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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
*1869161515*
0680/01
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Paper 1
May/June 2009
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Ruler
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
For Examiner’s Use
1
2
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6
Total
This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages.
SP (NF/CGW) T76668/3
© UCLES 2009
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1
The diagram shows the carbon cycle.
For
Examiner’s
Use
CO2
reservoir
2
2
1
3
1
4
(a) (i)
dead
remains
4
waste materials
Where, in the diagram, is the carbon dioxide reservoir for land plants?
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(ii)
Name the processes shown by 1, 2, 3 and 4.
1 .....................
2 .....................
3 .....................
4 .....................
(iii)
[2]
Processes 1 and 2 show how carbon dioxide is returned into the reservoir. Process 3
shows it being removed. For thousands of years the loss and the gain have been in
balance, but this is no longer true. Explain why.
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(b) (i)
Explain how this lack of balance between carbon dioxide loss and gain might lead
to climate change.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(ii)
State one way people might take action to reduce this problem of climate change.
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© UCLES 2009
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2
The diagram shows an instrument used for measuring rainfall.
funnel
scale
glass jar
metal
(a) (i)
Describe where you would place this instrument in order to obtain accurate
measurements.
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(ii)
Describe how a person would take accurate, daily readings.
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The graphs shows the climate for a location in the Northern Hemisphere.
35
Rainfall in mm
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
© UCLES 2009
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
0680/01/M/J/09
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Examiner’s
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5
35
For
Examiner’s
Use
25
20
15
10
Temperature in °C
30
5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
(b) (i)
0
Describe the annual pattern of rainfall.
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(ii)
What would farmers need to do to grow good crops throughout the year in a climate
such as this?
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(iii)
State one other way in which farmers might be able to increase crop yield.
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(c) Describe another use for a crop other than food for people or feed for animals.
Name of crop ...............................
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© UCLES 2009
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3
Study the diagram below of the water cycle.
For
Examiner’s
Use
A
C
D
ocean
(a) (i)
B
Name the processes
A .....................................................
B .....................................................
C .....................................................
D .....................................................
(ii)
60°
[3]
Study the map below and list the numbers of four areas with low precipitation.
2
12
4
1
30°
3
0°
11
16
7
8
6
14
10
9
17
30°
15
13
5
50°
© UCLES 2009
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[2]
7
(b) Even in areas of high precipitation, water may not be of good quality for human use. Two
problems are pollution and water related diseases.
(i)
For
Examiner’s
Use
Name one water pollutant and state one way it affects humans.
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(ii)
Name one water related disease.
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(iii)
How might the water related disease you have named be controlled?
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© UCLES 2009
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4
Study the graph below of world losses of fisheries.
For
Examiner’s
Use
0
% of fisheries lost
20
40
60
80
100
1950
1975
2000
2025
2050
Years
(a) (i)
What percentage of world fisheries was lost by 2000?
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(ii)
What will the expected percentage loss be by 2025?
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(iii)
State and explain two reasons for the loss of fisheries since 1950.
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(b) (i)
Fish is an important source of food for humans, so more effort needs to be put into
sustainable fishing.
State two strategies for sustainable fishing.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(ii)
Suggest two reasons why these strategies are not always successful.
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5
The diagram shows the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest.
For
Examiner’s
Use
Fires, mining, urbanisation, roads, dams, 3%
Logging, legal & illegal, 3%
Crop farming 1%
Small scale subsistence
agriculture
Cattle ranching
60%
(a) (i)
Calculate the percentage of deforestation in the Amazon caused by small scale
subsistence agriculture (Show your working).
[2]
(ii)
What is meant by ‘subsistence agriculture’?
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(b) (i)
Other than the loss of habitat and soil erosion, how else might cattle ranching affect
the environment? Explain your answer.
For
Examiner’s
Use
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(ii)
State one way of reducing the effects of logging on the environment.
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(iii)
Describe how logging in Tropical Rainforest could be reduced.
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6
Study the following diagrams showing the world distribution of deposits of iron ore, copper
and tin.
IRON ORE
South
America
COPPER
North
America
North America
Europe
South
America
Australia
Australia
Asia
Asia
Africa
TIN
Africa
Europe
South
America
North
America
Australia
Asia
(a) (i)
(ii)
Which continent has the largest deposit of:
iron ore
..................................
copper
..................................
tin
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[3]
All the above minerals are described as metallic minerals, name one non-metallic
mineral and give one of its uses.
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© UCLES 2009
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Examiner’s
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(b) Deep and open cast mining can have negative impacts on the miners and the
environment. State one negative impact of
(i)
deep mining on miners
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(ii)
open cast mining on the environment
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(c) Describe ways of improving the environment when opencast mining has stopped.
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© UCLES 2009
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Examiner’s
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University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
0680/01/M/J/09