w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er Coursework Training Handbook (Part 1): Guidance Cambridge IGCSE® Enterprise 0454 Cambridge Secondary 2 Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3 Section 1: Requirements of the syllabus ............................................................................. 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The scheme of assessment Assessment of the coursework Teacher involvement Coverage of the syllabus by coursework Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity ................................................... 11 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Stages in carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Choosing a suitable project or activity Task 1: identifying a suitable project or activity Task 2: planning the project or activity Task 3: implementing the plan Task 4: evaluating the project or activity Coursework checklist Section 3: Administration of coursework ........................................................................... 29 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Annotation Completion of forms Internal standardisation Internal moderation The external moderation sample Appendices ...................................................................................................................... 33 Individual Candidate Record Card Coursework Assessment Summary Form 2 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Introduction Introduction Paper 2 of the Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise syllabus gives learners the opportunity to plan, carry out and evaluate their own enterprise activity either alone or as part of a small team (usually of no more than six). The learner must produce a portfolio of evidence to demonstrate their work which is then assessed by the Centre at the end of the course. Undertaking and completing an Enterprise activity in this way, allows learners to fully appreciate the knowledge and skills required to be a successful entrepreneur and elicits a broader and deeper understanding of the syllabus content over all. In order for a Centre to assess coursework it must register at least one accredited coursework assessor with Cambridge. Teachers can acquire accredited status by completing the training provided in the Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Coursework Training Handbook (Part 2): Teacher Accreditation. Part 2 of the Training Handbook exemplifies the application of the assessment criteria by providing examples of marked candidate coursework together with commentaries explaining the marks given. Applicants must then mark a set of sample coursework assignments supplied in the handbook and submit their marks and comments to Cambridge where they will be appraised. Applicants will be informed of Cambridge’s decision regarding the outcome of their application by post within 4–6 weeks of receipt. In cases where accreditation can not be awarded, a feedback report will be provided, giving guidance on how assessment skills can be improved ahead of a resubmission of the test. If accreditation is not awarded, this does not mean a teacher cannot continue to teach the course but it is advisable that they do not take a leading role in the judgement/moderation of other teachers’ marking where multiple teachers are involved at the Centre. Please note that a small fee is required for each application. The accreditation test should not be undertaken without first working through the guidance and advice provided in this publication (that is Part 1) which covers: • the requirements of the coursework tasks • the role of the teacher • how the syllabus covers the coursework • carrying out the project or activity • the administration of the coursework. In conjunction with the syllabus document, the Cambridge Administrative Guide and the Cambridge Handbook for Centres, teachers should find that comprehensive support material is provided covering the range of procedures that teachers need to follow and the documentary evidence required for assessment and moderation purposes of the coursework component. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 3 Introduction 4 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Section 1: Requirements of the syllabus Section 1: Requirements of the syllabus In this section we recap on the exact requirements of the syllabus in relation to the coursework component (Paper 2). You should always check the syllabus for the year in which your learners are going to sit the examination for the most up-to-date and authoritative information. 1.1 The scheme of assessment Paper 2 Coursework (Centre based assessment, 60 marks) Learners working on their own will take sole responsibility for carrying out a small, relatively simple project or activity. Learners working in groups should carry out a larger, more complex project or activity that allows each person to play a separate, defined role. All learners should be encouraged to produce and implement a business plan. Learners working as part of a group are required to submit their own, individual piece of coursework not produced as part of the group. The individual role played by learners and their perspective on the project is assessed, not the execution of, or the success of, the project or activity itself. To provide sufficient evidence of their work learners are required to complete and submit evidence for the following four tasks. Task 1 – choosing a suitable project or activity Learners should submit a formal written report about the process and outcome of choosing a suitable project or activity. The report should include appropriate titles and sub-headings and be approximately 1000 words in length. Task 2 – planning the project or activity Learners must submit two pieces of work: 1. an action plan covering the preparation for and implementation of the project 2. either financial planning material or market communication material. Task 3 – implementing the plan Learners must submit two pieces of work: 1. a written record of the tasks they carried out and the results of the monitoring of progress against their identified criteria 2. evidence of preparing for negotiating with others at a meeting, carrying out the negotiation and recording the outcomes plus a written description of the situation in which they negotiated. Task 4 – evaluating the project or activity Learners produce a formal written report of approximately 1000 words, evaluating the success of the project or activity. It should be made clear to learners that their ability to evaluate using evidence will be being assessed, not their own performance or the performance of the project or activity. This is an important distinction to be made to learners as it is important that they are honest and critical as necessary regarding their project or activity. