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0460/01
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
October/November 2005
1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
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Answer three questions.
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The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The insert contains Photograph A for Question 4 and Figures 10A and 10B for Question 6.
This document consists of 13 printed pages, 3 blank pages and 1 insert.
SPA (DR) S84485/4
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
2
1
(a) Study Figs 1A and 1B, which show information about HIV/AIDS in southern Africa.
TANZANIA
Key:
Adult rate of
HIV/AIDS infection
N
MOZAMBIQUE
ZAMBIA
MALAWI
less than 10%
ZIMBABWE
10.1 to 15%
NAMIBIA
BOTSWANA
15.1 to 20%
20.1 to 25%
SWAZILAND
over 25%
LESOTHO
SOUTH AFRICA
0
400
800
1200
km
Fig. 1A
Orphans as a result of HIV/AIDS
(as a percentage of all children under 15 years)
40
% of children under 15 years
1995
35
2000
30
2005
2010
projected
25
20
15
10
5
Fig. 1B
© UCLES 2005
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Mozambique
Malawi
Tanzania
Zambia
Lesotho
Zimbabwe
Botswana
Namibia
Swaziland
South Africa
0
1600
3
(i)
Use Fig. 1A to name one country where over 25% of the adult population are infected
with HIV/AIDS.
[1]
(ii)
Use the information in Fig. 1B to:
A. state the percentage of children who will be orphans as a result of HIV/AIDS in
Lesotho in 2010,
B. name a country where the expected percentage of orphans will be decreasing by
2010.
[2]
(iii)
Using only information from Figs 1A and 1B, compare the impacts of HIV/AIDS in
Botswana and Tanzania.
[3]
(iv)
Suggest the likely impacts of HIV/AIDS on the economies of those countries where rates
of infection are high.
[4]
(b) Study Fig. 2 which shows the predicted population pyramid for Botswana in 2020.
The overall shape shows what the pyramid would be like if there was no threat from
HIV/AIDS. The white pyramid shows what is likely to happen as a result of HIV/AIDS.
age
81–85
76–80
71–75
66–70
61–65
56–60
51–55
46–50
41–45
36–40
31–35
26–30
21–25
16–20
11–15
6–10
0–5
with HIV/AIDS
without HIV/AIDS
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
old dependent
economically
active
young
dependent
0
20
males
40
60
80
100
120
females
population (thousands)
Fig. 2
Describe the likely impacts of HIV/AIDS on the size and structure of Botswana’s population.
[3]
(c) Describe the different ways by which the dependent population is supported in developed and
developing countries.
[5]
(d) What strategies are being used to try to reduce the spread of disease in developing
countries? You may refer to examples which you have studied.
[7]
© UCLES 2005
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4
2
(a) Study Figs 3A and 3B which show information about the percentage of people living in urban
settlements in different parts of the world.
Percentage of population in urban settlements, 2000
N
Key:
0 – 19.9
20 – 39.9
40 – 59.9
60 – 79.9
80 – 100
Fig. 3A
% of population living in urban settlements
80
developed
countries
70
60
developing
countries
50
40
30
20
10
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
year
Fig. 3B
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1990
2000
2010
projected
figures
5
(i)
What is an urban settlement ?
[1]
(ii)
Using only information from Fig. 3A name:
A. a country where over 80% of the population lives in urban settlements,
B. a continent in which most countries have between 20% and 59.9% of their population
living in urban settlements.
[2]
(iii)
Using only information from Fig. 3B, compare the changes in the growth rates of the
urban population in developed and developing countries.
[3]
(iv)
Suggest reasons for the different growth rates of the urban population in developed and
developing countries.
[4]
(b) Study Fig. 4, a map of part of the urban settlement of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
N
0
20
40
60
metres
Key:
tarred road
brick/concrete houses
vacant land
unmade road (mud)
water standpipe
industrial land
area of self built houses
open drain
shops
marshy land
small business
Fig. 4
(i)
Give three pieces of map evidence which suggest that this area is part of a squatter
settlement and not occupied by high cost housing.
[3]
(ii)
Suggest why many people living in rural areas in developing countries made the decision
to migrate to urban settlements such as Dhaka.
[5]
(c) Describe what has been done to improve the quality of life in squatter settlements in developing
[7]
countries. You may refer to examples which you have studied to illustrate your answer.
