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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 0 7 7 8 4 6 3 9 0 1 *
0460/12
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
May/June 2012
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the
lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.
Answer three questions.
The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 1, Photographs D
and E for Question 2, and Photographs F and G for Question 3.
The Insert is not required by the Examiner.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an
answer.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
For Examiner’s Use
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Total
This document consists of 28 printed pages and 1 Insert.
DC (NF/JG) 47034/5
© UCLES 2012
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QUESTION 1
1
(a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the population density in India (an LEDC).
84° E
N
11
12
13
9
0
500
14
10
7
1000
km
8
6
4
5
15
3
14° N
Key
Population Density
(people per sq. km)
800 or more
2
1
200 to 499
Less than 200
Key to states
1
2
3
4
5
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Andhra Pradesh
Goa
500 to 799
6
7
8
9
10
Maharashtra
Chhattisgarh
Orissa
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
11
12
13
14
15
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Jharkhand
West Bengal
Fig. 1
(i)
Identify a state in India with a population density of 800 people or more per square
kilometre.
........................................................
(ii)
[1]
The Indian state of Karnataka has a population of 52.73 million (52 730 000) and an
area of 191 976 square kilometres. Calculate its population density.
Show your calculations.
[2]
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3
(iii)
List the three states in India which have the lowest population density.
Describe one similarity in the location of all three of these states.
For
Examiner’s
Use
1 ......................................
2 ......................................
3 ......................................
Similarity in location .................................................................................................
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(iv)
Many parts of India are densely populated. Give reasons why both agricultural
areas and industrial areas may be densely populated in an LEDC.
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(b) Study Photographs A, B and C (Insert), which show areas with a low population density.
(i)
Give one reason why each of the areas shown are sparsely populated.
You should choose a different reason for each photograph.
Photograph A ...........................................................................................................
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Photograph B ...........................................................................................................
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Photograph C ...........................................................................................................
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(ii)
Explain why some towns may grow up in areas which otherwise have a low
population density.
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5
(c) For a named country which you have studied, explain why the birth rate is high.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Name of country ................................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 1
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6
QUESTION 2
2
(a) Study Figs 2A and 2B, plans which show part of the Central Business District (CBD) of
Nottingham, a city in the UK in 1980 and 2010. Also study Photograph D (Insert).
Nottingham CBD (1980)
L o w e r P a r l i a m e n t S t.
Old Corner
Public House
Topman
Neilson
Travel Agent
Radio
Rentals
Yorkshire
Bank
McGowans
Jeweller
Jean
Jeanie
Visionhire
McDonalds
Maypole Yard
C l u m b e r S t.
Amusements
Shoefayre
Pizzaland
Manfield
Studio
Rediffusion
TV Rentals
L i n c o l n S t.
Paige Plus
Trueform
Key
food and drink
clothing
shoes
banks
others
Fig. 2A
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Nottingham CBD (2010)
For
Examiner’s
Use
L o w e r P a r l i a m e n t S t.
1
Miss
Selfridge
USC
O2
Mobile Phones
(Empty)
William
Hill
Footlocker
Vero
Moda
Santander
McDonalds
2
Maypole Yard
C l u m b e r S t.
Amusements
Aldo
JD Sports
Sport Direct
Evans
Levi’s
L i n c o l n S t.
3
Lush
HSBC
1
= direction photograph
was taken from
Key
food and drink
clothing
shoes
banks
others
Fig. 2B
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(i)
Which position on Fig. 2B is Photograph D taken from?
Circle the correct answer below.
1
(ii)
(iii)
2
For
Examiner’s
Use
3
[1]
Give an example from Fig. 2B of:
A
a bank;
.....................................................
B
a type of shop or service which did not
exist in 1980 but had been opened by 2010. .....................................................
[2]
Give three pieces of evidence from Photograph D or Fig. 2B that the area is part of
a CBD.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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3 ...............................................................................................................................
