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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 6 9 4 5 0 2 1 7 8 7 *
0460/23
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 2
May/June 2011
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
Plain paper
1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
The Insert contains Photographs A and B for Question 3.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 14 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.
DC (RCL (SW/CGW)) 31981/8
© UCLES 2011
[Turn over
2
1
The map extract is for Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000.
For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Fig. 1 shows the positions of some features in the north east of the map extract.
69
68
82
70
71
73
72
75
74
82
E
81
81
C
80
80
D
B
79
79
A
78
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
78
Fig. 1
Study the map and identify the following features shown on Fig. 1:
(i)
the type of house at A;
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
the type of public building at B;
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
the feature used by farmers at C;
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iv)
the type of road marked D;
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(v)
the feature at E.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
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3
(b) Fig. 2 shows the area of the map extract to the east of grid line 71 and north of grid
line 80.
71
83
72
73
74
75
83
82
82
81
81
80
71
72
73
74
75
For
Examiner’s
Use
80
Fig. 2
Describe the area under the following headings:
slope; ........................................................................................................................
height of highest point; .................................................................................. metres
compass direction of flow of the stream. .............................................................. [3]
(c) Describe the road patterns in:
(i)
grid square 6766; .....................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. .[1]
(ii)
the north west of grid square 5776. .........................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2011
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4
(d) Fig. 3 shows an area of cultivation in and around grid square 6480.
63
66
82
82
79
79
63
66
Fig. 3
How is this area of cultivation irrigated?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) In 1980 the city of Bulawayo occupied much of the map area. Using map evidence only,
suggest reasons for its site and growth.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
© UCLES 2011
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For
Examiner’s
Use
5
(f)
Table 1 shows land uses in Bulawayo. Complete Table 1 to show the main land use in
four grid squares. Use one tick only for each grid square.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Table 1
grid square
recreational
high density residential
industrial
low density residential
6173
6267
6778
7070
[3]
(g) What feature is at grid reference 675802?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 20 marks]
© UCLES 2011
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6
2
(a) Fig. 4 shows dispersed, linear and nucleated settlement patterns.
A
B
For
Examiner’s
Use
C
Key
building
0
4
km
Fig. 4
Using letters A, B and C once only, identify the settlement patterns shown in Fig. 4.
dispersed
letter
......
linear
letter
......
nucleated
letter
......
[2]
(b) Fig. 5A is a map of a valley in a mountainous area in the northern hemisphere and
Fig. 5B (page 7) is a block diagram of the same valley.
A
Key
300
250
200
300
300
250
200
N
0 400 800 1200
m
B
Fig. 5A
© UCLES 2011
contour
height in metres
building
river
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7
angle of sun’s
rays at noon
in summer
valley floor
used for crops in
summer and
animals in winter
350
height
(metres)
350
300
300
250
250
200
200
150
For
Examiner’s
Use
A
B
height
(metres)
150
Fig. 5B
(i)
Complete the sentence to describe the height range of this settlement.
The settlement lies above ........................ metres and below ........................ metres.
[1]
(ii)
Complete the sentence by underlining the correct word to describe the aspect of
this settlement.
The settlement is on the
(iii)
east
north
south
west
facing slope of the valley.
[1]
Explain the advantages of this location for the settlement.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2011
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8
3
(a) Study Photograph A (Insert) showing features of coastal erosion. Describe the features
of coastal erosion seen in Photograph A.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [5]
(b) How are the features of coastal erosion shown in Photograph B (Insert) different from
those in Photograph A?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2011
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For
Examiner’s
Use
9
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2011
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10
4
(a) Fig. 6 shows the world distribution of tropical desert vegetation.
For
Examiner’s
Use
66½ °N
North
America
Asia
Europe
23½ °N
Africa
South
America
0°
Australia
23½ °S
tropical
desert vegetation
Fig. 6
(i)
Circle the correct word to complete the following sentence about the distribution of
tropical desert vegetation.
east
north
south
west
Tropical desert vegetation occurs mainly on the .................. side of the continents.
[1]
(ii)
Compare the extent of tropical desert vegetation in North America and North
Africa.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii)
Why is the name tropical desert vegetation not entirely correct for the vegetation
shown on the map?
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2011
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(b) Some of the ways in which plants adapt to the tropical desert climate are listed below:
to be able to live in salty soils;
to reduce transpiration;
to reflect the sun;
to store water;
to use rainwater before it evaporates;
to use water in the soil most of the year.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Complete Table 2 by choosing one reason for each adaptation from the list above. You may
use a reason more than once.
Table 2
Adaptation
deep roots
fleshy stems
very thin and small thorny leaves
leaves curl inwards
Main reason for the adaptation
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
[4]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2011
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12
5
(a) Fig. 7 shows tourist visitors to the island of Lanzarote and its resident population for the
years 1970 to 2008.
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
number
of
1.0
people
(million) 0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
isi
to
rs
0.4
to
u
ris
tv
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1970
resident population
1975
1980
1985
1990
year
Fig. 7
© UCLES 2011
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1995
2000
2005
2010
For
Examiner’s
Use
13
(i)
Complete the graph to show that the resident population in 2008 was 140 000
(0.14 million).
[1]
(ii)
How many more tourist visitors were there than residents in 2003?
.............................................. million
(iii)
For
Examiner’s
Use
[1]
Compare the changes in tourist visitors with the changes in resident population
between 1970 and 2008.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Fig. 8 gives information about Lanzarote.
Lanzarote is a small island of only 800 square kilometres, which lies off the west coast
of Africa near the Sahara Desert. Its barren surface is covered by lava and ash from
over 300 volcanic vents. As it has no surface water, forest or mineral wealth, there were
few ways of earning a living before 1970. The majority of residents worked in fishing or
subsistence farming, using dry farming techniques. By 2009 the island had seen many
changes and the government proposed to stop further hotel and apartment construction.
Fig. 8
Use Fig. 8 to answer the following questions:
(i)
What was the greatest problem facing the developers of mass tourism on the
island?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
Suggest three reasons why, in 2009, the government wanted to stop further
construction of hotels and apartments.
1 ................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2011
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14
6
(a) Fig. 9 shows the average size of subsistence farms in a village in the highlands of
Lesotho and the average size of commercial farms in Lesotho.
average
size of
subsistence
farms
scale
1 hectare
average size of
commercial farms
Fig. 9
(i)
What is the average size of a commercial farm in Lesotho?
........................................... hectares
(ii)
[1]
How many times larger is the average commercial farm than the average
subsistence farm?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2011
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For
Examiner’s
Use
15
number of workers needed on the farms
(b) Fig. 10 gives information about the labour used on subsistence farms in the highland village.
It also shows farming processes from September in one year to July in the next.
175
150
Key
125
men
women and
children
100
75
50
25
0
process
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
land
preparation,
planting and
broadcasting
seeds saved
from the previous
harvest
hoeing
and weeding
Jul
Aug
harvesting by
hand
Fig. 10
(i)
Table 3 shows the number of workers needed on the farms for November. Use this
information to complete Fig. 10.
Table 3
(ii)
Total
Men
Women and children
95
25
70
[2]
In which month are most workers needed and which farming process takes place
then?
month ...............................................
process ................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
What work will be done in August by
the women, .......................................
the men? ..........................................
(iv)
[2]
Why does a serious drought in one year reduce yields in the next year?
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2011
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[Total: 8 marks]
For
Examiner’s
Use
16
BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 3 Photographs A & B
M Fretwell; © UCLES.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2011
0460/23/M/J/11