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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
*6269099513*
0460/22
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 2
May/June 2010
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
Protractor
Plain paper
1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 2.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an
answer.
For Examiner’s Use
The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner.
Q1
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question
or part question.
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Total
This document consists of 15 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.
DC (KN/CGW) 22823/3
© UCLES 2010
[Turn over
2
1
The map extract is for Hwange West, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000.
For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Fig. 1 shows the positions of some features in the south of the map extract.
39
72
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
72
E
71
71
A
70
70
69
69
D
C
68
68
B
67
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
67
46
Fig. 1
Study the map and identify the following features shown on Fig. 1:
(i)
the land use at A (4170);
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
the type of buildings at B (3967);
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
the type of road at C (4067, 4068, 4069);
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iv)
the land use at D (4568, 4569);
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(v)
the feature to keep the railway level at E.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2010
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3
(b) Look at the River Deka, the main river which crosses the map.
(i)
Circle the word which describes the gradient of the river.
flat
(ii)
For
Examiner’s
Use
gentle
steep
very steep
[1]
State the compass direction in which the river is flowing.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
Describe other features of the river.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) State the six figure grid reference of the railway crossing of the River Deka.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Look at Mavinga Hill in grid square 4173.
(i)
What is the height at the top of Mavinga Hill?
........................................................ metres
(ii)
[1]
What is on the top of the hill?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
Describe the relief which would be crossed on a walk from the top of Mavinga Hill
due west to the gravel or earth road which crosses grid square 4173.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
(iv)
State the bearing, from grid north, from the top of Mavinga Hill to the top of Sikabala
Hill (467753).
....................................... degrees
© UCLES 2010
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[1]
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4
(e) Look at the road between the junction at 404700 in Kamandama and the railway
crossing at 459696 in Hwange. Measure the distance along the road. Give your answer
in metres.
........................................................ metres
(f)
[1]
Fig. 2 shows three grid squares.
42
71
43
44
45
70
42
43
44
45
71
70
Fig. 2
(i)
Shade the grid square with the highest density of drainage.
[1]
(ii)
Using the correct symbol, draw on Fig. 2 the position of the largest mine dump in
the area.
[1]
[Total: 20 marks]
© UCLES 2010
0460/22/M/J/10
For
Examiner’s
Use
5
2
(a) Study Photographs A and B (Insert), which show two different types of housing in a city.
Identify four differences between the types of building shown.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Difference 1 .....................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Difference 2 .....................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Difference 3 .....................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Difference 4 .....................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) What advantages would people gain from moving from the area in Photograph B to live
in the area shown in Photograph C (Insert)?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2010
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6
(a) Study Fig. 3, which shows the climate at a place in the southern hemisphere and
Table 1, which shows the data plotted on Fig. 3.
rainfall (mm)
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
75
75
50
50
25
25
0
rainfall (mm)
30
temperature (°C)
temperature (°C)
3
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
months
Fig. 3
Table 1
month
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
temperature
(°C)
27
26
25
23
19
17
17.5
20
22
24.6
26
27.4
rainfall (mm)
55
53
50
25
8
3
0
0
0
5
14
37
(i)
(ii)
May June July Aug Sept Oct
Nov Dec total
250
Using information in Table 1 complete the graph by adding:
•
the temperature for June,
[1]
•
the rainfall for April.
[1]
Use Table 1 to complete the description of the climate by circling the correct missing
information.
The annual temperature range is .......................... °C.
10
10.4
20
22.2
It has a total annual rainfall of 250 mm, which is a ................................. amount.
low
moderate
high
very high
The rain falls ................................................. .
all year
© UCLES 2010
in the coolest season
0460/22/M/J/10
in the hottest season.
[3]
For
Examiner’s
Use
7
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
year
2005
2006
2007
2008
For
Examiner’s
Use
rainfall (mm)
rainfall (mm)
(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows the annual rainfall for the years from 2000 to 2008 at the
same place as in Fig. 3 and Table 1.
0
Fig. 4
(i)
Draw a horizontal line across Fig. 4 at 250 mm and label it ‘mean annual rainfall’.
[1]
(ii)
Between which year and the next year did the total rainfall change the most? Circle
the correct answer.
2000 and 2001
(iii)
2001 and 2002
2003 and 2004
2004 and 2005
[1]
Explain why the information in Fig. 4 suggests that the mean annual rainfall is not a
very useful indicator of the expected rainfall of this place.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2010
0460/22/M/J/10
[Turn over
8
4
Study Table 2 and Fig. 5, which give information about some types of weathering and some
of the world’s climates.
Table 2
Type of
weathering
Name of
process
Climatic
requirements
Process
.......................
freeze-thaw
frequent
temperature
fluctuations
above and
below 0 °C
mechanical
exfoliation
very hot days
and very
cold nights
the heated rock surface expands, causing
cracks parallel to the surface
chemical
oxidation
heat and
moisture
oxygen combines with ferric iron to form
ferrous oxides (rust) which decompose, so
the rock crumbles
.......................
carbonation
heat and
moisture
water combines with carbon to form carbonic
acid which changes calcium into a soluble
form
heat and
moisture
dead plants and animals decompose,
producing acids which cause some minerals
in rocks to decompose
roots and animals penetrate into cracks in the
rocks, enlarging them
biological
latitude
90°
water in cracks expands when it freezes,
widening and deepening the cracks
climate
A – permanently frozen
B – low rainfall, cold winters and cool summers
C – hot desert – hot and dry all year
D – hot and wet all year
0°
Fig. 5
© UCLES 2010
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For
Examiner’s
Use
9
(a) (i)
Complete Table 2 by writing chemical and mechanical in the appropriate spaces.