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(iv)
Explain why the CBD of a city has a large sphere of influence.
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(b) Study Fig. 3, a map of the main transport links in Nottingham, along with Photograph E
(Insert) which shows part of the tram line.
14
A6
RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
A
1
61
N
For
Examiner’s
Use
Hucknall
A6
1
M
A60
10
Kimberley
Bulwell
Nuthall
11
10
A6
J26
OUTER SUBURBS
A6
Mapperley
Sherwood
Carlton
2
A61
INNER CITY
1
M
CBD
A609
Woolaton
A52
Stapleford
Sandiacre
Beeston
nt
A52
re
rT
ve
Ri
J 25
0
Key
Edwalton
2
motorway
main railway station
railway
main road
tram line
4
6
8
10
km
Beeston suburb
CBD
urban
zones
Fig. 3
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(i)
Describe three features of the route of the tram line shown on Fig. 3.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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3 ...............................................................................................................................
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(ii)
Suggest benefits and problems of public transport systems, such as trams, for
people who live in cities.
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(c) For a named example of a town or city which you have studied, explain how urban
sprawl has changed the surrounding areas.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Name of town or city .....................................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 2
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QUESTION 3
3
(a) Study Photograph F (Insert), which shows a river valley.
(i)
Describe the shape of the valley shown in Photograph F.
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............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
Describe two features of the river shown in Photograph F.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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(iii)
Suggest three ways in which the river shown in Photograph F could be carrying out
erosion.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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3 ...............................................................................................................................
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(iv)
Name and describe two methods by which rivers transport their load.
Method 1 ...............................
Description ...............................................................................................................
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Method 2 ...............................
Description ...............................................................................................................
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(b) Study Photograph G (Insert), which shows rocks where biological weathering is taking
place.
(i)
For
Examiner’s
Use
Describe how biological weathering has occurred in the area shown.
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(ii)
Explain why biological and chemical weathering are rapid in areas which are hot
and wet.
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(c) Describe and explain the process of freeze-thaw weathering.
Include fully labelled diagrams.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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[7]
[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 3
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QUESTION 4
4
For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Study Fig. 4, which shows an area of tropical rainforest.
height
in
metres
45
45
40
40
35
30
35
25
30
CLEARING
25
20
15
10
20
CASSAVA
BANANA
MANIOC
15
10
5
5
0
0
Fig. 4
(i)
To what height do the tallest trees grow? ......................... metres
[1]
(ii)
Identify two pieces of evidence of human activity in the area of tropical rainforest
shown in Fig. 4.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii)
Describe three characteristics of tropical rainforest vegetation.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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3 ...............................................................................................................................
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(iv)
Explain how the vegetation has adapted to the tropical rainforest climate.
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(b) Study Fig. 5, a flow diagram showing processes which take place in a tropical rainforest.
sunlight
transpiration
rainfall
forest
leaf / twig fall
return of nutrients
humus
rock
soil
leaching
Fig. 5
(i)
Explain how nutrients are cycled in a tropical rainforest ecosystem.
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(ii)
Describe the impacts of large scale deforestation of tropical rainforests on the local
natural environment.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(c) For a named area of tropical rainforest which you have studied, describe the ways in
which it benefits people.
Area of tropical rainforest ...........................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 4
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QUESTION 5
5
(a) Study Fig. 6, which shows information about employment in manufacturing industry in
selected countries in Europe and Asia in 1991 and 2010.
50
Key
1991
40
2010
% of total
workforce
employed in
manufacturing
30
20
10
0
UK
France
Poland
India
Singapore
EUROPE
Thailand
ASIA
Fig. 6
(i)
(ii)
What was the percentage of the total workforce employed
in manufacturing industry in the UK in 1991?
................%
[1]
Using Fig. 6, identify:
A
the country with the highest percentage of the workforce
employed in manufacturing industry in 1991;
..........................................
B
the country where the percentage of the workforce employed in manufacturing
industry changed by the smallest amount between 1991 and 2010.
