
26.75
26.07
27.51
26.88
1963
1
2
3
4
97.51
97.29
97.32
97.31
59.03
58.51
58.45
58.36
16.66
16.57
18.90
20.11
16.80
16.55
20.49
19071
14.70
17004
17.18
11064
11.90
13.91
14'.20
25.01
24.07
26.54
25.72
1
2
3
4
97.52
98.23
98.25
104.34
58.60
59.22
59.29
62.37
17.44
18.35
20.26
20.93
16.83
18.69
22.30
23.55
15.14
15.65
19.79
19.55
12.64
13.13
16092
16.48
24.98
26.14
29.27
30.80
1
106.43
106.74
106.87
109.15
63.99
65.56
65.72
65.73
20.22
19066
20.80
21.36
22.37
23018
24034
22.62
19016
19.48
19.88
19.44
15.81
16.23
16.48
15.93
30.
1956
1
2
3
4
1957
1961
1
2
1964
1965
2
3
4
14~73
17~51:!:
l1: 1
29.45
31.40
31. 78
Year and
Quarter
(Calendar)
lvholesale Wholesale
Price of
Price of
Ham
Bacon
( 16)
( 1 ()
1
2
3
4:
14053
14.58
14063
14.63
1
2
3
4
1948
MB
t
HN
t
Iv~
Wholesalet
Wholesale~
to~Retail
to=Retail
MarSiin for MarSiin for
Ham
Bacon
(18)
( 19)
(20)
( 21)
(22)
13074
13.91
14.25
14025
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
14.61
16025
17054
18025-
14002
13.70
13.88
18014
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
2
3
4:
18072
18.88
18.88
19.10
18017
18049
18.48
18.46
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1949
1
2
3
4
19.13
19.13
19.13
20.31
17.98
18000
18.00
19096
**
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1950
1
2
3
4
20.51
20.71
20029
22 048
19.99
19094
20016
22.13
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1951
1
2
3
4
22.86
24.16
24.50
26086
22.26
23.73
24005
26.81
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1952
1
2
3
4
28050
28.50
28075
33.00
29.39
30013
30032
34046
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1953
1
2
3
4
33.00
33.00
33000
33008
34038
34088
34088
34.96
2.56
2.99
2.49
2.23
4.83
3087
1072
2.57
5.03
-4098
4055
6.32
33·30
33.30
33030
33.67
7.96
7027
7.50
7050
1954
1
2
3
4
33.75
34.38
34038
34.38
35.56
36021
36.21
36017
3.05
3.15
2.62
5 ~'09
4028
2.93
3094
6.44
6.41
5.49
6.75
35068
36030
36.40
36.61
8b73
8099
9 01
8.99
1
2
3
4
32.89
32081
32.81
36038
33.96
33096
33.64
35063
3.31
4.69
4.25
4035
3087
4.76
3.67
4006
10007
8005
4.37
5.23
36.18
36.17
3-6026
39.00
9.17
9.03
9034
9.42
1946
1947
1955
2~83
0
( 16)
(17)
( 18)
(19)
(20 )
( 21)
(22)
36t38
36.38
37.79
38.50
35.63
35.71
36.34
36.63
5.28
5.57
5.38
5.77
5.33
5.24
5.5 0
4.60
7.69
4.52
)090
2.66
39.61
39.66
40.68
lJ:2023
9.58'
9.52
9.69
10.31
2
3
4
38.92
39.54
40.25
40.42
37.07
37.97
38.40
38.50
5.85
4.95
3.70
4.22
4.08
1. 70
2.50
3.47
3.54
2.75
3.05
Ii. 98
43.02
43.53
44.18
44.16
10.86
10.82
11. 50
11.28
1958
1
2
3
4
40.75
40.83
41.00
39.17
38.67
38.67
38.67
36.97
5.18
4.57
3.66
3.93
5.09
6.14
7.37
8.03
5.62
7.03
5.5 L1
7.08
43085
43.94
44.04
43.73
11. 11
11.12
11. 17
11. 10
1959
1
2
3
4
37.75
37.75
37.75
41. 50
35.75
35.75
35.75
