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Name
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Candidate Number
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Centre Number
0460/02
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 2
October/November 2006
1 hour 30 minutes
Additional Materials:
Ruler
Protractor
Set square
1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.
The Insert contains Photographs A and B for Question 3.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
At the end of the examination fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
For Examiner’s Use
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.
SP (SC/CGW) T04236/4
© UCLES 2006
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
2
1
Study the map extract of an area in Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000.
(a) Fig. 1 shows the area of the Buhwa mine.
20
19
18
26
27
28
29
Fig. 1
State the map evidence for mining in this area.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) Study the Ngezi River from the western edge of the map at 200225 to the railway bridge at
297217.
(i)
State the direction of flow of the river.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Describe the features of the river and its channel.
...........................................................................................................................................
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(c) Fig. 2 shows the south-western part of the map extract.
24
Feature A
23
N
z
ge
iR
ive
r
22
21
800
20
900
19
1000
1100
1200
18
1200
1100 00
10
900
17
20
21
22
23
24
1000
25
26
contours in metres
Fig. 2
(i)
Name feature A shown on Fig. 2.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
On Fig. 2, use the correct letter to label the position of
an area of gentle slopes (G),
an area of steep slopes (S),
a ridge (R).
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4
(d) Study the linear pattern of huts in the north-east of the extract, east and south of Gundekunde
B.C. (320260).
Give two reasons for this settlement pattern.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(e) Fig. 3 shows a cross section from west to east from 300225 to 350225.
WEST
EAST
height in
metres
900
800
700
350225
300225
Fig. 3
On Fig. 3, use labelled arrows to show the positions of
(i)
the Ngezi River,
(ii)
Gundekunde Hill.
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(f)
A conveyor, marked on the map, is used to transport minerals from near the quarry at 216178
to Mukwakwe Siding at 225234.
(i)
Measure the length of the conveyor. Give your answer in metres.
……………. …………….metres
(ii)
[1]
The conveyor starts at 1300 m above sea level and falls to 760 m above sea level.
Calculate the average gradient of the conveyor.
Horizontal distance = ...........................
Difference in height = ...........................
Gradient = 1 in ....................................
(iii)
Measure the bearing from grid north of the conveyor from its high point at the quarry to
its low point at the siding.
……………………………………degrees
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6
2
Fig. 4 shows the GNP per head (a measure of wealth production) and the percentage of the
population living in urban areas for some countries in South America.
4000
Uruguay
Brazil
3000
Chile
Venezuela
GNP per
head
2000
(US$)
Paraguay
Suriname
1000
Colombia
Ecuador
Bolivia
Guyana
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
percentage of population living in urban areas
Fig. 4
(a) (i)
Which country shown on Fig. 4 is most urbanised?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
(b) (i)
Trinidad had a GNP per head of US$3 750 and an urban population of 67%. On Fig. 4,
mark with a dot and label the position of Trinidad.
[1]
Describe the relationship between GNP and urban population shown on Fig. 4.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Suggest one reason for this relationship.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(c) Fig. 5 shows the population pyramids for Peru and Argentina.
Argentina
Peru
males
age
males
females
80+
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
age
females
85+
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
percentage of total population
percentage of total population
Fig. 5
Describe the differences in population structure between the two countries in
(i)
the percentage of 0-14 year olds, ......................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
the percentage of 15-34 year olds, ....................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
the percentage of 35+ year olds, .......................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iv)
life expectancy. ...................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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3
Fig. 6 shows major roads and passenger railways in southern Namibia. Photograph A (Insert)
shows part of the B1 road and Photograph B (Insert) shows part of the C13 road.
B1
Okahandja
Karibib
N
B2
B2
B6
Windhoek
Swakopmund
Gobabis
Walvis Bay
Western
Kalahari
Desert
B1
Namib
Desert
C21
Mariental
C19
C14
B1
Helmeringhausen
C13
B4
B4
Luderitz
Keetmanshoop
Aus
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
B1
C12
Karasburg
B1
0
200
tarred road
gravel road
railway
km
Fig. 6
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(a) (i)
State the letter and number of the road which links Karibib and Swakopmund.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Which two towns, shown on the map, do not have a railway link?
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
Which town is furthest by tarred road from Walvis Bay?
