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Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 9 1 7 9 4 4 8 3 1 7 *
0460/12
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
October/November 2014
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
Protractor
Calculator
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s)
must be clearly shown.
Answer three questions.
The Insert contains Photographs A, B, C and D for Question 2, Photographs E and F for Question 3, and
Photograph G for Question 4.
The Insert is not required by the Examiner.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 28 printed pages and 1 Insert.
DC (ST/SW) 108423
© UCLES 2014
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QUESTION 1
1
(a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about some of the factors which influence population
density.
LOW DENSITY
extreme
climate
high
steep
land
remote
lack of
and difficult resources
to get to
temperate
climate
flat low
land
good
transport
network
industry
and natural
resources
HIGH DENSITY
Fig. 1
(i)
What is the difference between a high and a low population density?
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(ii)
Using Fig. 1 only, state the relationship between:
access and population density;
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relief and population density.
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(iii)
Explain how variations in climate can influence population density.
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(iv)
Explain how industry and natural resources can lead to a high population density in an
area.
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(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows information about the population structure of Japan (an MEDC) in
2005 and 2020 (estimated).
Japan – 2005
male
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
80+
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
40–44
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
10–14
5–9
0–4
0
0
female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
7
population (in millions)
Japan – 2020 (estimated)
male
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
80+
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
40–44
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
10–14
5–9
0–4
0
0
1
2
female
3
4
5
population (in millions)
Fig. 2
(i)
Describe the changes which are expected to take place in the population structure of
Japan between 2005 and 2020. You should refer to the young dependents, economically
active, and old dependents.
Young dependents
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Economically active
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Old dependents
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(ii)
Suggest reasons for the expected changes in Japan’s population structure between 2005
and 2020.
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(c) For a named country you have studied, describe the problems caused by overpopulation.
Name of country ...............................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 1
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QUESTION 2
2
(a) Study Fig. 3, a map of Gdansk, an urban area in Poland (an MEDC), along with Photographs
A, B, C and D (Insert).
N
Bay of Gdansk
A
0
5
km
Key
CBD
boundary
built up area
Fig. 3
(i)
Write the letters B, C and D into the correct boxes on Fig. 3 to show their likely location in
the urban area. The location of Photograph A has been done for you.
[1]
(ii)
Give two pieces of evidence from Photograph A that the area shown is part of the CBD
(Central Business District).
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]
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(iii)
Describe the causes of traffic congestion in the CBDs of major urban areas.
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(iv)
Explain how the problems of traffic congestion in cities can be solved.
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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows information about urban growth in the USA.
percentage of US population living in urban areas
Key
80
suburbs
central areas of cities
total urban
population
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
years
Fig. 4
(i)
Describe the changes in the total percentage of population living in urban areas in the
USA between 1910 and 2000. You should include statistics in your answer.
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(ii)
Suggest why the percentage of the urban population living in the suburbs of cities in the
USA has increased rapidly since 1910.
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(c) For a named example of a town or city you have studied, describe the impacts of urban
sprawl on the natural environment.
Name of town or city ...............................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 2
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QUESTION 3
3
(a) Study Fig. 5 and Photograph E (Insert), which show an area of coastline.
N
122
60
Lulworth
Cove
10
40
Sea
Key
chalk
10 height above sea level (metres)
sand and clay
0
250
limestone
500
metres
Fig. 5
(i)
What is the width of the entrance to Lulworth Cove?
...................................... metres
(ii)
[1]
Identify the type of rocks which form:
the entrance to Lulworth Cove;
...........................................................................................................................................
the back of Lulworth Cove.
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
Suggest how Lulworth Cove was formed.
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(iv)
Explain why areas of coastline, such as the one shown in Photograph E, are important to
many people.
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(b) Study Photograph F (Insert), which shows a stack.
(i)
Describe three features of the stack shown in Photograph F.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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3 ........................................................................................................................................
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(ii)
Explain the formation of a stack.
You may include a labelled diagram as part of your answer.
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[5]
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(c) For a named area you have studied, explain the conditions required for the formation of a
coral reef.
Name of area of coral reef ...............................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 3
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QUESTION 4
4
(a) Study Figs 6 and 7, which show information about the Mississippi River floods in 1993.
s is
Mis
N
South
Dakota
i ve
r
s uri R
o
i
s
Mi
ip
pi
R
s
Minnesota
Wisconsin
r
ve
Nebraska
Iowa
Indiana
Illinois
Kansas
St. Louis
Kentucky
ssipp
iR
iv e
r
Missouri
Oklahoma
Mis
si
Arkansas
Key
Tennessee
Mississippi
0
river
50 100 150
km
areas affected by flooding
lake
state boundary
Fig. 6
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In June 1993, the Mississippi River flooded an area the size of England.