39.75
5.30
6.66
5.03
4.62
7.70
8.95
7.39
8.57
8.32
7.40
5.55
7.04
43.81
11:3.79
43.59
44.52
11. 37
11.28
11. 14
9.76
1960
1
2
3
4
44.50
44.50
5.40
5.21
4.48
5014
8.59
6.43
5.11
5.45
7.32
6.90
5.85
6.94
48.29
48.20
48.17
48.69
11.49
11. 59
45.25
42.75
42.75
42.75
43.75
1961
1
2
3
4
45.25
47.50
47.50
47.50
43.88
45.75
45.75
47013
5.67
5.60
4.61
6.10
5.90
5070
4.30
6.60
7067
6.96
6.17
8.53
49.82
49037
49085
49.88
12. 16
11.47
12.48
11.81
1962
1
2
3
4
47.25
47.25
47.25
47.25
47.13
47013
47013
46.50
6.89
6.89
6.38
6.14
7076
7.71
7.15
7.07
9.39
9.18
8.22
8.94
50.49
50.51
50.43
50.43
12.23
12.24
12.30
12.90
1963
1
2
3
4
46.25
46.25
46.25
46.25
44.75
44.75
44.75
6.24
6.45
5.20
5.30
7.11
7.01
5. '99
7.00
10.72
10.93
9.53
10.73
51.26
51.04
51.07
51.06
14.28
13.76
13.70
13.61
1
2
3
4
46.25
47.25
47.25
\!0.75
44.75
43.88
43.88
7.38
6.88
6.33
6.35
8013
7.54
5.42
6.93
11. 25
10.26 .
8.72
8.57
51. 27
50.98
51.00
~3 .59
13.85
15.34
15.41
11. 99J
7.35
7.89
7.68
8.04
8093
9.44
10.92
9.76
10.26
1956
1
2
3
4
1957
1964
1
44~50
44~75
50.3~
"'v
1965
1
2
3
4
50013
50.13
50.13
52.46
11. 4L1
11.35
"V
8. l1:8
7.82
8.46
34.08
35.02
35.17
34.98
Year and
Quarter
(Calendar)
1946
1
*
2
3
*
4
2
1948
1
2
3
4
1949
1950
1952
1953
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
16050
1
*
2
*
3
*
*
1
*
*
2
*
*
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
3014
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
4062
3.41
15.49
16010
15081
16037
2.07
2090
2049
3061
6014
5.15
4050
3089
26.52
28041
26078
23.90
2082
2047
1079
2.88
15091
16051
17018
16082
2.19
2030
2015
2.79
5.15
4032
3.76
3019
26.93
30 002
29021
27074
2.89
2076
2.29
1
*
*
2
*
*
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
16081
16.81
16081
17.50
20027
20027
20.27
21. 47
9.70
9070
9.70
9075
25.18
26026
26.63
23.64
2.42
2.30
2.07
3.02
15.17
16096
16085
16007
1. 82
1.82
1. 80
3018
4.23
3.54
3009
3062
17.50
17.50
17.50
17.75
21. 47
21.47
21. 47
27014
9.75
9.75
9.75
9039
24046
27.40
26.85
23079
2015
1. 93
1. 49
2.85
16.42
17055
16.51
16071
3004
2049
3.72
4.80
4004
3053
4.21
27.02
65
27.63
27.09
9059
10060
12.10
13067
24.07
25059
26039
24073
2.52
20 ll1
1. 36
18.19
2.90
18000
3035
2.96
2.99
4.70
5058
4.70
4.10
L1:o 51
3
4
1
2
3
4
1955
t
1
2
1954
PM
2
l1:
1951
E
1
2
3
4
17.90
15.60
17070
16.90
2l1:
0
*
*
17093
17094
2. L14
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
1
2
3
4
11± • 80
2 llo 86
12.02
24.40
2. l17
13080
15060
23016
9030
8 0 70
27046
1.85
27040
1. l13
17028
24064
2084
17044
2065
4.4 lJ:
4041
9040
1
2
3
4
14.20
15.90
12.80
12.20
27093
12000
1)018
25082
10.11
27085
26.43
2.02
1091
1,20
2.67
17.75
16,88
16.07
15.34
208 11
28027
27.5 11:
26029
2.55
1.96
21:.22
5.83
4028
4053
4.20
1
2
3
4
15090
20.90
20.10
20.20 .