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6
3
(a) Study Fig. 5 which is a sketch of Mount Etna during a volcanic eruption in 1983.
Ash cloud
from main
crater
Diversion
canal
Active
crater
Biancavilla
Re-directed
lava flow
Rocca
Present
lava flow
Ash fall
from
volcano
cloud
Nicolosi
Ragalna
Fig. 5
(i)
Mount Etna is an active volcano. What does this mean?
(ii)
Identify the main hazard from the volcanic eruption which threatened:
[1]
A. Rocca and Ragalna,
B. Nicolosi.
[2]
(iii)
Describe the possible impacts of the volcanic activity shown by Fig. 5 on the people who
lived close to Mount Etna.
[3]
(iv)
Describe what can be done to protect people from volcanic eruptions.
[4]
(b) Study Figs 6A and 6B (opposite) which show information about the eruptions of Mount Etna.
(i)
Use evidence from Fig. 6A only to compare the lava flows of 1923 and 1983.
(ii)
Explain how volcanoes are formed at destructive plate boundaries such as the one
shown in Fig. 6B. You may use a labelled diagram in your answer.
[5]
(c) Many people live close to the volcanoes which are shown in Fig. 6B.
Explain why people choose to live close to active volcanoes.
You may refer to examples which you have studied.
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[3]
[7]
Na
tio
na
l
7
N
a ry
und
o
B
rk
Pa
Key:
3
2
19
3 lava flow
and date
192
direction of
recent lava flows
2153
minor craters
3340
spot heights
2153 (metres)
Va
ll
ed
el
Bo
ve
198
3
1290
1098
Ionian
Sea
0
km
5
0
miles
3
Fig. 6A
0
100
km
Key:
Volcano
I TA LY
Destructive plate
bondary
Direction of plate
movement
E U R A S I A N
E
P L A T
Vesuvius
Mediterranean
Sea
Stromboli
Vulcano
A F R I C A N
Etna
E
P L A T
Fig. 6B
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8
4
(a) Study Fig. 7 which shows the drainage basin of a river.
Key:
1000mm isohyet (line joining
places of equal average
annual precipitation)
2000mm
river/stream
1800mm
1600mm
1400mm
watershed
sea
2000mm
1800mm
1600mm
1400mm
0
50
100
150
km
1200mm
X
Y
1200mm
W
Fig. 7
(i)
What is the average annual precipitation at point X?
(ii)
What is meant by the terms:
[1]
A. drainage basin,
B. watershed?
[2]
(iii)
Describe and suggest reasons for the likely differences in discharge of the river at points
X and Y.
[3]
(iv)
What natural feature is shown at W? Explain how this feature may have been formed. [4]
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(b) Study Photograph A (Insert) which shows an upland river and its valley.
(i)
Describe the main features of the river and valley which are shown in Photograph A. [3]
(ii)
Explain how natural processes of weathering and erosion shape river valleys such as the
one shown in Photograph A. You may use labelled diagrams in your answer.
[5]
(c) Many people live and work on the flood plains of major rivers.
Describe the advantages and difficulties for people of living on the flood plain of a river.
You may refer to examples which you have studied.
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[7]
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10
(a) Study Fig. 8 which shows the distribution of industrial areas in Brussels, the capital city of
Belgium.
C a na
2
A1
N
Rotterdam
Antwerp
l
City Centre
NEDER-OVER
HEEMBEEK
Ro
ad
R
ter
Ou
Key:
A 1 E19
5
in g
Brussels
National
Airport
01
A2
EVEREBRUSSELS
A10 E
40
A3 E40
Cologne
EU headquaters
Embassies, departments
and head offices
Zone of traditional
industries
City boundary
Canal
Major routeways
(motorways/autoroutes)
ST. LAMBRECHTSWOLUWE
Rin
g
Z
Roa d
X
Y
9
E1
Ca
na
l
411
A4 E
Paris
A7
University
Science parks
Oute
r
MIJLEMEERSCH
Other main roads
0
Luxembourg
5
km
Fig. 8
(i)
Using evidence only from Fig. 8, give one reason for the location of the traditional
industries.