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 5 Section 1: Requirements of the syllabus 1.2 Assessment of the coursework As the teacher, you will need to mark the assignment using the marking criteria provided in the coursework (Centre-based assessment) section of the syllabus booklet. Where more than one teacher is involved at a Centre, a meeting will need to take place to ensure that all teachers are applying the mark scheme to the same standard. This is known as a standardisation (or coordination) meeting. More details about this are given later in the handbook. Once all the marking is complete, your Coordinator will need to check that that standard has been consistently maintained and so will need to sample the work of each teacher, this is called internal moderation. Again, there will be more details on this a little later on in the handbook. It is important when assessing candidates’ work to annotate their assignments throughout, to show where learners have achieved their marks and where they have moved through the mark bands. Such annotations inform the Internal Moderator in detail, how individual teachers have interpreted the mark scheme. All assessment decisions must be made objectively against only the listed criteria in order to maintain a common standard. Whether the Enterprise activity/project itself can be said to have failed or succeeded is not one of the assessment criteria. Instead what is assessed is listed below as three Assessment Objectives: Knowledge, Application and Analysis, and Evaluation. Whatever the emotional and academic engagement in the development of learners as entrepreneurs, assessors must consciously avoid any element of subjectivity, based on their knowledge of the learner and their expectations of how well that learner should perform. This summary table of assessment criteria from the syllabus provides a useful starting point in understanding the assessment process. Assessment Objectives 6 Weighting for coursework Knowledge Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the concepts, skills and terminology relating to Enterprise AO1 5% Application Skilfully apply knowledge and critical understanding to familiar and unfamiliar Enterprise problems and issues. Develop communication materials appropriate for the intended audience and purpose AO2 15% Analysis and evaluation Evaluate, analyse, explain and interpret information, in order to make judgements and conclusions relating to Enterprise problems and situations AO3 30% Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Section 1: Requirements of the syllabus For each task, assessors are provided with a detailed breakdown of each aspect or ‘strand’ that is assessed within it, so that the coursework evidence that each learner produces can be judged against the specific criteria at each level. The mark bands within each assessment strand build progressively upon each other. When assessing the work you should carefully consider all the evidence for that task in the light of the descriptions within the table, awarding marks as specified. When deciding which mark band to place a learner in, you should begin by searching for evidence that they have fulfilled the criteria for the highest mark band. If they have provided evidence in the coursework that matches the requirements of the top mark band, you can then assesses whether the evidence is sufficient to award the highest marks available in the range of that top mark band. If you do not consider the evidence sufficient to fulfil the criteria for even the lower end of the top mark band range, you should apply the same process to the next mark band down and then if necessary the mark bands below that. Once you have decided which mark band best describes the learner’s work and which mark should be awarded for the task, you should (ensure you have annotated the learner’s work appropriately) and then complete the Individual Candidate Record Card. 1.3 Teacher involvement As with all coursework, you will need to be able to verify that the work submitted for assessment is the learner’s own work. This is particularly important in IGCSE Enterprise if the activity or project is carried out as a group. The written assignments must be a learner’s own individual work. You will be expected to guide and support your learners as they plan and undertake their coursework activity. Discussion with the whole class and with individuals, as well as one-to-one and whole class supervisions, should take place at all stages of the coursework production. Below is a list of what teachers can and cannot do when guiding learners on aspects of the coursework. It also should provide some pointers as to what can be taught to the class as a whole and what needs to be covered in supervisions. Teachers are expected to: • Prepare learners fully to plan and manage an Enterprise project or activity. This means that teachers should deliver the prescribed subject content specified in the syllabus through a planned programme of study and should explain carefully what is required of the group or individual learners. • Guide learners in the choice of project or activity. • Raise learners’ awareness of the exact requirements of each coursework task; for example stipulating that learners produce either a Financial Plan or a Plan of Marketing Communications for Task 2. • *Consider the assessment criteria with learners to ensure that they are familiar with how marks can be gained in each task; recording their own role for Tasks 2 and 3; this includes drawing their attention to the skills being assessed through the work they submit. • Review progress towards meeting the assessment criteria and the deadline for completion of each task. • Discuss problems encountered and offer possible solutions towards completion of the tasks. * Learners should try to avoid just using simple statements or bullet point lists wherever possible. This is unlikely to show good understanding or analysis of issues, and therefore cannot be considered sufficient evidence to merit higher level marks. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 7 Section 1: Requirements of the syllabus Learners looking to achieve a mark in the higher mark bands would be expected to identify relevant points (both positive and negative issues) and be able to develop the points made in suitable detail. Judgements made should be relevant, detailed and supported by evidence gathered by the learner throughout the project. It is therefore important that learners try to obtain and keep evidence (possibly in a detailed log or diary) to help them support all conclusions that they make. Section 3 of this guide provides additional guidance on the quality of work expected for each task. All the tasks include optional activities for learners to choose from. This flexibility is to allow learners the opportunity to include material which is most appropriate for their individual Enterprise project. Learners should be discouraged from presenting evidence for all optional elements of each task. A scattergun approach – breadth at the expense of depth – can limit the learner’s ability to access the higher mark bands. It is better for learners to focus on a few specific issues and develop their explanations more fully for these points. A greater level of detail should aid learners as they try to meet the assessment criteria for the higher level mark bands. Teachers may also • Read the work of learners to monitor progress and offer encouragement to help motivate them to complete work to the deadlines. • Suggest alternative strategies learners may take when organising their Enterprise project or activity. • Recommend possible sources of information. Teachers must not • Provide all of the information for learners so that they do not need to undertake any research themselves. • Analyse and interpret the results and information for learners. • Write or correct the tasks for the learners. • Allow learners to produce a collaborative report with other members of the class. • Encourage or allow plagiarism from secondary sources. 1.4 Coverage of the syllabus by coursework The skills and knowledge required in the coursework correspond to the taught content of the course. The table below is a helpful guide to where the two components overlap. This should help you integrate the teaching and learning required to support your learners in the relatively independent nature of their projects and activities. On our secure online support for Cambridge teachers, Teacher Support, you will find a comprehensive scheme of work with many suggestions of activities that could be used to deliver the skills and knowledge of the IGCSE Enterprise syllabus, alongside suggested resources. 8 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Section 1: Requirements of the syllabus Task Evidence required Section of syllabus covered Task 1: Identifying a suitable project or activity Formal report Approximately 1000 words Topics 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 8.2 Task 2: Planning the project or activity Action Plan (a) A summary of the project or activity chosen (b) The skills that the candidate believes are important for entrepreneurs to possess, and an evaluation of the extent to which the candidate believes that they possess these skills (c) Evidence of the ways in which a problem or need was identified and researched by the candidate, including the sources used (questionnaires, internet, brainstorming, etc.) and presentation of the outcomes of research undertaken (d) An outline of the ways in which the problem or need could be solved or satisfied in an enterprising way (evidence could include PESTEL [Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal] analysis) (e) An explanation of the reasons for the candidate’s final choice of project or activity, and the reasons why the other ideas were rejected Topic 7 Plus Financial planning: Topic 6.4 and 6.5 • • Topic 6.2 • Income and expenditure budget Witness statement and notes for presentation regarding sources of finance Written evidence for choice of sources of finance Or Planning marketing communications: • • • Topic 8.4 Two examples of marketing communications Witness statement Written evidence of choice of communication Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 9 Section 1: Requirements of the syllabus Task Evidence required Section of syllabus covered Task 3: Implementing the plan Written record of carrying out their plans and monitoring progress Topic 3 Written description of their negotiations: Topic 5 • • Task 4: Evaluating the project or activity 10 Evidence of planning for and carrying out negotiation Written description of the outcome of the negotiation Formal report Approximately 1000 words evaluating the success of two of the following with recommendations for improvement: Two of: • • • • Topic 6 Topic 8 Topic 7 Topic 10 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Financing Marketing Planning Communicating Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity It is helpful to work through the process of carrying out the activity or project with your learners in a whole class lesson. This section breaks down the process and offers advice or clarification on each step. 2.1 Stages in carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Select a feasible project or activity Plan the project carefully before carrying it out Record all of the details in a business plan Implement the plan and run the project or activity, keeping a record of the candidate’s personal involvement Evaluate the success of how the project or activity was implemented 2.2 Choosing a suitable project or activity Learners must present evidence that consideration has gone into the process of choosing a suitable project or activity to undertake and that they have evaluated a number of activities before making a final choice. The simpler the idea, the easier it will be to organise and the greater the likelihood of successful implementation. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 11 Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 2.2.1 Learners working alone Learners working on their own will be taking sole responsibility for carrying out the project or activity. The project or activity should therefore be relatively small and simple to allow the learner the opportunity to succeed without being overwhelmed by the task. It should be noted that with a larger class, learners may struggle to identify a number of suitable activities or projects and in this situation it may be best to encourage learners to work in small groups. Learners working alone will not be able to evaluate the use of internal communications. They will therefore be limited in Task 4 to evaluation of two of the remaining three elements; finance, marketing communication and planning and implementation of the project. Suitable activities could include: • gardening/grass cutting • pet sitting/dog walking • baby sitting • car washing • making and selling jewellery or other small items • tutoring younger learners • small scale local community projects, such as environmental projects. 2.2.2 Learners working in groups Ideally small groups, with no more than six members, are best. Learners working in groups should carry out a larger, more complex activity or project that allows each person to play a separate, defined role. Each individual must be able to demonstrate their own role in the activity or project. Here are some suggestions of suitable projects and activities: • the manufacture of items for sale e.g. cards, printed t-shirts • providing a snack shop/bar • recycling clothes • staging an event such as a fashion show, exhibition or sporting contest • producing an instruction manual, newsletter or children’s book • local community projects, such as a environmental projects or similar funded community work. 2.2.3 Practical considerations The choice of project or activity will depend upon the range of facilities and resources available to learners, their own skills/talents and the amount of time allocated to run the activity or project. Learners may wish to consider social enterprise type projects where they will be focusing on staying within a set budget rather than making a profit. Teachers should encourage learners to make as many suggestions as possible. After identifying a wide range of possible events it is recommended that a minimum of two and a maximum of four projects or activities are evaluated to allow learners to select the most suitable event. 12 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity The final activity or project should be sufficiently complex to allow all learners the opportunity to produce evidence of all of the required elements, for later tasks, in their portfolio. Therefore there should be an opportunity to: • plan the activity and monitor progress; • produce income and expenditure budgets; • obtain finance; • communicate with potential customers; • negotiate with another person or group of people. Ideally the final activity or project chosen should involve external customers but it is recognised that internal activities or projects may be more practical for Centres. 2.3 Task 1: identifying a suitable project or activity 2.3.1 Presentation of the report To achieve Task 1, when identifying a suitable project or activity, candidates must submit a formal written report. The report should include appropriate titles and sub-headings (such as these suggested below) and should be in the region of 1000 words. (a) a summary of the project or activity chosen (b) the skills that the candidate believes are important for entrepreneurs to possess, and an evaluation of the extent to which the learner believes that they possess these skills (c) evidence of the ways in which a problem or need was identified and researched by the candidate, including the sources used (questionnaire, internet, brainstorming etc) and presentation of the outcomes of research undertaken (d) an outline of the ways in which the problem or need could be solved or satisfied in an enterprising way (evidence could include PESTEL analysis) (e) an explanation of the reasons for the learner’s final choice of project or activity, and the reasons why the other ideas were rejected. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 13 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Marks are awarded against each assessment criterion using the statements within the bands. A mark of zero should be awarded for non-creditworthy responses. AO Assessment guidelines for Task 1 Marks Additional guidance AO3 • 8–10 AO2 • AO1 • AO1 • Ability to analyse information and evaluate courses of action before making decisions Good ability to apply the skills of Enterprise to the identification of a suitable project or activity A variety of communication methods employed, fully suitable for the audience Reasonable knowledge of Enterprise concepts and terminology In the report, candidates are likely to show evidence that they have considered both the advantages and disadvantages of each project before making a decision. They are also likely to have used relevant terminology from the syllabus in their evidence and presented their materials using the required layouts. AO3 AO2 • • 5–7 AO1 • AO1 • Some attempt to analyse information before making decisions Reasonable ability to apply the skills of Enterprise to the identification of a suitable project or activity A variety of communication methods employed, but not completely suitable for the audience Some knowledge of Enterprise concepts and terminology The report may not be entirely suitable for the audience – there may be errors in layout, spelling or the language used for example. At this level there is likely to be evidence to show how the problem or need was identified, and evidence that the candidate has made some attempt to evaluate their own entrepreneurial skills. AO3 • 1–4 AO2 • AO1 • AO1 • Very little, if any, successful attempt to analyse or evaluate information before making decisions Limited ability to apply the skills of Enterprise to the identification of a suitable project or activity No variety in the methods of communication employed, or the communication was not suitable for the intended audience Limited knowledge of Enterprise concepts and terminology Work at this level is likely to be incomplete. The learner may perhaps present only one of the two required pieces or two partially-completed pieces of work. The work presented may perhaps be in written note form rather than in the formats requested. To gain marks in this task however, some use of relevant business concepts and terminology should be evident. Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 14 2.3.2 Assessing Task 1 Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 2.4 Task 2: planning the project or activity For Task 2 candidates must submit an action plan and evidence of either financial planning or the planning for marketing communications. 