24.12
23.44
24.57
27.00
12.42
11. 42
11. 61
11.72
26058
27.00
25094
2056
2065
1.85
16.64
17.28
16.97
2081
2.70
2067
6005
5015
2 040
21076
3087
18018
50"75
2028
1
2
3
4
20.80
23.67
21.23
18.87
19.67
10029
22053
25.18
2300 l l:
21.55
2.60
3.27
2020
4.65
18.87
21.04
18,64
20.03
3075
4000
3.26
4.115
5002
1
2
3
4
22060
25025
24081
9.63
11. 36
10.10
11. 56
21. 92
24.18
3.59
3".21
2.72
3082
21. 17
20.31
19.73
19066
3087
4015
5.02
3.32
3069
4031
3035
11053
11083
9034
10.27
21.06
3.71
3.70
20.50
3.44
3.49
5056
4093
3021
18.81
22.55
5.00
18055
11.07
11045
11.94
11. 23
24005
25.14
5.06
20025
1907 lJ:
3.06
6026
4006
3001
25073
3077
24.53
4053
19055
16062
2090
5.65
4.83
3 082
3086
4.86
40 l11
3068
4079
2-2.37
18.80
20.09
20.10
3·27
3.10
3. 115
4.55
4062
4022
3086
3.45
5012
4.43
5.05
5010
3085
4005
2098
3.07
4.74
5012
4032
3076
13070
21020
22.20
20.20
22.60
21.40
21000
19080
26007
25094
26024
23036
21. ll:3
20004
808 lJ:
8.60
8.81
8.38
27093
23058
19048
(28)
(29)
(30)
17092
2066
18.10
2.77
5099
5005
1
2
3
4
19.20
19.40
19.90
1
2
3
4
20060
20.70
21.90
19046
21.23
23061
1
2
3
4
17.71
20.44
20094
21089
22.32
22.32
24097
24019
11. 16
1300 11
13.14
12013
24.31
27001
27046
22.97
1
2
3
4
24.39
26.89
26.56
24006
23.07
26043
28.97
13067
14.65
15.85
15.21
23052
5045
24.87
26.04
22.76
4.23
3.52
4043
20.40
18.65
17.36
t8.76
1
2
3
4
24.89
26.47
28.71
27.74
28.14
28.19
26.66
23.33
26.98
4075
18.75
14030
3.99
17090
11. 39
10096
27083
3004
22017
4043
17.12
15098
25046
18.05
20059
24077
23007
29002
15048
2403 11
2 ll:o 86
19053
2066
5031
4008
5042
4039
5061
4045
4 004
3069
4095
40 11 0
4.93
305 l1
Year and
Quarter
(Calendar)
AB
A
t
Lt
( 31)
(32)
Y
A]\1
't
( 33)
t
(34)
It
(35)
New Zealand
POEulation
(36)
New Zealand
Consumers Q
Price Index
(37)
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
39.12
40.58
42.02
43.44
583
587
590
594
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
44.94
46.20
1,799.334
l17045
48.69
597
609
622
634
1~8089393
1~817,453
627
635
638
670
1948
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
49.91
49.50
49.10
48.70
646
646
647
647
1,826,541
19 8 35,630
1,844 9718
1,8539 806
693
697
690
695
1949
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
48029
50.74
53.17
55.57
647
661
675
689
1,863,365
1,872,924
1,892,042
699
701
709
712
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
57.98
61. 87
65072
69054
703
733
763
793
1,900,939
1,909,836
1,918,733
1 9 927,629
713
736
760
773
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
73.27
69084
66.49
62094
823
827
830
834
1,938~0:J2
1 9 947,438
1,955,623
1,970,522
784
817
844
865
1
2
3
4
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
59.48
62084
66009
69.14
837
847
857
867
1,984,730
1,994,704
2,/007,508
2,024,556
876