[1]
(ii)
Using the information in Table 2, complete Table 3 by writing freeze-thaw, exfoliation
and oxidation in the correct spaces.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Table 3
name of weathering process
result of the weathering
.............................................
thin, curved sheets of rock break off
.............................................
angular blocks break off
.............................................
rock crumbles into separate minerals
[3]
(b) Using information from Table 2 and Fig. 5, give the letter from Fig. 5 of the climate in
which
•
the rates of biological and chemical weathering are greatest,
letter .................
•
[1]
freeze-thaw is most important,
letter .................
•
[1]
exfoliation is most important,
letter .................
•
[1]
no weathering takes place.
letter .................
[1]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2010
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[Turn over
10
5
(a) Table 4 shows the approximate number of tourists who visited Tunisia in 1995 and
2005.
Tunisia’s rank (position) amongst African countries for tourist arrivals in those years is
also given.
Table 4
year
African rank
1995
2005
2nd
3rd
tourist numbers 4 100 000
6 450 000
8.0
7.5
7.5
7.0
7.0
6.5
6.5
6.0
6.0
3.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
Botswana
2.0
Nigeria
2.5
Kenya
2.5
1.0
0.5
0
Nigeria
Egypt
3.5
Morocco
4.0
5.0
Kenya
4.5
5.5
Botswana
5.0
Tunisia
5.5
Morocco
8.0
2005
South Africa
8.5
number of tourist visitors (millions)
8.5
South Africa
number of tourist visitors (millions)
1995
Egypt
Fig. 6 shows the same information for the other top-ranked African countries.
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
7
rank in 1995
2
3
4
5
rank in 2005
Fig. 6
© UCLES 2010
1
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6
7
For
Examiner’s
Use
11
(i)
Use the information in Table 4 to complete Fig. 6 for Tunisia in 2005.
(ii)
Which country had the largest number of tourist visitors in 1995?
................................................
(iii)
[1]
For
Examiner’s
Use
[1]
Name the country which had the largest growth in tourist numbers between 1995
and 2005 and state the approximate increase in its visitor numbers over the ten
year period.
Country ………………….......................... Increase .............................................. [2]
© UCLES 2010
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12
(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows the location of the countries shown on Fig. 6.
Europe
Asia
T
M
E
N
K
N
B
0
1000
2000
km
SA
All countries in
Europe are MEDC’s
Key
M
T
E
K
B
N
SA
Morocco
Tunisia
Egypt
Kenya
Botswana
Nigeria
South Africa
Fig. 7
(i)
How can their location help to explain why Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt receive
many more tourists than Botswana and Nigeria?
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii)
Suggest one physical and one economic reason why countries which are near
neighbours may have large differences in tourist visitor numbers.
physical reason ........................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
economic reason ......................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2010
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For
Examiner’s
Use
13
(a) Fig. 8 shows two of the reasons why coral reefs are at risk.
reasons for reefs under threat
6
fishing
For
Examiner’s
Use
Key
degree of
expected damage
tourism
low
coastal development
medium
high
marine-based pollution
0
10
20
30
40
very high
50
60
70
80
90
100
percentage of reef area
Fig. 8
(i)
What is the greatest threat to the life of the coral reefs?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
What percentage of the reef area is at high risk from marine-based pollution?
........................%
© UCLES 2010
[1]
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[Turn over
14
(b) Look at Fig. 9, which gives information about an island and Fig. 10, which shows
developments on the island.
•
•
•
tourism is the main economic activity
the growth of tourism has led to a rise in construction industries
there are only 25 sq km of reefs and all are threatened by human activities
Fig. 9
sea
sea
C
sea
C
sea
C
C
C
Key
oil supplied by
tankers and
pipeline
prevailing wind direction
C
coral reef
0
km
sand
low-rise settlement
high-rise hotel development
oil-fired power station
bird sanctuary and nature reserve
boat trips to the coral reef
Fig. 10
© UCLES 2010
2
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4
N
For
Examiner’s
Use
15
Using only evidence from Fig. 10:
(i)
state one way in which marine-based pollution (pollution which occurs at sea) is
likely to occur in this area;
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
explain why the oil-fired power station will not cause air pollution problems on the
island;
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(iii)
explain how the location of the recent high-rise hotel development will cause noise
and visual pollution problems.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8 marks]
© UCLES 2010
0460/22/M/J/10
For
Examiner’s
Use
16
BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 2 Photograph A
Question 2 Photograph B
Question 2 Photograph C
Question 5a Fig. 6
© Muriel Fretwell © UCLES.
© Muriel Fretwell © UCLES.
© Muriel Fretwell © UCLES.
© www.nationmaster.com; 28/3/2009.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
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University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
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© UCLES 2010
0460/22/M/J/10