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) A person wishes to travel by road between Windhoek and Luderitz. Two routes are possible.
These are
Route A
Route B
Via Keetmanshoop (B1, B4),
Via Helmeringhausen (B1, C21, C14, C13, B4).
Using evidence from Fig. 6 and Photographs A and B only, suggest reasons for choosing
each route.
Reasons for choosing Route A and rejecting Route B
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Reasons for choosing Route B and rejecting Route A
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................[5]
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10
4
Fig. 7 shows river flows for the Salmon River in Idaho, USA. The data are for May, June and July
2001 and 2003.
3.0
2.5
2.0
river flow
depth
1.5
(metres)
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.5
May
0
1
5
10
15
June
20
25
30
5
date
10
15
July
20
2003
25
30
5
10
2001
Fig. 7
(a) Look at the highest flow in 2003. State the water depth and the date.
Depth of highest flow ……………………… metres
Date of highest flow …………………………
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(b) Suggest reasons for the variation in river flows shown in Fig. 7.
..................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) The Salmon River is used in summer for water sports such as rafting and canoeing. Table 1
shows the hazard rating for different river flow depths.
River flow depths (metres)
Rating
More than 1.8
Extremely Hazardous
1.5 – 1.8
Hazardous
0.6 – 1.4
Normal
Less than 0.6
Low water hazards
Table 1
(i)
Estimate the number of days with low water hazards between May 1st and July 10th
2001.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Estimate the number of days which were hazardous or extremely hazardous due to high
flows between May 1st and July 10th 2003.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) Flows are measured continuously on rivers around the world. Name one other use for this
information.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
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5
Fig. 7 shows the changes in life expectancy between 1970 and 2002 in some countries in west
Africa and south Asia.
80
80
Sri Lanka
70
70
Maldives
India
60
Pakistan
60
Ghana
life
expectancy
(years)
50
40
50
Togo
Nigeria
B. Faso
Ivory Coast
Bhutan
40
Niger
30
30
1970
2002
1970
West African countries
2002
South Asian countries
B. Faso = Burkina Faso
Fig. 8
(a) (i)
Which country had the highest life expectancy in 2002?
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Which country showed a decrease in life expectancy between 1970 and 2002?
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
Life expectancy in Afghanistan in south Asia increased from 38 in 1970 to 43 in 2002.
Plot this information on Fig. 8.
[1]
(iv)
Which country showed the greatest increase in life expectancy?
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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(b) Fig. 9 shows life expectancy and gross national income per head for the same countries.
Sri Lanka
800
700
Ivory Coast
600
gross
national
income
per head
(US$)
Bhutan
500
India
Pakistan
400
300
Afghanistan
200
Nigeria
Togo
Ghana
Burkina Faso
Niger
100
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
life expectancy (years)
south Asian country
west African country
Fig. 8
(i)
Describe the general relationship between life expectancy and gross national income per
head.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Describe the differences in gross national income per head and life expectancy between
the west African countries and the south Asian countries.
..........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
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6
Fig. 10 shows an area where four settlements have been affected by a major earthquake. Table 2
describes the effects of the earthquake on the four settlements.
rivers
village A
settlements
modern town
dam and reservoir
bridge (collapsed)
port
tarred road
village B
gravel road
sea
0
5
km
Fig. 10
Settlement
village A
Earthquake effects
landslides and mudflows, collapse of dam, buildings
sink and collapse, gravel road washed away, flooding
minor building damage, broken windows, tsunami
minor building damage, damage to road bridge, broken
windows
collapse of old, traditionally-built housing, fire, gravel
road washed away
Table 2
(a) Complete Table 2 by adding the correct settlements.
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(b) Give two reasons why it was difficult to get relief aid to village A after the earthquake.
1 .................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Fig. 11 shows the site of village A.
SW
NE
1 km
weak sand and clay
reservoir
earth dam
site of village A
hard bedrock
Fig. 11
Use the information on Fig. 11 to explain the causes of the following earthquake effects on
the village.
Flooding ....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
Landslides and mudflows .........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
Sinking and collapse of buildings ..............................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) Name one area of the world where earthquakes occur.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 3.
Question 3.
Photograph A; D. Kelly © UCLES
Photograph B; D. Kelly © UCLES
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department
of the University of Cambridge.
0460/02/O/N/06