888
898
905
72.29
72.64
72088
73008
877
900
923
946
2,037,553
2 9 047 i1 4 05
2.060,680
2,074,781
914
924
935
955
969
977
985
992
2,087,740
2,092 9 819
20102,532
2,118,434
963
979
980
978
1000
1004
1008
1012
2,130,937
2 9 1 36,193
2,147,113
2,164'/73[1
992
1001
1003
1003
1946
1947
1950
1951
1952
*
*
*
1
2
3
4
0.5872
003524
0 0 8390
007526
000821
001906
0,,3985
1.0000
Oe7641
1954
1
2
3
4
004471
0.3932
007660
005474
000180
000354
006667
000475
0~2280
73032
005857 75.26
1.0000 77.02
0.5524. 78.53
1955
1
2
3
4
004164
0.3506
006951
005718
0 0227
000516
100000
002808
005361
1.0000
00637 11:
1953
000209
000341
0,,8261
0
0004 112
80.15
80.83
81029
81. 49
1 ~ 7tH ~ 166
1~754~516
1~767~865
19781~214
1,790~274
1,882~483
624
623
623
623
1956
(31 )
(32)
( 33)
(34)
(35)
(36)
(37)
000229
000435
100000
0 00528
002775
0.4958
100000
007167
81. 95
83000
83.65
84008
1016
1031
1046
1060
2,175 9373
3
4
0.4003
003423
0.5839
006106
1013
1027
1049
1049
1
2
3
4:
0 03832
0.3068
0 6534
0 06544
000183
0 00417
008000
000462
002973
0.6199
100000
008857
84.74
86.67
88.34
89081
1075
1078
1082
1085
1
2
0.3724
002910
007189
0.5488
000243
000434
0.5429
000616
0 .. 2991
0.5906
009943
0.6963
91. 50
88093
86.01
83001
1088
1090
1091
1093
004561
0.3172
0.6260
005791
000247
0,,0440
0.5750
0.0728
002606
004611
1.0000
0.9548
80035
85.74
90081
95.67
109 l.l:
1111
1127
1144
2,331,126
2 93 4 39392
2,359,746
1139
1142'
1154
1150
004028
003176
0.7090
005822
000268
0.0573
009063
000486
0 ... 2738
0.4674
1.0000
007962
100.71
99040
97.62
95060
1160
1168
1176
1184
2,370,106
2,37 1 9 760
2,384,469
2,403,567
1145
1147
1157
1168
0.4120
0.3338
0 6422
0 5391
0.,0325
000568
1.0000
0'00527
002634
0.5538
1 00000
0.7338
93095
95.81
97.05
98023
1192
1196
1200
1203
2,414,296
2,420,292
2~463'i241
1163
1163
1181
1193
004196
003222
0'05071
0 05349
000462
000788
0.6462
000501
0.2464
0.'6152
1.0000
0.6875
99.71
10L91
103.89
105.46
1207
1217
1227
1237
2,477,297
2,485,466
2,498,427
2 9520,670
1197
1201
1210
12.18
003716
0 3161
0 7146
0.5828
0,,0458
0 00796
0.8936
0.0520
0.3059
0.5772
100000
0.8493
107.41
109.57
111. 25
112.67
1247
1253
1260
1266
2,533, 41 9
2,538 9033
2,553 9573
2 9 574 9 588
1219
1224
1233
1245
003977
0.2871
0 06763
0.6124
0 00469
000824
0.9762
0.,0477
0.2676
0.5192
1.0000
0.7407
114.27
115.57
116.50
117.02
1272
1291
1310
1329
2,590,787
2,594,420
2,606,7 1 9
29 62 7,483
1250
1261
1280
1301
0.4472
0 3601
0.6191
0 5995
0.0474
0,,0736
004675
000531
0.2503
0.6720
1.0000
0.7764
117.92
120038
122.13
123.62
1348
1367
1386
1405
2,640,117
2,640,379
2 9656,289
2,677,198
1304
1306
1323
1332
1
2
1957
1958
3
4
1959
1
2
3
4
1960
1
2
3
4:
1961
1
2
3
4
1962
1
2
3
4
1963
1
2
3
4
1964
1
2
3
4
1965
1
2
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.'