................................................ [2]
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(iii)
Compare the changes which have taken place in employment in manufacturing
industry between 1991 and 2010 in Europe and Asia. Suggest reasons for these
changes.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(b) Study Figs 7A, 7B and 7C, which show information about Nigeria.
Industrial zones in Nigeria
P
HE
N
Key
industrial towns
movement of power
railways
0
300
km
border
industrial zones
Fig. 7A
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Population distribution and urban population in Nigeria
N
Density
( inhabitants per km2 )
Key
over 200
51 – 200
11 – 50
1 – 10
under 1 or
uninhabited
Urban
population
Over 1 million inhabitants
0
250 001 – 1 million inhabitants
300
100 000 – 250 000 inhabitants
km
Fig. 7B
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21
Road network in Nigeria
For
Examiner’s
Use
N
0
300
km
Fig. 7C
(i)
Use Fig. 7A to describe the distribution of industrial zones in Nigeria.
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(ii)
Using Figs 7B and 7C only, suggest reasons for the distribution of the industrial
zones in Nigeria which are shown in Fig. 7A.
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(iii)
Describe the advantages and disadvantages for people of living in industrial zones.
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(c) For a named area where manufacturing industry is important, describe its impacts on
the natural environment.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Name of area ............................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 5
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QUESTION 6
6
(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about rivers in Guinea, an LEDC in West Africa.
Much of the water used in Guinea is obtained from the rivers shown on Fig. 8.
Senegal
Mali
R. G
a
ia
mb
Guinea
Bissau
g
R.
Baf
in
N
Guinea
R. Niger
R.
ok
ei
lo
Mi
R
R.
Sierra Leone
a
Mo
R.
Atlantic Ocean
0
Ivory
Coast
Liberia
200
km
Key
international boundary
river
Fig. 8
(i)
Name a river which has its source in Guinea but flows to the sea through Sierra
Leone.
................................................................
(ii)
[1]
Suggest two reasons why conflicts may occur when a river flows through more
than one country.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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(iii)
Explain how improving the water supply in LEDCs, such as Guinea, is likely to
improve the quality of life.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(b) Study Figs 9A and 9B, which show information about the River Ebro in Spain (an MEDC
in Europe).
N
FRANCE
Bay of Biscay
La Coruna
León
Bilbao
Riv
e
ANDORRA
r Ebr
o
PYR
PO
RT
U
GA
L
Valladolid
ENE
ES
Zaragoza
Barcelona
Balearic
Sea
Madrid
Valencia
SPAIN
BALEARIC
ISLANDS
Alicante
Sevilla
Atlantic
Ocean
Y COAST
LIDA
HO
Strait of Gibraltar
Gibraltar
(U.K.)
MOROCCO
a
n Se
Granada
a
rrane
edite
M
ALGERIA 0
100
km
Fig. 9A
EBRO RIVER PROJECT
TO SOLVE SOUTHERN SPAIN’S
WATER PROBLEMS
In the late 1990s plans were drawn up to transfer large amounts of water each year
from the Ebro River basin in Spain’s rainy north to its dry south. The Ebro Transfer,
a network of dams and pipes, would send water to Granada and the southern holiday
coast.
Fig. 9B
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(i)
Explain why the Ebro River Project was planned.
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(ii)
Describe other methods which can be used to supply more water to areas which
need it.
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(iii)
Explain how water can be used in a sustainable way.
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(c) For a named country or area which you have studied, describe one way in which energy
is produced.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Name of area or country .............................................
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[Total: 25 marks]
END OF QUESTION 6
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Additional Page
If you used the following lines to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question
number(s) must be clearly shown.
For
Examiner’s
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Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1 Photographs A, B and C
Question 2 Photographs D and E
Question 3 Photographs F and G
Steve Sibley © UCLES.
Steve Sibley © UCLES.
Steve Sibley © UCLES.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2012
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