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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 5 0 2 0 3 7 7 3 1 8 *
0460/21
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 2
October/November 2011
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
Protractor
Plain paper
1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 4 and Photograph D for Question 6.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.
DC (NF/DJ) 33787/2
© UCLES 2011
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2
1
Study the map extract which is for Old Harbour, Jamaica. The scale is 1:50 000.
(a) Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north west part of the map extract. Study Fig. 1
and the map extract, and answer the questions below.
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E
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D
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B
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A
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C
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Fig. 1
Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1:
(i)
type of road at A;
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(ii)
feature at B;
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(iii)
feature at C;
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(iv)
name of river D;
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(v)
features at E.
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© UCLES 2011
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3
(b) Fig. 2 shows a river in the south east part of the map extract.
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For
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river
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sea
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Fig. 2
(i)
© UCLES 2011
State four types of vegetation or land use found along the banks of the river.
1 .................................................
2 .................................................
3 .................................................
4 .................................................
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[2]
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4
(ii)
Which four of the following statements about the part of the river shown on Fig. 2
are true? Tick four boxes.
Statement
Tick (✓)
The river flows from south to north
The river flows from north to south
The river flows across flat land
Oxbow lakes can be found along the river
The river has more than four tributaries
There are waterfalls on the river
There are dams along the river
The river flows across steep land
There is coral at the mouth of the river
The river is crossed by a railway
[4]
(c) Find the main road junction at the centre of the main settlement of Old Harbour.
(i)
State the four figure reference of the grid square which contains the road junction.
...............................................................
(ii)
Measure the distance along the Class A road, from the road junction westwards to
the first level crossing (LC) near Freetown. Give your answer in metres.
.................................................... metres
(iii)
[1]
[1]
What is the compass bearing from the road junction to the level crossing? Tick one
correct answer.
Compass bearing
Tick (✓)
42°
118°
124°
242°
258°
[1]
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5
(d) Fig. 3 shows the location of two industries on the coast of the area.
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For
Examiner’s
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P
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A
sea
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A Alumina storage and shipment wharf
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P Power station
Fig. 3
Describe the advantages of this area for industrial development.
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(e) Using map evidence, explain why a tourist industry has not developed along the
coastline shown in the map extract.
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..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 20 marks]
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2
Fig. 4 gives information about the origin of children in immigrant families in four countries.
The percentages who have migrated from MEDCs and the percentage who have migrated
from LEDCs are shown.
90
80
70
percentage
60
50
40
30
20
0
10
0
Australia
Germany
Netherlands
USA
Key
origin
from
from
not
MEDCs LEDCs known
Fig. 4
(a) (i)
What is the percentage of children in immigrant families in Germany who have
come from LEDCs?
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
Using the evidence from Fig. 4, tick one correct statement below.
Statement
Tick (✓)
Children in immigrant families come mostly from LEDCs
Children in immigrant families come mostly from MEDCs
There is no clear pattern of origin of children in immigrant families
[1]
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7
(b) Fig. 5 describes some of the effects of migration on children.
Children and migration
Children left behind by migrating parents may benefit from money being sent
home to pay for food, schooling or medical care. They may suffer from emotional
difficulties.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Children who migrate with their parents may face discrimination. They may suffer
because their parents are financially insecure and also find cultural difficulties and
language barriers. However not all children face these difficulties and according to
the Convention on the Rights of the Child, it is the duty of any country to ensure
that all children enjoy their human rights, whether they are migrants or not. These
children may have better facilities and be better off financially.
Children who have to migrate independently of their parents are similar to adult
migrants seeking new opportunities. They may be domestic workers, street
children or foster children. Some send money to their families or combine work
with schooling or training.
Fig. 5
Study Fig. 5, then in your own words describe one benefit and one problem for each
group of migrant children below.
(i)
Children left behind
Benefit ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
Problem ....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
Children who migrate with their parents
Benefit ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
Problem ....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
Children who have to migrate independently
Benefit ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
Problem ....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2011
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[Total: 8 marks]
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3
A dam is to be built in a valley to supply water. Fig. 6 is a map showing the site of the
proposed dam.