2~177~937
29 1 90 9 741
2~209~132
2 9 221,169
2~229~437
29 24 39 86 7
292629814
2<j275 9 515
2~2819538
2,297~002
2~3159900
2~3261129
2,441~414
1041
1056
1063
1068
1069
1080
1130
1137
D(b)
£~E~ D~_,....!:02!~~~·~.~_:"} a t ~~ ~
_._~' ~::.:~:.~lIf S
1
~-.~-~-~.~,~-.--.-.---".,-~-~-.,---,~,.-
..
'~'''Year
'B
~.
Meat
t
~tetai16rs'
<~~~uftiE.LTe s i~-'
( 1)
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
19411
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
196 11
1965
1.
6095
6051
6,,89
7.61
7051
6.32
5.57
5'.27
5.69
6.03
6.58
7.22
8.04
8.33
8.80
8.56
8.33
8.51
8.62
8.65
8.61
9.26
11.20
1 11004
1'1. 99
18.35
23.43
25.41
27.57
28090
260 112
23.00
33.25
36.28
)6.22
36.16
35·70
3eu02
'.I. 1 . l~·l
115.49
~P~~~T. .·: '
----,.-...
~
SALEABLE
Calendar
i
CUTS
pr
TIt
Industries
and Commerce
:;:uttin Test
(2
r
7011
6.68
7.06
7.78
7.67
6.48
5.71
5,,40
5.82
6.18
6.73
7.38
8.20
8. 119
8.94
8.72
8.50
8.68
8.79
8.82
8.79
9. 1111
11. 39
1 11.2 11
15.17
18.50
22058
25.55
27.73
29.07
26.91
28. 1,8
33068
36.71
37025
36.56
31).13
33. ll7
41.90
46.01
Fl~it
pY"
L • ,
t.
J
TOTAL.. _-------"-_.
SEIU2S
._-._--_
.,.."r'
"13
..
iJ..L.
t
:·:eat. Retaile,:t"s'!
':Ci!'. ti.-.£L!:.~ s t~
_,r
l}fi
't
pr
P
t
Industr.i6s
(5 )
----TG)'-'-~
( 7)
(8)
7·97
7.2 11
7068
8.12
7.50
5.35
11094
11. 95
6.33
6078
7.13
7·72
8.10
7.61
8.56
8.26
8.32
8.39
8.53
8.62
8.66
9.43
11.13
12.84
13.33
15.9 11
17.80
19.00
20.99
11083
i 1.5 11
10.91
11.28
li.88
9088
8.69
8.28
8.96
.9· 32
9·55
10.17
11.45
11. 81
12.19
11.98
12.05
12.16
i2.12
12.12
12.22
12.91
111. 89
17.48
11090
60
Ii. 26
3 11. ~11
22.G9
}2,,13
11.36
4.08
4.33
4078
4.71
3.97
3·50
3031
3.60
3.78
4.13
4.53
5·04
5.23
5·52
5.37
5.23
5.34
5.41
5.43
5.40
5.81
7.02
8.81
9.40
1L51
14007
15.9 11
17·30
18013
lfi.58
17.57
20.86
22.76
2"S.10
22.69
6.48
5.89
6.24
6.60
6.10
11.35
4.02
4.03
5.14
5.51
5.80
6.28
6.58
6.19
6.95
6.71
6.76
6.82
6.93
7·00
7.04
7.66
9.05
10.44
10.83
12095
14,117
15.44
17006
18.44
18.73
19.96
20083
19.43
10.34
10.08
9.53
9.85
10.38
8.63
7.59
7.23
7.83
8.14
8.34
8.88
10.00
10.32
10.65
10.47
10.52
10.62
10.59
10.59
10.68
11. 27
13.01
15.27
16.36
19.70
23.77
29.0 11
30.43
28 .. 06
30.37
31.84
32.14
31. 19
34.37
3602 11
35.73
35. 81
22.56
33 . 25
23.05
211. 56
25.62
23·91
22.27
22.26
22.57
2 11.23
3 i'.77
26 . E2
/:.'],. S'')
29.8 1,
3G .'!5
3G.79
3(; 5 /J:
0
3903G
il1.50
L}C' 91
/11.