2.4.1 The action plan Having completed the research and chosen a project or activity, learners should produce an action plan that identifies the key activities to be undertaken. An action plan may look similar to the following, but it is important that learners are encouraged to take an individual approach to planning that suits their own individual project. Task Timing of activity Person responsible Date for completion How progress will be monitored Outcome Teachers should ensure that learners are familiar with the setting of clear and measurable monitoring criteria. It is important that learners record the progress of each activity against the criteria of the action plan so that they can evidence the results of their monitoring for Task 3. 2.4.2 Preparation of the business plan Learners may choose to produce financial plans or market communications in order to provide the evidence for this task. However, in order to help with planning and the success of their project or activity they should also be encouraged to produce a business plan. Please note candidates are not required to produce a busines plan as evidence of the task. Even without a business plan, they can still access all five mark bands for this task. The business plan could include the following: A Project/activity summary The aims and objectives and an overview of the project/activity (what they are doing and why). A short description of the project/activity The person/persons involved in the project/activity What the individual/group plan to do, why they think that their project/activity will be successful and who the target customers are. The marketing and sales strategy Why the organisers think that customers will buy their goods or services. What the needs and wants of the customers are and how the project/activity will fulfil them; how the activity will be marketed (posters, radio advertisements, magazine editorial etc.). Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 15 Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Details of the team or learner The people involved in the project/activity (including the learner); the skills each member of the team has. Operations Details of how the project/activity will be run. This should include; production facilities required (equipment, materials), staffing requirements (who will be doing what), risk assessments, timescales for the activity. Financial forecasts This section should include a simple income and expenditure budget; the financial needs and proposed source of finance. Review and evaluation How the activity will be reviewed and evaluated. 2.4.3 Financial planning In addition to the action plan, candidates will need to submit evidence of either financial planning or the planning of marketing communications. In the case of financial planning, candidates must submit the following three forms of evidence: • income and expenditure budget • witness statement and notes for presentation regarding sources of finance • written evidence for choice of sources of finance Income and expenditure budgets The budgets required for this task should include the following elements: • initial sources of finance and total sums available at start-up • anticipated items of income and expenditure over the period of planning and development • clear plans regarding the allocation of funds to cover specific components of the event • amount and allocation of contingency funds in case of unexpected circumstances • anticipated profit or loss for the event. An example of a budget for a small one-day market is included opposite. Learners should be able to complete similar information for their event. Social enterprise projects may not generate any income, but learners will be able to draw up and expenditure budget that shows how they intend to keep within the limits of the finance available to them. 16 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Example of a budget for a small one-day market Items Expenditure ($) Income ($) Loan from school for start-up 100 Income from stall booking (60 @ £5.00) 300 Income from refreshments 150 Total income 550 Payment for the use of field 50 Payment for portable toilets 100 Marketing costs 100 Purchase of refreshments 100 Stationery costs 20 Repayment of loan 100 Total expenditure 470 Profit 80 Witness Statement and notes for presentation regarding sources of finance Learners will have to present evidence of the presentation of their proposals for financing the project or activity. This evidence can take the form of the script used for the presentation, outline slides or other display materials. Video/CD/DVD evidence of the presentation should not be sent to the moderator. Learners should be encouraged to practise their presentation to ensure that it is fit for the audience chosen and that they are confident in their delivery of the material. The suitability of the learners’ communication for the intended audience will be the subject of assessment. Therefore learners must prepare the materials and make the presentation as an individual rather than as part of a group or group activity is being carried out. The learners’ evidence should be accompanied by a written witness statement from the teacher and/or business person who formed the audience for the presentation. It is expected that these statements will itemise details such as: • name of the student • type of event • date of event • size of the group being presented to • how the learner demonstrated listening skills Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 17 Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity • how well the learner interacted with the audience • learner’s skills development • the initiative show/problem solving skills demonstrated by the learner • signature, name and hob title of the person completing the witness statement and date of the statement. An example of a witness statement form is included below, although teachers may develop their own template providing that it supplies the above information. Witness Statement Name of school: Name of student: Date of event: Group size: Description of presentation observed: Comments on student performance: Comments on achievement of the assessment criteria (for which the activity provides evidence): Supporting notes/images used: Signatures Teacher 1 Witness: Teacher 2 Witness: Student signature: 18 