[1]
(ii)
Which science park is located:
A. next to an area of traditional industry,
B. 5 km NE of the city centre?
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(iii)
Study Table 1 which shows the different locations in Brussels which a firm making
electrical components has occupied in recent years. These are labelled on Fig. 8 as X, Y
and Z.
Table 1
Place
1979
X
140m2
13
Room above
garage
Very expensive
1987
Y
325m2
70
Old existing
building
Expensive
Z
65000m2
2000
Area
Employees
600+
Work area
Land value per m2
Date
Purpose built
building in a science
Less expensive
park alongside a
motorway
Suggest three reasons why the firm moved from location X to location Y in 1987.
(iv)
[3]
Using information from Fig. 8 and Table 1, suggest reasons for the location and
development of science parks in Brussels.
[4]
Question 5 continues on page 12
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12
(b) Study Fig. 9 which shows where major manufacturers assemble cars in Eastern Europe.
Czech Republic
Poland
Mlada Boleslav
Skoda/Volkswagen
Warsaw
FSO/Daewoo
Lublin
Daewoo
Bielsko Biala
Fiat
Tychy
Fiat
Slovakia
Bratislava
Skoda/Volkswagen
Romania
Craiova
Daewoo
Pitesti
Dacia
Slovenia
Novo Mesto
Renault
Bulgaria
Hungary
Varna
Rover
Szentgotthard
GM
Esztergom
Suzuki
Fig. 9
(i)
Suggest reasons why some of the world’s major manufacturers have located car
assembly plants in Eastern Europe.
[3]
(ii)
Explain why the building of new car assembly plants would be welcomed in countries
such as these.
[5]
(c) Describe and explain the factors which encourage the development of craft industries. You
may refer to examples which you have studied.
[7]
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6
(a) Study Figs 10A and 10B (Insert) which show the Kaiparowits Plateau area in the state of
Utah, USA in 1960 and 2000.
(i)
Use Fig. 10A to state which of the following occupied most land in 1960.
residential areas
wilderness areas
farmland
roads and railways
(ii)
[1]
Use Fig. 10B to identify the names of:
A. the National Forest north of Henrieville,
B. the wilderness area immediately to the east of the Paria River.
[2]
(iii)
Use the information in Figs 10A and 10B to identify three changes which took place in
the Kaiparowits Plateau area between 1960 and 2000.
[3]
(iv)
Suggest reasons why the Kaiparowits Plateau area is attractive to tourists.
[4]
(b) Study Fig. 11 which describes a proposal to mine coal in part of the Kaiparowits Plateau.
Andalex, a Dutch coal-mining company, wants to develop part of the
Kaiparowits Plateau. Here it is estimated there may be up to 7 billion tonnes of
low-sulphur coal lying close to the surface. The details of the proposal are:
• to mine 3 million tonnes per year in opencast mines.
• to transport the coal 320 km in 42-wheel trucks to the railway at Iron
Springs.
• to transport the coal by train from the nearest railway at Iron Springs to the
port of Los Angeles for export to Japan, Korea and Taiwan.
• to build a new 35 km highway and electricity lines across the Kaiparowits
Plateau.
Fig. 11
(i)
What arguments are likely to be used by Andalex that the proposal should be allowed to
go ahead?
[3]
(ii)
Explain why many people will think that the development should not go ahead.
[5]
(c) Areas at risk from economic development need careful management.
Choose one of the following economic activities.
tourism
agriculture
manufacturing industry
Name an area which you have studied where the environment is at risk from the activity
which you have chosen. Describe the attempts which have been made to maintain, conserve
or improve the quality of the environment of your chosen area.
[7]
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Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1
Question 2
Question 2 Fig. 3a
Question 3
Question 3 Fig. 5
Question 5 Fig. 9
Question 6
Graphs © Philip Allen Publishers, ‘Geography Review’, Jan 2003.
© The Geographical Association, 2000.
© The Geographical Association, 2000, ‘Geography Magazine Millenium Special’.
© Philip Allen (2003), ‘Geography Review’.
‘Natural Systems and Human Responses’, R Prosser. Published by Thomas Nelson & Sons © Nelson Thornes Ltd.
Heinemann Educational (2002). ‘Geography Matters Book 3: Teachers Resource Pack’.
© Philip Allen (1997), ‘Geographical Review ’.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.
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