co
1:,.6 ~ 72
Retail Price
of' Dacon
--_.
C~1rtti;;g T'~t
(/1 )
27 .. 22
M~_'
and Commerce
(:3)
le.73
-Reta·i.l Price
--o
f Ea;;;--'
___
'1.
5·35
5028
4. 116
3093
3.72
11. 01
11.26
1.. 63
5.08
5.6 11
5.84
6 16
6.00
5.85
5.98
6.05
G.07
6 . 05
6.50
7. C.ll
9 80
10. 114
12.73
1505 11
17 .. 58.
19~C7
2C.Ol
1~: .. 5 2
1{)
c
6('<
'2~·" 1S
.'25 10
25. ;".l:
a
35~17
22.IW
;1,.::'1
2'}086
25.98
2805 1,
2.f . :.3
.:~::. ~
l:·2
31. 67
See footnote 1 f'or Appendix D, Part Ao
Indicates that this statistic was either h6t available, or net calculated.
13 .. 10
le.09
1B.3 11
19.69
21.80
24.25
37·S0
40.86
(9)
*
*
,.
39.82
'±2.27
49.37
59.28
66.41
70.47
70.62
77 .81
83.50
8 11. 33
82.61
93·03
96.67
97072
97.36
99 .. 59
107.30
(10)
16072
15.78
15.29
15. lt8
16.09
13.45
11085
11.67
12.72
14.115
14.29
16.35
17.22
17.56
17.98
18.17
17.93
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.20
19.53
23.24
24.31
26086
32.21
38.15
42033
1111. 98
43.54
115085
49010
49.39
117.66
54.117
57.61
5').39
50.59
59.87
65.25
172
'±5
'10
r
I
G.RAIn 7.1
l\"EW ZJ.c~\LAI'\.')
"\l.\i\U"~L
·-\".f:'::~·t,\Gl~ HSTAIL 2'".::;;\.T' P.nIC:~S
y
'['(,:1'.\.1.
CAHC.\.SE'i
1926~-1965
,3 :.~;.:l~i:S ~
35
Porl:"':
v
§ 30
o
Deef
p.,
S-;
Ql
p.,
25
Ql
C,)
~
Ql
20
i'lutton
15
10
.~
-~--->"
5~
Years
- 173
Ij
5
~
GRAFH 702
NEW ZEALAND ANNUAL AVERAGE RETAIL
':3,\l,)1ABLE CUTS'
40
~iEAT
SEHIES
PRICES 1926-1965
0
35
':)
§
30
0
""
""
~
<1>
l,:utt ()~,
25
<1>
()
r::
,<1>
20
15
10
5
o l.~
1926
~~L--1_L..-,J~~L~~-.-L~_~ __ ~
1930
1935
1940
~L~~,L,~,L...,..L
19 /15
Years
8,
i
1950
....L
J ~~~I~,_' t
j,",.1
1955
,1
1960
~_~J
1965
- 175
GRAPH
7.3
NE\'/ ZEALAND QUARTERLY AVERAGE RETAIL
110
"~
'TOTAL CARCASE'
MEAT liGCiCS
19 1}6-1965
SERIES.