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Date: Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Written evidence for the choices of sources of finance The final piece of evidence required for financial planning is a written record of the candidate’s consideration of the sources of finance available, and the choice finally reached. You should ensure that learners clearly show the sources of finance considered against the different needs of the project or activity. The table below shows how learners might record their findings to provide evidence for this section. Costs of materials & equipment Potential method of finance Advantages of source Disadvantages of source Method of finance chosen 2.4.4 Planning marketing communications If a candidate has chosen to submit evidence from planning marketing communications instead of financial planning they will need to provide: Two examples of marketing communications: learners may use any kind of media suitable for their chosen market. Evidence presented therefore could include: • Posters • Design plans for websites • Storyboards for television adverts • Written scripts for radio advertisements Learners do not need to produce a video tape of the television or radio advertisement. A written description, script or storyboard showing the ideas for the advertisement would be sufficient evidence for this work. A Witness Statement of a presentation by the individual candidate to a teacher or business person, including the use of visual materials. The presentation should cover the candidate’s proposed methods of marketing communications, together with the reasons for the candidate’s choices of communications. Written evidence of the candidate’s decision as to which one of their examples of marketing communications should be used, together with an explanation of why they believe that this method of marketing communications will be successful. The candidate should refer to reaching the potential market, attracting and retaining customers. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 19 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Marks are awarded against each assessment criterion using the statements within the bands. A mark of zero should be awarded for non-creditworthy responses. AO Assessment guidelines for Task 2 Marks Additional guidance AO3 • 19–23 AO2 • AO1 • • Very good ability to analyse information and evaluate courses of action before making decisions Excellent application of the skills of Enterprise to the planning of a project or activity Communication is very suitable for the audience or purpose Good knowledge of Enterprise concepts and terminology The work produced is likely to address all aspects required for Task 2. At this level there are likely to be few, if any, errors or gaps in the evidence collected. To achieve at the top of this level the financial or market communications plans would need to be detailed, and any decisions made, thoroughly justified. AO3 • Good ability to analyse information and evaluate courses of action before making decisions Good application of the skills of Enterprise to the planning of a project or activity Communication is very suitable for the audience or purpose Reasonable knowledge of Enterprise concepts and terminology 15–18 Work at this level is likely to include both required tasks. Each piece is likely to be presented in a suitable format for the intended audience and include a range of correctly-used concepts and Enterpriserelated terms. It is likely to include analysis justifying any decisions that have been made. However, at this level, there are also likely to be errors or gaps in the analysis which detract from the work. Reasonable attempt to analyse information before making decisions Reasonable ability to apply the skills of Enterprise to the planning of a project or activity Communication is reasonable suitable for the audience or purpose Reasonable knowledge of Enterprise concepts and terminology 11–14 To gain a mark at this level, there is likely to be some evidence of an attempt at both the tasks required. A range of concepts and Enterprise-related terms are likely to have been used and a clear attempt made (even if unsuccessful) to analyse information in order to make decisions. • • • AO3 • AO2 • AO1 • • Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 20 2.4.5 Assessing Task 2 AO Assessment guidelines for Task 2 Marks AO3 • Limited attempt to analyse or evaluate information before making decisions Some ability to apply the skills of Enterprise to the planning of a project or activity Communication is of limited suitability for the audience or purpose Some knowledge of Enterprise concepts and terminology 5–10 Work at this level is likely to show evidence of some attempt at both the tasks required. The work will contain some relevant Enterprise-related terms and concepts. The presentation of the action plan and financial plan or marketing communications may be unclear and inappropriate for the subject matter. There may be some limited attempt to justify decisions made. Very little, if any attempt to analyse or evaluate information before making decisions Limited ability to apply the skills of Enterprise to the planning of a project or activity Communication is generally not suitable for the audience or purpose Limited knowledge of Enterprise concepts and terminology 1–4 Work at this level is likely to be incomplete and poorly produced with little or no use of the terminology required. The presentation of the work may be poor, showing little understanding of what is required. • • • AO3 • AO2 • AO1 • • Additional guidance 21 Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 2.5 Task 3: implementing the plan 2.5.1 Producing written evidence of carrying out and monitoring the plan The activity or project is expected to be real and should therefore actually be carried out for the successful completion of Task 3. Learners need to complete a written record of the process of carrying out their action plan in Task 2. They must record the activities undertaken and monitor how these progressed. They should also record any problems and how these were resolved. This will provide important support for their final evaluation of the success of the project and its implementation. The written evidence can take many forms. A very effective way of ensuring that learners have the best opportunity to access all the available marks is for them to keep an individual log with pages for notes but they can also submit evidence in the following formats: • A wall planner or flow chart • A diary • Photographs • Witness or participant statements • Teacher observations Whatever format(s) are selected they must include all the actions or procedures carried out such as the planning, the project/activity schedule and any revisions that were made. Learners must include: • Personal contributions • How difficulties or disruptions were handled • How health, safety and security were implemented and sustained • Whether or not the original plan was kept to • Results of monitoring of progress. Learners should refer back to the Action Plan completed in Task 2. 