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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 9 1 4 5 2 2 9 8 4 3 *
0460/11
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
May/June 2012
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s)
must be clearly shown.
Answer three questions.
The Insert contains Photographs A, B, C and D for Question 2, and Photograph E
for Question 5.
The Insert is not required by the Examiner.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an
answer.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
For Examiner’s Use
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Total
This document consists of 25 printed pages, 3 blank pages and 1 Insert.
DC (LEO/CGW) 47025/6
© UCLES 2012
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QUESTION 1
1
For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the population in four countries.
Country
Total
population
(millions)
Birth Rate
(per 1000)
Death Rate
(per 1000)
Net
Migration
(per 1000)
Life
Expectancy
(years)
Germany
82
8.2
11.0
+2.19
79
Spain
41
9.5
10.1
+0.99
80
Ethiopia
88
43.4
11.3
–0.02
56
Ghana
24
28.1
8.9
+0.61
61
MEDCs
LEDCs
Fig. 1
(i)
Which one of the countries shown in Fig. 1 has the smallest total population?
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(ii)
[1]
Calculate the natural population growth rate of Ghana.
Show your calculations below.
[2]
(iii)
© UCLES 2012
Identify from Fig. 1 the country where:
A
people live the longest on average;
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B
the total population is increasing most rapidly;
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C
there is more emigration than immigration.
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(iv)
Explain why life expectancy is high in MEDCs.
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Examiner’s
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(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows the growth rate of the world’s population between 1950 and
2050 (predicted).
2.0
prediction
1.5
1.0
2050
2040
2030
2020
2010
2000
1990
1980
1970
0.0
1960
0.5
1950
growth rate (percent)
2.5
year
Fig. 2
(i)
Describe the changes in the world population growth rate between 1950 and 2010.
Refer to years and statistics in your answer.
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(ii)
Describe and suggest reasons for the predicted change in world population growth.
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(c) For an example of international migration which you have studied, name the countries
between which people moved.
Explain why many people made the decision to migrate. You should refer both to pull
and to push factors.
Names of countries: From .............................................. to .............................................
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END OF QUESTION 1
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Examiner’s
Use
5
QUESTION 2
2
(a) Study Photographs A, B , C and D (Insert), which show land use zones in an urban
area.
(i)
For
Examiner’s
Use
Describe two differences between the housing in Photographs B and C.
1 ................................................................................................................................
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2 ................................................................................................................................
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(ii)
Redevelopment is replacing old buildings with new ones.
Identify the photograph which shows redevelopment taking place.
Photograph .........................................
(iii)
[1]
Give three different reasons why redevelopment has taken place in many urban
areas.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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3 ...............................................................................................................................
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(iv)
Explain why redevelopment in urban areas may cause conflict.
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(b) Study Fig. 3, a model of urban land use.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Key
CBD
factories / industry
low class residential
medium class residential
high class residential
Fig. 3
(i)
Describe and suggest reasons for the location of the industrial zone.
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(ii)
How relevant do you think the model shown in Fig. 3 is for describing urban land
use? Explain your answer by referring to LEDCs and MEDCs.
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(c) In many LEDCs squatter settlements have grown up.
For a named example of an LEDC city, describe the main features of one of its squatter
settlements.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Name of city ...........................................................................
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END OF QUESTION 2
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QUESTION 3
3
(a) Study Fig. 4, a map showing the drainage basin of the River Lee.
N
Luton
Y
R. LE E
Stevenage
R. BE
Welwyn
Garden
City
E
AN
Hatfield
R. R I B
Ware
Hertford
R. A
SH
Bishops
Stortford
Hoddesdon
R. S
TO
RT
Cheshunt
E
LE
.
R
Enfield
Sawbridgeworth
Harlow
Waltham
Abbey
Greater
London
Epping
Key
rivers
X
built up
areas
0
15
km
Fig. 4
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watershed
9
(i)
Name a tributary of the River Lee.
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(ii)
[1]
For
Examiner’s
Use
Give two reasons why the amount of water in the river is greater at X than Y.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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(iii)
Suggest three likely differences between the shape of the river valley at X and at Y.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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(iv)
Explain how the River Lee might bring both benefits and problems for people who
live in Hertford.
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(b) Study Fig. 5, a diagram showing a waterfall and gorge.
direction of flow
For
Examiner’s
Use
river
former position
of waterfall
hard rock
(limestone)
boulders
from rockfall
soft rock
original
plunge pool
debris washed
downstream
Fig. 5
(i)
The river is eroding by hydraulic action, corrasion (abrasion) and corrosion.
Define each of these terms.
Hydraulic action ........................................................................................................
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Corrasion (abrasion) .................................................................................................
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Corrosion ..................................................................................................................
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(ii)
Explain how the waterfall and gorge shown in Fig. 5 have been formed.
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For
Examiner’s
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(c) Explain how an oxbow lake is formed. You should include fully labelled diagram(s).
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[7]
END OF QUESTION 3
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Examiner’s
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13
QUESTION 4
4
For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Study Fig. 6, which shows major plates and the location of fold mountains.
Eurasian
plate
Alps
Rockies
North
American
plate
Himalayas
Pacific
plate
Atlas
Mountains
IndoAustralian
plate
African
plate
Nazca
plate
Antarctic
plate
Key
Andes
South
American
plate
Alps
plate boundary
direction of plate movement
fold mountain range
Fig. 6
(i)
Use Fig. 6 to identify the fold mountains which are along the boundary between the
Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates.
