w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *6062866453* 0680/01 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Paper 1 May/June 2007 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages. SP (SJF4354/DR) T26415/4 © UCLES 2007 [Turn over 2 1 Look at the photograph below of a pine forest, part of which has been cleared. (a) (i) Name the process for the large scale clearance of trees. .............................................................................................................................. [1] (ii) Tree clearance as shown has a number of effects on the environment. Name and explain one such effect. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] (iii) Name a gas which will be released into the atmosphere as branches of cleared trees breakdown or decay. .............................................................................................................................. [1] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 For Examiner’s Use 3 (b) (i) Describe one effect of global warming. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2] (ii) What can governments do to reduce global warming? .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 10] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 4 Look at the climate graphs below and then answer the questions. Climate A Climate B 30 40 20 20 10 J FMAMJ J ASOND Months Rainfall in mm 60 40 Temperature in °C Rainfall in mm 40 0 For Examiner’s Use 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 Key: 30 20 10 J FMAMJ J ASOND Months Temperature in °C 2 0 rainfall temperature (a) (i) State which climate graph is for desert and which is for equatorial. Desert …………………………………………… Equatorial …………………………………………… Give reasons for your answer. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] (ii) State and explain two problems for farming caused by climate A. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [4] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 5 (b) Farmers also experience problems caused by pests and weeds. How can they control these? .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [3] [Total: 10] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 6 3 The diagram below shows the main features of the water cycle. For Examiner’s Use C B A C A D E river lake land ocean (a) (i) (ii) Name the processes A, B and C. A ……………………………………… B ……………………………………… C ……………………………………… [3] The process D shows run-off. How and why will the run-off change if trees were cleared and a tourist resort built? .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 7 (b) (i) People use water for a variety of purposes. State one domestic and one industrial use of water, apart from drinking. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2] (ii) Sometimes water supplies are adequate, but not safe. Describe one way in which the quality of water supplied to people might be improved. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 10] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 8 4 The graph below shows the world fish catch from 1950. For Examiner’s Use Millions of tonnes World Fish Catch (million tonnes) 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 1950 (a) (i) 1960 1980 Year 1990 2000 Add the following data to the graph: Catch in 1998 2000 2002 (ii) 1970 Millions of tonnes 87.7 95.5 93.2 [2] Describe the changes shown by the complete graph. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 9 (b) One of the possible reasons for change in fish catches is marine pollution. (i) For Examiner’s Use State two causes of marine pollution. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2] (ii) How might governments reduce the pollution problems you have named? .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 10] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 [Turn over 10 5 Look at the diagram showing layers of sedimentary rock in a coalfield area of South Australia. oil gas Million years 0 A 65 140 205 250 coal 290 545 800 (a) (i) Name one sedimentary rock which can provide energy for industry. .............................................................................................................................. [1] (ii) How are sedimentary rocks formed? .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2] (iii) Fuels which are obtained from the dead bodies of ancient organisms are called fossil fuels. There are three fossil fuels shown in the diagram, state the age of the rock in which each fuel is found. Fuel Name Age of rock ………………………………… ………………………………… million years ………………………………… ………………………………… million years ………………………………… ………………………………… million years © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 [2] For Examiner’s Use 11 (b) (i) The coalmine at point A is an opencast one. State two ways in which people living nearby might be affected by opencast mining. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2] (ii) Describe how damage to the environment might be repaired when the opencast mine has stopped working. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 10] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 12 6 The diagrams below show the amount of wetland in Minnesota (USA) at three different times. A B C 20 years ago present day Key: wetland area 150 years ago (a) (i) Describe the changes in the total area of wetland over this time between A and B and between B and C. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2] (ii) Suggest how wildlife in the area might have been affected by the changes you have described between A and B. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 For Examiner’s Use 13 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 18 50 18 70 18 90 19 10 19 30 19 50 19 70 19 90 Population in millions (b) The graph below shows how the human population of Minnesota has changed since 1850. Year (i) Using the graph, the information in part (a), and your own knowledge, suggest why the changes in wetlands have occurred. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [3] (ii) State one disadvantage and one advantage of making an area of wetland in Minnesota into a wildlife reserve. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 10] © UCLES 2007 0680/01/M/J/07 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 14 BLANK PAGE 0680/01/M/J/07 15 BLANK PAGE 0680/01/M/J/07 16 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 1 Question 4 G. Skinner © UCLES. © http://www.earth-policy.org/Indicators/Fish/Fish_data.htm#table1 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 0680/01/M/J/07