w
w
om
.c
s
er
* 0 7 4 4 5 5 2 5 5 1 *
0680/13
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Paper 1
ap
eP
m
e
tr
.X
w
Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
October/November 2014
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (LK/JG) 91635/2
© UCLES 2014
[Turn over
2
1
Look at the map below, which shows the distribution of three forest biomes.
N
60°N
EUROPE
NORTH
AMERICA
ASIA
Tropic of Cancer
AFRICA
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
SOUTH
AMERICA
OCEANIA
60°S
Key
taiga forest
tropical rainforest
monsoon forest
(a) (i)
Describe the distribution of these three forest biomes, shown on the map above.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii)
State two characteristics of a coniferous tree in the taiga forest.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
3
(b) (i)
Deforestation is a major problem in forest biomes. State two causes of deforestation.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Explain two ways forests can be managed sustainably.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
[Turn over
4
2
(a) Look at the diagram below, which shows the limpet; a device installed on a coastal cliff in
Western Europe. It is used to generate electricity.
direction of
movement of
turbine
airflow
wave barrier
wave
crest
air
turbine
coastal cliff
wa
ter
direction of
movement of
turbine
wave barrier
airflow
turbine
air
wa
coastal cliff
(i)
wave
trough
ter
State the energy source being used in the diagram to generate electricity.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Using the information in the diagram, suggest how electricity is generated in the limpet.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
5
(iii)
Electricity can be generated in hydro-electric power stations (HEP).
State two advantages and two disadvantages of HEP.
advantages ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
disadvantages ...................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) The limpet and HEP are described as sustainable ways of generating electricity. State what
this means.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
[Turn over
6
3
(a) Look at the pie graph and table, which show the sources of lead pollution in the air in a
developed country.
source
percentage
leaded aviation gas
45
metal industries
23
manufacturing
14
waste incineration
8
boilers
5
other
5
Key
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
(i)
© UCLES 2014
Using the information in the table, complete the key for the pie graph.
0680/13/O/N/14
[2]
7
(ii)
Look at the graph, which shows the trend for lead pollution in the developed country from
1990 to 1999.
2500
2000
lead pollution
/ tonnes
1500
1000
500
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
year
Using the information in (a)(i) and the graph above, describe and explain the trend in
lead pollution from 1990 to 1999.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
[Turn over
8
(b) Air pollution is made worse when there is a temperature inversion. Look at the diagram below,
which shows the air temperature above a city on a normal day and during a temperature
inversion.
(i)
temperature / °C
temperature / °C
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
25
24
23
normal day
temperature
inversion
Use the diagram and your own knowledge to explain how a temperature inversion could
make air pollution in the city worse.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Suggest what strategies could be used to reduce air pollution in this city.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
9
Question 4 begins on page 10.
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
[Turn over
10
4
(a) Look at the map, which shows some of the world’s major ocean currents and average annual
precipitation by continent.
ASIA
NORTH
AMERICA
EUROPE
PACIFIC
OCEAN
NORTH
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
AFRICA
PACIFIC
SOUTH
AMERICA
INDIAN
OCEAN
SOUTH
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Key
OCEANIA
average precipitation
/ mm per year.
..................................... ocean current
3000mm
..................................... ocean current
2000mm
1000mm
500mm
(i)
Complete the key to show which are cold and which are warm currents.
[1]
(ii)
Cold currents reduce agricultural production on land but increase fish catches at sea.
Using the map, suggest an explanation for low agricultural production when a cold
current is offshore.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
11
(iii)
Explain why cold ocean currents can lead to very high fish catches.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Describe and explain reasons for overfishing.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
[Turn over
12
5
(a) Look at the pie graph below, which shows the composition of a soil sample.
Key
mineral particles
air
water
humus
roots
organisms
(i)
Calculate the percentage of the soil that is organic matter.
Space for working.
....................................................... % [1]
(ii)
Name the component in the pie graph that plants get from the soil for use in photosynthesis.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii)
Soils can be improved by farmers. Suggest one way in which each of the following soils
could be improved.
desert soil ...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
overcultivated soil ...............................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
13
(b) Removal of vegetation causes increased loss of soil due to erosion. Look at the graph, which
shows the relationship between ground cover and soil loss on some agricultural land.
100
80
60
soil loss
/%
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
ground cover / %
80
100
Suggest four strategies for reducing soil erosion.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
[Turn over
14
6
(a) Look at the diagram, which shows the nitrogen and carbon cycles.
(i)
Complete the diagram using the words below.
bacteria
carbon
dioxide
gas
denitrification
nitrogen
gas
respiration
starch
[3]
reservoir
carbon
cycle
.............................
nitrogen
cycle
.............................
removed by
carbon
cycle
.............................
nitrogen
cycle
.............................
(ii)
fixed by
carbon
cycle
in living things
carbon
cycle
.............................
nitrogen
cycle
protein
nitrogen
cycle
green
plants
..............................
Look at the diagram, which shows that nutrient cycles are driven by energy flow.
Sun
A (input)
energy flow
nutrient cycle
B (output)
State what form the energy takes at A and at B.
A …………………………..
B …………………………..
© UCLES 2014
[2]
0680/13/O/N/14
15
(b) (i)
Suggest how the draining of wetlands and deforestation can effect wildlife, food chains
and people.
draining of wetlands ...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
deforestation.......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[4]
(ii)
Suggest one strategy for the conservation of wildlife.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14
16
BLANK PAGE
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2014
0680/13/O/N/14