Pork
35
'"d
§ 30
o
0..
So;
<l)
~.
25
-./,-'----
<l)
()
t::
'"
~~.
20
Hutton
~~
15
,.--~~~
5r--__
~r
~.
10
<,
i
o
l
1__
1946
.I
___L _____ _
1950
~-
n-'
..L
1955
Years
1960
1965
,~
1,76
~
110
GRAPH.2..:!:!
NE,{ ZEALAND QUi\RTEHLY AVERAGE RETAIL
I-li\}l AND BACON PRICES
1949-1965.
100"
Ham
J-/
~90
80
70
'1j
s::
~
;:l
o
P-
H
Bacon
60
o
n.
<ll
o
I':
<J)
50
30
~
20~l
,
!I
o"f'
,.....L1950
1955
1960
1965
30
r
//
.~.§~..ZEALANR_ QUJ~BT~::~~~~.:i.Y-!B~~.9.g:.
dHOLESALE AND m:TAIL lEl,l"
25
177 -
GI~!:}:L?:2
i~~1S,ES,....1953-1')65.
IL.
I
Hetail Price
l
20
"j
\vbolesale l'rice
I':
;J
0
p.
H
15
<lJ
P.
<lJ
(j
I':
<lJ
10
I~
I
5
o~
1953
J
1957
1961
Years
.'
1965
180 -
"d
.:;:I
0
'"
15
H
(j)
P.
<ll
()
.:
.~
10
~7.7
NEW ZEALAND QUAHTEHLY AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES
I"on LAND, HOGGET AND HUTTON 1953-1965.
l
O!~L~~J~~~
,1953
1961
1957
Years
____
1965
- 179 -
30 II
I:
~~
NE;14 ZEALJ\I\~r J.U.\HTEi{LY .-\VEHAGE WHOLESALE -lJl":";I!:F 1'ille8
AND UNr;::-;v KINGDON ,~U,\.RTEHLY A\r;'H,\G~~LE.sALE
:li,:;;;.'" l'iUCE 1953-19650
25
20
"tj
~
;;
o
~e~
P-,
Zealand Price
H
OJ
P-,
OJ
U
~
OJ
10
5
1~~_ ,. _~_L=~"~
1953
__
~=
1957
=
-~~~----.Years
n=~~~~~-~-=1=9=:6:=1~-
L.......
-
Q
~
~~
1965
';. 8~;
25r~
GRAPH 7.8
NElv ZEALAND QUARTERLY AVERAGE WHOLESALE HUTTON PHICE
'I
I
1
AND UNITED KINGDOJvl QUARTERLY AVERAGE IvHOLESALE };JUTTON PRICE
1
;1
1953-1965.
20
New Zealand Price
"0
§o 15:
1
P<
H
<ll
P<
<ll
o
l=:
<ll
~
I
I
51I
I
0.1
..l.
1953
1957
1961
Years
1965
=
183
='
GRAPH 709
NEW ZEALAND QUARTERLY AVERAGE IVHPLESALE AND RETAIL
25
MUTTON PRICES 1953-19650
20
'0
.:
;oj
0
15
p..
~
Q>
p..
Q>
Y
!=:
Q>
il<
10
5
Ot~
______~________~~____~~______~____~=-~~~-=~~~
1953
1957
l
1961
Years
1965
.~
184
~
30
25
20
"===---d
15
II,
't:I
~
~
0
p..
~
OJ
p..
OJ
0
~
OJ
Pot
GRAPII 7.10
NE\v Z8ALAND QUARTERLY AVEH-AGE WHOLESALE LA-HE PHICE
to
AND UNITED KINGDOM QUAH-TERLY AVERAGE \VHOLES,\LE
LAMB PH-ICE
1953 - 1965.
5
O!
..J
1953
1961
1957
Years
1965
,85 -QE.~l',l!_.L.l. 1
NEW ZEALAND QUARTERLY AVlmAG8 \vHOLESALE AND.. H.ETAIL
PORE_l'nICES~22..L~65__
110
35
Retail Price
't:I
>i
;j
o
p..
