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Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 3 5 1 1 1 3 7 2 2 5 *
0460/11
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
May/June 2015
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
Calculator
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the
lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.
Answer three questions.
The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 4.
The Insert is not required by the Examiner.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 31 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.
DC (KN/CGW) 95837/4
© UCLES 2015
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QUESTION 1
1
(a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the distribution of the world’s population in 1950,
2000 and 2050 (estimated).
1950
Australasia
South America 0
%
North America
2000
Australasia
North America 0
%
South America
2050 (estimated)
Australasia
North America 0
%
Europe
South America
Africa
75
Asia
Europe
25 75
Europe
Asia
25
Africa
50
50
75
Asia
Africa
25
50
Fig. 1
(i)
In which continent is there the greatest percentage of the world’s population?
................................................................................
(ii)
[1]
Name the continent where:
A
the percentage of the world’s population decreased from 21% in 1950 to 12% in the
year 2000;
.........................................................................
B
the percentage of the world’s population increased by the year 2000 but is likely to
decrease by 2050.
.........................................................................
(iii)
[2]
Explain why Africa’s percentage of the world’s population increased between 1950 and
2000.
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(iv)
The population has grown so much in some countries that they are now overpopulated.
Describe four problems caused by overpopulation.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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3 ........................................................................................................................................
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4 ........................................................................................................................................
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(b) Study Fig. 2, information about population distribution in Uganda.
30°E
31°E
33°E
34°E
35°E
SOUTH SUDAN
N
4°N
32°E
4°N
KENYA
3°N
0
80
2°N
DEM. REP.
OF
THE CONGO
Lake
Albert
40
km
3°N
2°N
Lake
Kyoga
1°N
1°N
Kampala
Equator
0°
0°
Lake
Victoria
1°S
1°S
RWANDA
30°E
TANZANIA
31°E
32°E
33°E
Key
boundary of Uganda
population density
river with flow direction
high
city (urban area)
medium
capital city
KENYA
low
country
Fig. 2
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34°E
35°E
5
(i)
Describe three features of the distribution of Uganda’s population.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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3 ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii)
Explain how physical factors can influence population distribution.
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(c) For a named country you have studied, describe and explain changes in the population
structure.
Name of country ............................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 1
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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 2
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QUESTION 2
2
(a) Study Fig. 3, which shows information about settlement sizes in part of Mexico.
Zamora
Jacona
Tangamandapio
Villa Jiménez
Purépero
Tangancicuaro Carapân
Tarécuato Patambán Chilchota
N
Caurio
Zacapu Naranja
Tanaco
Tinguindin
Santiago Azajo
Pamatácuaro Cocucho
Ahuirán
Nurio
Purenchecuaro
Cherán
San Felipe
Santa Clara
Paracho
Erongaricuaro
Los Reyes Corupo
San Quinceo Sevina
Lorenzo Capácuaro
Pátzcuaro
Angahuan
Peribán
Tingambato Huiramangaro
Ocumicho
Zirahuen
Opopeo
Villa
Escalante
Ziracuaretiro
URUAPAN
Zirimicuaro
Nuevo
San Juan
Taretán
Pareo Tancitaro
Ario de Rosales
Parácuaro
Lambardia
Apatzingán
Buenos Aires
Presa del
Rosario
Antunez
Nueva
Italia
0
25
km
Key
population over 200 000
urban areas (population 20 001 – 200 000)
urban areas (population 10 001 – 20 000)
population 2501–10 000
dispersed rural settlement
road
railway
Fig. 3
(i)
Name a settlement shown on the map with a population of 20 001 to 200 000.
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(ii)
What is meant by:
A
an area of dispersed rural settlement;
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
B
an urban settlement?
....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
Suggest three possible reasons for the growth of large settlements such as Uruapan.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
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3 ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(iv)
To what extent is the area shown on Fig. 3 typical of a settlement hierarchy?
Explain your answer.
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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows information about the distances a family travel to different types of
shops and leisure facilities.
Shopping
distance
(kms)
Leisure
25
25
20
20
15
distance
(kms)
10
15
10
5
5
0
0
ra
au
st
re
tre
ea
th g
lin
w y
bo alle
a
m
d
s
t
ea
ne
ci
br
ea
m
oe
sh
nt
re
itu
rn
fu
Fig. 4
(i)
Compare the distances travelled by the family for shopping with distances travelled for
leisure.
You should refer to data from Fig. 4.
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(ii)
Explain why people are prepared to travel further for some shops and services than
others. Refer to examples from Fig. 4.
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(c) For a shop or service in a named settlement you have studied, describe its location and
sphere of influence.
Name of settlement ....................................................
Shop or service ....................................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 2
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QUESTION 3
3
(a) Study Fig. 5, which shows a weather instrument.
temperature °C
dry bulb
wet bulb
35
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
−5
−5
−10
−10
saturated lint
water
Fig. 5
(i)
Identify the weather instrument shown in Fig. 5.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Explain how the weather instrument shown in Fig. 5 is used to work out relative humidity.
...........................................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
Explain why the weather instrument shown in Fig. 5 is kept in a Stevenson Screen.
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(iv)
Name two other weather instruments which are kept in a Stevenson Screen and for each
one state the weather characteristic it measures.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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(b) Study Fig. 6, wind roses for Tiree, an island off the west coast of Scotland, in March and
October 2013.
