w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *1644524511* 0460/02 GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 May/June 2009 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Plain paper 1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. For Examiner’s Use The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Q1 At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Total This document consists of 14 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. SP (CM/CGW) T64765/6 © UCLES 2009 [Turn over 2 1 The map extract is for Shamva, Zimbabwe. The scale is 1:50 000. (a) Fig. 1 shows the position of some features in the south west part of the map extract. Study the map extract and Fig. 1 and answer the questions below. 41 85 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 85 A 84 84 B 83 83 C 82 82 D E 81 81 F 80 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 80 48 Fig. 1 Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1: (i) feature A (4184); .............................................................................................................................. [1] (ii) the type of road at B (4384); .............................................................................................................................. [1] (iii) the land use in area C (4482); .............................................................................................................................. [1] (iv) feature D (4381); .............................................................................................................................. [1] (v) the type of feature at E (4280); .............................................................................................................................. [1] (vi) the features at F (4781, 4680). .............................................................................................................................. [1] © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 For Examiner’s Use 3 (b) Fig. 2 shows part of the mining area of Shamva. 46 88 47 48 49 88 87 87 86 46 For Examiner’s Use 47 48 86 49 Fig. 2 State three functions or services found in this area. (i) .................................................................. (ii) ................................................................. (iii) ................................................................ © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 [3] [Turn over 4 (c) Fig. 3 shows two areas of the map. These are at Richlands and Grahamsdale. 51 52 53 54 55 For Examiner’s Use 56 86 86 RICHLANDS 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 GRAHAMSDALE 81 81 51 52 53 54 55 56 Fig. 3 Table 1 compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks in the correct five boxes. Use only one tick for each row. Table 1 Example: large area of bush Richlands Grahamsdale Neither of these areas – ✓ – line of huts steep slopes quarry or excavation power line high density of drainage [5] © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 5 (d) Fig. 4 shows part of the valley of the Mazowe river in the north east part of the map. 52 92 54 53 55 56 57 For Examiner’s Use 58 92 91 91 88 0 90 90 0 88 89 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 89 Fig. 4 On Fig. 4, use the letter indicated to show the position of: (i) a weir (W); (ii) the river’s flood plain (F); (iii) the confluence (joining point) of the Mushambanyama river with the Mazowe river (C). [3] (e) Look at the bridge where the wide tarred road crosses the Mazowe River in the north of the map (482906). (i) What is the distance along the road, between the bridge and the 945 metre spot height in Shamva (472861)? Circle the correct answer. 3 950 metres 4 200 metres 4 650 metres 4 900 metres (ii) [1] The road at the bridge is 900 metres above sea level. Calculate the gradient along the road from the bridge to the 945 metre spot height in Shamva (472861). Horizontal distance = ....................................... Difference in height = ...................................... Gradient = 1 in ................................................. [2] [Total: 20 marks] © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 [Turn over 6 2 Study Fig. 5, which shows the structure of the total New Zealand population, and Fig. 6, which shows the structure of the Maori population in 2006. The Maori people form part of the population of New Zealand. Total New Zealand population, 2006 Male 15 10 5 Age (years) 85+ 80 – 84 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4 0 0 Percentage Fig. 5 Female 5 10 15 Maori population, 2006 Male 15 © UCLES 2009 10 5 Age (years) 85+ 80 – 84 75 – 79 70 – 74 65 – 69 60 – 64 55 – 59 50 – 54 45 – 49 40 – 44 35 – 39 30 – 34 25 – 29 20 – 24 15 – 19 10 – 14 5–9 0–4 0 0 Percentage Fig. 6 0460/02/M/J/09 Female 5 10 15 For Examiner’s Use 7 (a) In 2006, 10% of the male Maori population were aged 15–19 and 5% of the female Maori population were aged 50-54. Complete Fig. 6 by adding this data. [2] For Examiner’s Use (b) Complete the following sentences by adding the words greater or less. (i) The percentage of 0–14 year olds in the Maori population is.................................... than the percentage of 0–14 year olds in the total New Zealand population. [1] (ii) The percentage of over 55 year olds in the Maori population is ............................... than the percentage of over 55 year olds in the total New Zealand population. [1] (iii) The percentage of 35–49 year olds in the Maori population is ................................. than the percentage of 35–49 year olds in the total New Zealand population. [1] (c) In 2006, the Maori population formed 14% of the total New Zealand population. (i) Using evidence from Figs 5 and 6 only, suggest how this may change over the next 50 years. .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [1] (ii) Explain your answer to (c)(i). .