..
Q)
p..
Q)
()
~
Q)
P.
Wholesale Price
20
15
oj
.1
1953
I
L.
_I
"" n
1957
-.i
1961
Years
1965
-, 131' -
S: () ~=f'
,"~/
Do
Retail l'rice
/~
70
$,->'
-~""'~
~
Go
'"d
>=:
;l
0
50
~
\'iholesale Frice
P<
..
Q)
P<
-" ",J
Q)
t)
>=:
110
Q)
P<
GW\FlI 7.12
i'i :,;-,.: Zic\J.,,\-':';J
30
:;(le;:s Fa"
,<U:\ilTiCHLY AVERAGE WIIOLES:\LE AND
ILk ;\1';) BACON (AVERAGtW)
ru~TAIL
1953 - 1965.
20
10
0'-1953
L__
,__
_L
~
______._L-______
~
________L-____.__
1961
1957
Years
~
________
~
________
~
______- d
1965
! (~?
;/lO,<>·
,,~
GRAPH 7.12
, .....
NEW ZEALAND QU;\RTEl1LY PERSONAL DISPOSABLE INCOME PER PERSON,
13 0 1"1
QUAl1TERLY AVERAGE INDEX OF BUTCHERS'
AND QUARTERLY AVEHAGE CONSUMERS'
!
Index of Butchers'
Wage Costs
>"AGE COSTS
~~~.----
I
120r-
./.<:>~~Price
~:'·~consumers'
I
~r<>-'-
~
Index
~
/
~.
~
90~
I
~
/
~
Personal Disposable
Income
..--
."'-./r/
~~
§
8+ ~
------/
70~ ~
i
~
/
//~
~-~
100,
.//~-
j//
PHICE INDEX 1946 - 1965.
110
//
./"
/
'""'
.
~.----/
.(/
1"0
l60t-~~
~
r
~ 50~
~!I
H
cv
p.
H
1
./'/'
Y
,,/
llOP"'/
!
~
35~-
q
O~ _ _ L ____ J
1946
__ . ~____~__~____~___~____~__~____~__~~__~__~L-__~__~L---~----L----L----~--~
1950
1955
Years
1960
1965
59°
30r
GHAPH 7.14
;~c,v
ZD:ALANO QU,\HTEIti,y PEn PEHSON CONSUJvlPTION OF
BEEF AND ~iUTTON
28
\
26
1
+>
H
ct!
;j
(\
v\
j
H
W
1950 (FOURT:! QUARTER) ~ 1965,
24r
C'
j
H
W
P<
~
I
22~
I
0
rn
H
W"
P<
i<
W
P<
20L
:1
rn
">1
;j
0
/~
P<
J
\
14 .
_ - '_ _ _ _-'-_ _ _ _L_
1951
I ___ ~ __ "
"_~-'
1955
1960
Years
1965
~
12
191
~
GRAPH 7015
NEW ZEALAND .QUARTERLY PEH PERSON CONSUMPTION OF
PIGMEATS, LAMB AND VEAL 1950 (FOURTH QUARTER) - 19650
10
I-<
v
<IJ
+'
I-<
<Il
::I
0'
I-<
<IJ
P~
o
..
Ul
6
<IJ
P-
I-<
<IJ
P-
u,
It
'"CI
~
::I
o
Cl.
2
~
OLJ"
1951
_
1955
I
Years
L
1960
l
.
!
1965
192 to'c-'I
"
i
9~
/\
8~
"1\
1
/
(\ (\
\
I
.1
i
I
g.
..
Q)
t
6
,
0~
0
m
~
5
0-
...
Q)
0-
m
"0
~
::J
0
p.,
GRAPH 7.16
NEW ZEALAND QUARTERLY PER PERSON CONSUlVlPTION OF
PORK AND PIGMEATS 1950 .(FOURTH QUARTER) - 19650
1'-
o
1951
t
,
I
1955
1960
Years
1965