www.XtremePapers.com Cambridge International Examinations 0680/11 Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
advertisement
w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 5 1 1 8 1 5 6 1 1 9 * 0680/11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Paper 1 May/June 2014 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages. DC (CW/SW) 80698/3 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over 2 1 (a) (i) What is an ecosystem? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (ii) The diagram below shows energy flow in an ecosystem. ............................. energy ............................. chemical energy in plants ............................. energy eating ............................. chemical energy in animals Complete the diagram by filling in the boxes on the lines provided. Use words from the list below. transpiration light respiration photosynthesis mechanical heat infiltration [4] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 3 (b) The diagram below shows a nutrient cycle in a tropical rainforest. rapid tree growth large quantity of fallen leaves rapid decay to form humus humus adds nutrients to the soil Tropical rainforests are being removed for agriculture and other purposes. Describe how this removal changes the nutrient cycle shown in the diagram above. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[3] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 [Turn over 4 (a) The diagram below shows a section through a cyclone. rapidly rising moist air rapidly rising moist air air descends cloud cloud gusty winds gusty winds clear skies very rough (i) calm very rough 12 000 m 2 choppy Use the diagram and your own knowledge to explain how a cyclone forms. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (ii) Describe two different types of damage a cyclone may cause. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 5 (iii) In one country in 1970, 300 000 people died in a cyclone. When a more severe cyclone struck the same area 20 years later, 130 000 people died. Suggest what the authorities may have done to achieve this change. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (b) Wind can be used as a source of power. State two ways in which the power of the wind is used. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ...............................................................................................................................................[2] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 [Turn over 6 3 Soil acts as a medium for the growth of plants. Some important features of soil are its pH, the nutrients it contains and how well aerated and drained it is. (a) Water, nitrates, phosphates and oxygen may be found in soil. (i) (ii) State which of these enables a plant to: photosynthesise ............................................... respire ............................................... [2] The diagram below shows pore spaces in a soil. soil surface soil particle pore spaces pore spaces pore spaces organic material magnification × 20 If pore spaces are small, there will be a lot of water in the soil and it can become waterlogged. Suggest what will be absent from a waterlogged soil and explain this absence. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (iii) Suggest how farmers might reduce the problems caused by waterlogging. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 7 (b) The size of the pore spaces in soil is determined by the type of particle that makes up the soil type; silt, sand or clay. Look at the graph below which shows the total volume of water that has drained through each soil type over five minutes. 1200 A 1100 1000 900 800 amount of water / cm3 700 B 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 C 0 1 2 3 4 5 time / minutes (i) How much more water has drained through soil A than soil C after 3 minutes? .................................................. cm3 (ii) © UCLES 2014 [1] Match each soil type to each line, A, B or C, shown on the graph. clay ..................... sand ..................... silt ..................... [2] 0680/11/M/J/14 [Turn over 8 4 (a) The world’s oceans have enormous potential for the provision of resources to humans. List three different resources humans get from the oceans. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[3] (b) In using the oceans, humans cause pollution. The following diagram shows some activities on the coast and examples of pollution at A and B. A WC B © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 9 (i) Describe the causes of the pollution and its effects on the environment at both A and B. cause of pollution at A ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... effect on environment ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... cause of pollution at B ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... effect on environment ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (ii) Explain how pollution at A and B might be reduced. A ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... B ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 [Turn over 10 5 The diagram below shows the Earth’s major tectonic plates and the boundaries between them. N B Iceland C A Key (a) (i) plate boundaries direction of plate movement Name the types of plate boundaries found at A and at C. A .................................................. C .................................................. (ii) [2] Draw a labelled diagram in the space below to show what is happening at the plate boundary at A. [4] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 11 (b) Describe ways in which Iceland may benefit from its location near plate boundary B on the map. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 [Turn over 12 6 The diagram below shows some ways in which humans affect their environment. deforestation overgrazing overproduction of crops modern farming techniques (a) (i) Overgrazing can cause soil erosion. Explain how this happens. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (ii) Modern farming may lead to salination (salinisation). Describe how salination occurs. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 13 (b) How might forests be managed sustainably? ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 14 BLANK PAGE © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 15 BLANK PAGE © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14 16 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2014 0680/11/M/J/14