The flat area on either side of the river is called the flood plain, an area where
the river would naturally flood and deposit fertile sediment. However, settlement
and economic activity are increasingly located on the flood plain.
For many years, engineers have managed the river to prevent flooding. The
river has been straightened, 200 dams have been built and levées have been
made even higher. The river waters now flow up to 12 metres above the level
of the surrounding land. The cost of these measures is 180 million dollars a
year in maintenance alone.
Fig. 7
(i)
Name two states which were affected by the flooding in 1993.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Using evidence from Fig. 6 only, suggest two reasons why there was serious flooding at
St. Louis.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
Using Fig. 7, identify three methods used to try to prevent the flooding of the Mississippi
River.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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3 ........................................................................................................................................
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(iv)
Explain why settlement and economic activity on flood plains is likely to increase the
hazard of river flooding.
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(b) Study Photograph G (Insert), which shows a waterfall.
(i)
Describe the features of the waterfall shown in Photograph G.
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(ii)
Suggest what might happen to the waterfall in Photograph G in the future. Give reasons
for your answer.
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(c) Describe and explain one of the following types of weathering. You may use a diagram.
Carbonation
Exfoliation
Weathering process chosen ...............................................
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[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 4
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QUESTION 5
5
(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about international tourists who visit Kenya from
different continents.
N
Europe
North
America
Asia
Tropic of
Cancer
Equator
South
America
Tropic of
Capricorn
Kenya
Africa
Key
international tourists
arrow widths
tourists
0.5%
10%
Australasia
19%
60%
Fig. 8
(i)
What is meant by international tourist?
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.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Compare the percentage of international tourists to Kenya from Europe and Asia. You
should include statistics in your answer.
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(iii)
Suggest reasons why the number of tourists to Kenya from different parts of the world
varies.
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(iv)
Explain why international tourism has increased in the last 50 years.
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(b) Study Fig. 9, information about Kenya.
YA
N
E
K
O
T
COME
N
Lake
Turkana
Marsabit
Game
Reserve
Great
Rift Va
Mount
Kenya
Maasai Mara
Game Reserve
Nairobi
Amboseli
National Park
Meru
National
Park
lley
Lake
Victoria
Samburu
Game
Reserve
Equator
KENYA
Tsavo
National Park
Key
national parks
and game reserves
main cities
international
boundary
0
major beach area
Mombasa
100
km
INDIAN
OCEAN
200
coral reef
Fig. 9
(i)
Using only evidence from Fig. 9, suggest three different types of tourism which are
important to Kenya.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................[3]
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(ii)
Explain how the creation of game reserves and national parks in Kenya is likely to help
tourism to be sustainable.
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(c) For a named area you have studied, describe the benefits and problems of tourism for local
people.
Name of area ...............................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 5
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QUESTION 6
6
(a) Study Fig. 10, which shows information about the employment structure of three countries in
Asia.
China
Key
Japan
primary
secondary
Malaysia
tertiary
0
10
20
30 40
50 60 70
percentage of workforce
80
90
100
Fig. 10
(i)
What percentage of the population of Malaysia works in the primary sector?
......................%
(ii)
[1]
Describe two differences between the employment structures of China and Japan.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
In rural areas of Malaysia there is still much primary employment. However, in the cities,
such as Kuala Lumpur, there are many service industries in the CBD and high technology
industrial parks in the rural-urban fringe.
Give an example of:
primary employment in a rural area;
...........................................................................................................................................
an industry which is likely to locate on a high technology industrial park;
...........................................................................................................................................
a service industry in a CBD.
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(iv)
Explain why there is a large reduction of the workforce in the primary sector as a country
develops.
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(b) Study Fig. 11, information about the exports of Malaysia.
1970
0
2008
0
Key
rubber
75%
25%
75%
25%
tin
manufactured
goods
oil / gas
others
50%
50%
Fig. 11
(i)
Using Fig. 11, describe the changes in Malaysia’s exports between 1970 and 2008. Use
statistics from Fig. 11 in your answer.
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(ii)
Explain why many high technology industries have grown up in newly industrialised
countries (NICs).
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(c) For a named area you have studied, describe the impacts of agriculture on the natural
environment.
Area studied ...............................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 6
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Additional Page
If you use the following lines to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
must be clearly shown.
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Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 2
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Fig. 4
Photographs A–D
Photographs E & F
Photograph G
© Michael Raw; Geography in Place: Homework Copymasters; Collins Educational; 1999; ISBN 0003267032.
S. Sibley © UCLES.
S. Sibley © UCLES.
S. Sibley © UCLES.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2014
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