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 8 marks] © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 [Turn over 8 3 Photograph A (Insert) shows an area of small-scale subsistence agriculture in Asia. For Examiner’s Use (a) Describe the relief of the area shown in Photograph A. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] (b) The natural vegetation of the area is tropical rain forest but the forest has been affected by human activity. Which of the following statements describe the distribution of forest shown in Photograph A? Circle two correct statements. • covering the whole area • on the highest land • on the steepest slopes • in valleys • completely removed [2] (c) Soil erosion is a problem in the area shown in Photograph A. What features shown in the photograph may encourage soil erosion? .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 8 marks] © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 9 BLANK PAGE 0460/02/M/J/09 [Turn over 10 4 The United Kingdom plans to increase the percentage of electricity it produces from renewable energy sources. Fig. 7 shows the percentage produced from renewable sources in 2005 and the targets for 2010, 2015 and 2020. 25 target 20 percentage of electricity from renewable sources target 15 target 10 5 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year Fig. 7 (a) State the target for the percentage of electricity to be produced from renewable sources in 2015. ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) The target for electricity from renewable sources in 2020 is 20%. Plot this information as a pie chart on Fig 8. Use the key provided. Key non - renewable sources renewable sources [3] Fig. 8 © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 For Examiner’s Use 11 (c) Wind power is one renewable energy source. Fig. 9 shows a wind farm and some of the advantages and disadvantages of wind power. It will not run out Potential effect on house prices and tourism Can be generated on land or on sea Visual impact Turbines may kill birds No carbon dioxide emissions or air pollution Minimal risk of serious accidents Amount of wind is variable May increase electricity costs for consumers WIND FARM No need to dig Older wind farms cause some concern underground for it over noise For Examiner’s Use Quick to build and easy to remove Fig. 9 A new wind farm is to be built. Using Fig. 9 only, suggest how this may affect: (i) energy supplies; .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [2] (ii) the natural environment. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 8 marks] © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 [Turn over 12 5 Fig. 10 is a map showing the islands of Japan and the surrounding region. Plate boundaries, plate movements and selected earthquakes are shown. The depth of the focus of each earthquake is shown. The focus of an earthquake is the place in the Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates. CHINA Sea of Japan Pacific Plate Eurasian Plate N Pacific Ocean Philippine Plate 0 200 km Key Direction of plate movement Plate boundary © UCLES 2009 Earthquake focus shallower than 100m below the Earth’s surface Earthquake focus between 100m and 400m below the Earth’s surface Earthquake focus deeper than 400m below the Earth’s surface Fig. 10 0460/02/M/J/09 For Examiner’s Use 13 (a) Which of the following statements describe the plate movements shown on Fig. 10? Tick two correct statements. Statement For Examiner’s Use Tick plates sliding past each other plates moving towards each other plates moving away from each other plates moving north west and south east plates moving north east and south west plates moving north and south [2] (b) Describe one feature of the distribution of the following earthquakes shown on Fig. 10: (i) earthquakes with their focus shallower than 100 m below the Earth’s surface; .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [1] (ii) earthquakes with their focus between 100 m and 400 m below the Earth’s surface; .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [1] (iii) earthquakes with their focus deeper than 400 m below the Earth’s surface. .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [1] (c) Explain why and how earthquakes occur in the area shown on Fig. 10. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] [Total: 8 marks] © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 [Turn over 14 6 Fig. 11 is a map showing the four main iron and steel manufacturing centres in South Africa. Table 2 shows further information about these centres. N 0 200 km Vanderbijlpark 3 Vereeniging Newcastle 4 Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Saldanha 2 1 Key 1 2 3 4 = iron and steel manufacturing = iron ore mining = coal mining densely populated areas Western Cape Eastern Cape Gauteng Durban – Pietermaritzburg international boundary Fig. 11 Table 2 Newcastle Saldanha Vanderbijlpark Vereeniging Percentage of South African output 23 17 54 6 Main market South Africa Export South Africa South Africa Labour force 2200 685 5200 1300 © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 For Examiner’s Use 15 (a) Fig. 12 is a divided bar graph showing the output of the iron and steel centres as a percentage of the South African output. Use the information in Table 2 to complete Fig. 12. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage of South African output Newcastle Saldanha Vanderbijlpark Vereeniging Fig. 12 [3] (b) Factors affecting the location of the iron and steel industry include: • • • • • raw materials – coal and iron ore local markets international markets transport costs labour Using Fig. 11 and Table 2, describe the advantages and disadvantages of the location of the iron and steel industry at Saldanha. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [5] [Total: 8 marks] © UCLES 2009 0460/02/M/J/09 For Examiner’s Use 16 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 Photograph A D.A. Kelly © UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 0460/02/M/J/09