2.5.2 Negotiating During the activity or project, learners will need to arrange finance and the rental of equipment or a suitable space from which to operate. Such situations can provide the evidence for the planning for negotiation element of Task 3. Learners should produce a written explanation which includes sufficient detail to be able to assess their skills in negotiating with others. The written explanation should also include the outcome of the negotiation. Topic 5 of the syllabus looks in detail at planning for negotiation and the process, which learners may find helpful. A record of the process may be laid out as shown below, but learners should be encouraged to plan their negotiations in a way that suits their own purpose. 22 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Plan for negotiation People involved: Date: Description of situation: Evidence to be used in discussion: Benefits of accepting my proposal: Outcome of negotiation: This explanation may be supported by a witness statement (such as that provided in Section 2.4.3), completed by a teacher who observed the negotiation. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 23 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Marks are awarded against each assessment criterion using the statements within the bands. A mark of zero should be awarded for non-creditworthy responses. AO Assessment guidelines for Task 3 AO2 • • AO2 • • AO2 • • Marks Additional guidance Good ability to apply the skills of Enterprise when implementing a plan Good ability to negotiate with others 6–7 Evidence at this level is likely to be detailed, clearly showing how the learner implemented the action plan or negotiated with others. Reasonable ability to apply the skills of Enterprise when implementing a plan Reasonable ability to negotiate with others 3–5 Evidence at this level is likely to show that the learner has used some of the skills identified in Topic 3.1 of the syllabus whilst implementing their plan. The skills may not be listed but the descriptions of work done are likely to show that the learner has applied their knowledge when implementing their plan. Limited ability to apply the skills of Enterprise when implementing a plan Limited ability to negotiate with others 1–2 Evidence at this level is likely to be brief and possibly incomplete. The learner may provide some description of the tasks that they performed and/or a negotiation undertaken. It is unlikely that an attempt will have been made to apply relevant terminology or theory. Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 24 2.5.3 Assessing Task 3 Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 2.6 Task 4: evaluating the project or activity Learners must assess the success of how the project or activity was implemented and the outcome, not their own performance. The following layout gives an example of how this might be done, although learners should be encouraged to produce their own, individual evaluations. Reported to: (Teacher’s name) Reported by: (Learner’s name) Date: Title: Evaluating (learner inserts the name of the activity or project) 1. Introduction A brief explanation of what the activity/project involved. 2. Findings Learners choose two of the following sub-headings to explain in detail. Finance An evaluation of how well finances were managed, including the suitability of the methods of finance used, the way income and expenditure were managed and monitored and the extent to which the enterprise achieved its financial aims. Or Marketing An evaluation of the success of the marketing communications selected. This could include evidence such as sales data, costs and benefits of the communications and any other advantages and disadvantages of the methods. Or Internal communication An evaluation of the success of the internal communication methods used. This could include comment on the suitability of the channels used, the flow, speed and accuracy of communication achieved etc. Note this section should not be chosen by learners working alone. Or Planning and implementation An evaluation of the methods used to plan the project/activity and the success with which these plans were put into practice. 3. Conclusion Learners make a judgement on the success of each of the activities covered in their findings section. 4. Recommendations Learners suggest how they could improve their work in the future by considering how any problems or difficulties might have been avoided or overcome and what other improvements might have been made. They could make use of evidence to illustrate their points, such as data, questionnaires, illustrations etc. They should take each of their two chosen areas in turn and must use evidence to say why the changes suggested would improve their work. 5. Appendix Evidence used to form the basis of the evaluations. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 25 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise When evaluating the outcome of the project or activity, teachers should bear in mind that assessment does not focus on how successful the enterprise was, but on how learners have used evidence to form the basis of analysis and evaluation regarding the outcome. It is likely that learners working as a group will present different views on this. Each learner’s evidence should be assessed individually against the criteria. Marks are awarded against each assessment criterion using the statements within the bands. A mark of zero should be awarded for non-creditworthy responses. AO Assessment Guidelines for Task 4 Marks Additional guidance AO3 • Excellent analysis and evaluation, with comprehensive use of evidence to substantiate claims. 