Month:
Monitored daily at:
N
NW
NE
W
E
SW
SE
Key
W number of days wind blew
from that direction
S
The bars on both wind roses show the number of days when the wind was blowing
from that direction. Calm days were not recorded.
Month:
Monitored daily at:
N
NW
NE
W
E
SW
SE
Key
W number of days wind blew
from that direction
S
Fig. 6
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(i)
Describe the differences between the wind directions in Tiree in March and October.
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(ii)
Explain how wind speed and direction measurements are obtained at a weather station.
You may include diagrams of the instruments used.
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[5]
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(c) Describe the impacts of a drought on an area or country you have studied.
Name of area or country ....................................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 3
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QUESTION 4
4
(a) Study Fig. 7, which shows a headland which is being changed by marine erosion.
Stage 1
Stage 2
A
B
Fig. 7
(i)
What is meant by marine erosion?
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Identify features A and B on Fig. 7.
Feature A ......................................
Feature B ......................................
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[2]
19
(iii)
Fig. 7 shows stages 1 and 2 in the formation of a headland. Stage 3 involves the formation
of a stack.
Draw stage 3 and label the stack and then explain how a stack forms.
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(iv)
Explain why some coastlines have headlands and bays.
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(b) Study Photograph A (Insert).
(i)
Describe the features of the cliff shown in Photograph A.
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(ii)
Explain how different erosional processes shape cliffs.
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(c) For a coral reef at a named location you have studied, describe its main features and explain
its formation.
Location of coral reef ...........................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 4
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QUESTION 5
5
(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about industry in Ghana (an LEDC).
GROUPS OF SECONDARY
INDUSTRIES
N
GROUP 1
saw milling
furniture manufacturing
fruit canning
vegetable oil milling
E
Lake
Volta
G
GROUP 2
aluminium smelting
oil refining
vehicle assembly
chemicals
H
A
X
Y
N
A
GROUP 3
leather tanning
meat processing
abattoirs (slaughterhouses)
Key
F
town (over 25 000
population)
railway
national boundary
of Ghana
large dam and
HEP station
IRUHVWVï
hardwoods
fruit
oil palm
cattle rearing
area & route to
market
bauxite mining
area
G
GULF
OF
GUINEA
0
50
km
imports
machinery
clothing
crude oil
petroleum
products
motor
vehicles &
parts
medicines
exports
cocoa
gold
diamonds
manganese
timber
bauxite
Fig. 8
(i)
What is meant by secondary industry?
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(ii)
On Fig. 8 there are three groups of towns in areas E, F and G. Three groups of industries
(1, 2 and 3) are shown in the table next to the map.
Match each group of towns with its industries by completing the table below.
Group of Towns
Group of industries
(1, 2 or 3)
E
F
G
[2]
(iii)
Explain three advantages of the area south of the line X–Y for the growth of secondary
industry.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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3 ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(iv)
Describe two ways in which the employment structure of an LEDC, such as Ghana, is
likely to change as the country develops further. Suggest a reason for each change.
Change 1 ...........................................................................................................................
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Change 2 ...........................................................................................................................
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(b) Study Fig. 9, which shows information about industry.
INPUTS
PROCESSES
OUTPUTS
Fig. 9
(i)
What is meant by the inputs, processes and outputs of a secondary industry?
Inputs ................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Processes .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Outputs ..............................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii)
Name and locate a manufacturing (or processing) industry you have studied.
Describe the processes which take place in this industry.
Name of manufacturing (or processing) industry ................................................
Location of manufacturing (or processing) industry ................................................
Processes which take place ..............................................................................................
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(c) Explain the location of high technology industries in a named area you have studied.
Name of area .........................................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 5
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QUESTION 6
6
(a) Study Fig. 10, which shows the results of a survey in the USA on global warming.
Some people say that global warming made each of the following events worse.
How much do you agree or disagree?
agree
strongly agree
disagree
strongly disagree
Record high summer
temperatures in the USA in 2011
The drought in Texas and
Oklahoma in 2011
Mississippi River floods in the
spring of 2011
Record snowfalls in the USA in
2010 and 2011
Hurricane Irene
The East Coast earthquake in
the summer of 2011
0
50
% of respondents
100
Fig. 10
(i)
Identify the event which the most people thought was made worse by global warming.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Which of the events listed in Fig. 10 is least likely to have been made worse by global
warming? Explain your answer.
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(iii)
List three human activities which make global warming worse.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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3 ........................................................................................................................................
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(iv)
Explain why many people are concerned about global warming.
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(b) Study Fig. 11, which shows information about pollution of the natural environment.
Sources of
pollution
Types of
pollution
Industry
Air pollution
Energy
Visual pollution
Transport
Water pollution
Noise pollution
Agriculture
Fig. 11
(i)
Choose one source of pollution from Fig. 11 and explain how it causes pollution.
Source of pollution ............................................................................................................
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(ii)
Explain how the local environment might be affected by one type of pollution from
Fig. 11.
Type of pollution ................................................................................................................
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(c) For a named area which you have studied, describe attempts to maintain, conserve or
improve the natural environment.
Name of area .........................................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 6
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Additional Page
If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
must be clearly shown.
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