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(ii)
[1]
Explain how fold mountains have been formed along this collision boundary.
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(iii)
© UCLES 2012
Name the type of plate boundary between the following plates:
A
Nazca plate and South American plate;
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B
Antarctic plate and Pacific plate;
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C
North American plate and Pacific plate.
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(iv)
Describe the processes which occur at convergent (destructive) plate boundaries
to cause volcanic eruptions.
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(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows information about earthquakes in the Caribbean.
Caribbean earthquakes
Selected notable tremors showing year
of occurence, magnitude and epicentre
location in the Caribbean region since 1900.
N
U.S.A.
Date: 2006
Magnitude: 5.8
Location: Gulf of Mexico
Gulf
of
Mexico
Date: 2004
Magnitude: 6.8
Location: Cayman
Islands
Date: 1946
Magnitude: 8.0
Location: Samana, Dom. Rep.
Date: 2010
Magnitude: 7.0
Location: Port-au-Prince,
Haiti
Atlantic Ocean
Date: 1918
Magnitude: 7.5
Location: Mona Passage
NORTH AMERICAN
PLATE
Date: 1907
Magnitude: 6.5
Location: Kingston,
Jamaica
Date: 1974
Magnitude: 7.5
Puerto Location: Leeward Islands
Rico
Haiti
0
Caribbean Sea
Dominican Republic
CARIBBEAN PLATE
Key
plate boundary
Fig. 7
© UCLES 2012
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200
km
For
Examiner’s
Use
15
(i)
Explain why many earthquakes have occurred in the area shown in Fig. 7.
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For
Examiner’s
Use
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(ii)
Many countries in the area shown in Fig. 7 are LEDCs.
Explain why earthquakes often have devastating effects in LEDCs.
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(c) For a named example which you have studied, explain why people live close to a
volcano.
Name of volcano ....................................................................
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END OF QUESTION 4
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17
BLANK PAGE
TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 5
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QUESTION 5
5
(a) Study Fig. 8, information about the climate of the Maldives (a tourist destination in the
Indian Ocean).
250
200
150
100
50
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
months
29.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
27.5
27.0
rainfall (mm)
250
temperature
(degrees centigrade)
sunshine (hours)
300
200
150
100
50
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
months
Fig. 8
(i)
Identify the month which has the lowest rainfall.
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[1]
For
Examiner’s
Use
19
(ii)
What is the annual range of temperature?
Show your calculations below.
For
Examiner’s
Use
[2]
(iii)
Use only the information in Fig. 8 to explain why tourists are attracted to the
Maldives all year round.
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(iv)
Study Photograph E (Insert) which was taken in the Maldives.
Using only evidence from the photograph, explain why many tourists find such
destinations attractive.
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(b) Study Fig. 9, information about the average number of tourist arrivals in the Maldives.
January
60
December
February
50
40
November
March
30
20
10
October
April
September
May
August
June
July
Key
10
number of tourist
arrivals in 000’s
Fig. 9
(i)
Compare the number of tourist arrivals in June and November in the Maldives. You
should refer to statistics in your answer.
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Examiner’s
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(ii)
Suggest how the tourist industry benefits and disadvantages the people living in
the Maldives.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(c) For a named area which you have studied, explain how tourism is damaging the natural
environment.
Name of area .........................................................................
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END OF QUESTION 5
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QUESTION 6
6
(a) Study Fig. 10, information about an area where the land is used for commercial farming
around the village of Canicatti in Sicily. (Sicily is part of Italy, an MEDC).
90
80
70
Key
area (hectares)
60
coppice (wood)
50
pasture
unirrigated arable
(mainly wheat
and barley)
olives
40
30
arable (some
irrigation)
with trees
vines
20
10
0
0-2
2-4
4-6
6-8
distance from centre of village (km)
Fig. 10
(i)
What is meant by commercial farming?
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(ii)
Describe two differences between the land use between 0 and 2 kilometres from
the centre of the village and between 6 and 8 kilometres from the centre of the
village.
1 ...............................................................................................................................
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2 ...............................................................................................................................
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Examiner’s
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(iii)
Using examples from Fig. 10, suggest reasons to explain why a farmer may use the
land in different ways as distance from the village increases.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(iv)
Give four examples of physical factors which affect how farmers use their land.
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(b) Study Fig. 11, which shows an area in an MEDC where commercial farming is taking
place.
chemical
spraying
removing
field boundaries
spreading
fertilizer
Fig. 11
(i)
Explain why farmers carry out each of the three activities which are labelled on Fig. 11.
Removing field boundaries .......................................................................................
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Chemical spraying ....................................................................................................
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Spreading fertilizer ...................................................................................................
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(ii)
Use Fig. 11 and your own knowledge to explain how farming damages the
environment.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(c) For an example of small-scale subsistence farming at a named location which you have
studied, describe the farming processes.
Location of small scale subsistence farming ...................................................................
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END OF QUESTION 6
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Additional Page
If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question
number(s) must be clearly shown.
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BLANK PAGE
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 2 Photograph A, B, C and D
Question 5 Photograph E
Steve Sibley © UCLES.
Steve Sibley © UCLES.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2012
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