N
0
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0
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0
26
Key
0
25
river
0
24
23
0
dam wall
0
100 200
metres
230
contour
(metres)
Fig. 6
(a) (i)
On Fig. 6, shade the maximum area that could be flooded after the dam has been
built.
[1]
(ii)
After the maximum area has been flooded, how deep will the water be at the
deepest point? Tick one correct answer.
Depth (metres)
Tick (✓)
10
15
20
25
30
[1]
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(b) The dam wall will be constructed out of stone. Four types of building stone are available
in the local area. These are described in Table 1 below.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Table 1
Building stone
Description
A
Hard rock made out of minerals which do not decay. Very
strong. Few cracks or lines of weakness.
B
Limestone. Made of calcium carbonate. Strong with few
cracks/lines of weakness.
C
Strong hard rock made out of resistant minerals. Cut by small
cracks a few centimetres apart.
D
Hard rock. Contains a high percentage of iron minerals.
The dam builders are worried about the possible effects of weathering on the dam wall.
For this reason, Building Stone A was chosen.
Explain why the other three building stones were rejected. Refer to processes of
weathering in your answer.
(i)
Building Stone B .......................................................................................................
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(ii)
Building Stone C ......................................................................................................
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(iii)
Building Stone D ......................................................................................................
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[Total: 8 marks]
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BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2011
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4
Photographs A, B and C (Insert) show three settlement patterns.
For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Name the three settlement patterns.
Photograph A ....................................................................
Photograph B ....................................................................
Photograph C ....................................................................
[3]
(b) Photograph A shows a rural area. Describe the relief, agriculture and vegetation shown
in the photograph.
Relief ................................................................................................................................
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Agriculture .......................................................................................................................
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Vegetation ........................................................................................................................
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[Total: 8 marks]
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5
Soil erosion can be caused by wind or running water. Fig. 7A shows the factors that cause
soil erosion by wind and Fig. 7B shows the factors that cause soil erosion by running water.
ground completely
covered
Amount of vegetation or crop cover
bare ground
heavy rainfall
Amount of rainfall
no rainfall
strong wind
Strength of wind
no wind
= conditions that cause soil erosion by wind
Fig. 7A
ground completely
covered
Amount of vegetation or crop cover
bare ground
heavy rainfall
Amount of rainfall
no rainfall
steep slope
Steepness of ground surface
gentle slopes
= conditions that cause soil erosion by running water
Fig. 7B
(a) Using Figs 7A and 7B, describe and explain the effect on soil erosion of the following
factors.
(i)
Amount of vegetation or crop cover
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(ii)
Amount of rainfall
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(iii)
Steepness of ground surface
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high
100
1970
0
For
Examiner’s
Use
annual rainfall (mm)
100
2004
200
2002
200
2000
300
1998
300
1996
400
1994
400
1992
500
1990
500
1988
600
1986
600
1984
700
1982
700
1980
800
1978
800
1976
low
1974
low
1972
amount of
soil erosion
high
amount of
soil erosion
annual rainfall (mm)
(b) Fig. 8 gives information about rainfall and soil erosion in Australia.
0
year
Fig. 8
Which cause of soil erosion has been more important in Australia, wind or running
water? Explain your answer. (You may use Figs 7A, 7B and Fig. 8 to help you).
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[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2011
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Fig. 9 and Photograph D (Insert) show the climate and vegetation for the same area.
temperature (°C)
6
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
10
5
0
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
10 rainfall
5 (mm)
0
months
Fig. 9
(a) Describe the climate of the area shown in Fig. 9. There is no need to quote figures in
your answer.
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(b) Describe the vegetation shown on Photograph D.
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[Total: 8 marks]
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 2 Fig. 4
Question 2 Fig. 5
Photographs A–D
© http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/ii_immig_families.pdf; 9 August 2010.
© http://www.unicef-irc.org/knowledge_pages/resource_pages/migration/index.html; 9 August 2010
David Kelly; © UCLES
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2011
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