17–20 At this level the learner is likely to have prepared a detailed, written report, using a suitable layout. A range of evidence is likely to have been organised making justified recommendations for improvement in both areas discussed. The evidence may have been used to show both the positive and negative aspects of the areas under discussion. AO3 • Good analysis and evaluation, with reasonable use of evidence to substantiate claims 13–16 At this level the candidate may attempt to explain both the successful and unsuccessful aspects of their enterprise. Evidence is likely to have been used to justify the points made. However, one or more key points may have been missed. A recommendation for improvement has probably been made with some attempt to explain why this will improve the enterprise. Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 26 2.6.1 Assessing Task 4 Assessment Guidelines for Task 4 Marks Additional guidance AO3 • Some analysis and evaluation, with reasonable use of evidence to substantiate claims 9–12 Work at this level is likely to cover both of the analytical and evaluative elements required; the evidence having been presented using a report format. The candidate may have attempted to organise some evidence to show both the success and failure of the enterprise with respect to the elements under discussion. However, the discussion may be unbalanced. There may be attempts to both use the evidence to draw a conclusion, and to justify any recommendations for improvement (even if unsuccessful). AO3 • Limited analysis and evaluation, with reasonable use of evidence to substantiate claims 5–8 Work at this level is likely to show some attempt to weigh up either the success or failure of the enterprise with respect to the aspects chosen. The candidate may make some limited attempt to use evidence to justify the decision made; this is likely to be very brief. There may be a recommendation for improvement but this is likely to have not been justified with evidence. AO3 • Very limited analysis and evaluation, with reasonable use of evidence to substantiate claims. 1–4 Work at this level is likely to be incomplete, with only one of the required elements being explained. The candidate may make a decision as to the success of the project and/or the way it was implemented. There is likely to be an attempt to provide some evidence to support this view. The candidate may not present the work using a formal report format. 27 Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise AO Section 2: Carrying out the Enterprise project or activity 2.7 Coursework checklist In order that learners can access all levels of each coursework task it is important that they complete all parts of the tasks. The following checklist has been provided to help teachers and learners to check that coursework is complete by ticking each piece of evidence shown in the learners’ work. Task Evidence required Included Tick [9] Task 1 Identifying a suitable project or activity Formal report about choosing a suitable project or activity – approx 1000 words [ ] Task 2 Planning the project or activity Action Plan of how the project or activity will be prepared for and carried out [ ] Financial planning: • Income and expenditure budget • Witness statement and notes for presentation regarding sources of finance • Written evidence of choice of sources of finance [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] OR Task 3 Implementing the plan Planning market communications: • Two examples of marketing communications • Written evidence of choice of communication [ ] [ ] Written record of the tasks carried out and results of monitoring [ ] Written description of their negotiations: • • Task 4 Evaluating the project or activity 28 Evidence of planning for and carrying out negotiation Written description of the outcome of the negotiation [ ] [ ] Written report – approx 1000 words evaluating the success of two of the following: Financing Marketing Planning Communicating Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise [ [ [ [ ] ] ] ] Section 3: Administration of coursework Section 3: Administration of coursework 3.1 Annotation When assessing a learner’s work the teacher must make annotations on each task. The work must show how the marks have been awarded in relation to the marking criteria. Appropriate annotation might include showing where and which Assessment Objectives have been demonstrated in a particular task. Teachers may wish to add comments, but these should only make reference to how well the learner has demonstrated the assessment criteria. Where appropriate, the teacher should also show where the learner has shown the necessary skills to move up a mark band. 3.2 Completion of forms There are two separate sets of paperwork, listed below, that must be sent to Cambridge at the end of the course. Both should arrive as soon as possible but no later than the dates specified in the Administrative Guide for Centres. 1. The top copy of the computer-printed Mark Sheet (MS1), recording all the learners’ marks, should be sent to Cambridge in the specially provided envelope. 2. A sample of learners’ coursework, consisting of the following four components, should be sent to Cambridge for external moderation. (a) (b) (c) (d) A completed Individual Candidate Record Card for each learner A completed Coursework Assessment Summary Form for the whole group The second copy of the Mark Sheet (MS1) that was sent to Cambridge A sample of learners’ work covering a range of learners and marks Examples of the Individual Candidate Record Card and the Coursework Assessment Summary Form can be found in the Appendix. The four components that make up the coursework sample are described in more detail below. 3.2.1 The Individual Candidate Record Card Marks awarded to each learner for all assessments throughout the course must be recorded on their own Individual Candidate Record Card. Ideally this card should be filled in after each assessment is completed during the course and maintained as a record, rather than being filled in retrospectively at the end of the course. If a learner is absent for all or part of a task they should be recorded as ‘absent’ and not given a mark of zero. Details of how to complete the form can be found in the Appendix. Towards the end of the course, when all assessments are complete, each learner’s final mark must be calculated. The four task totals should then be added together to find the overall total (a maximum mark of 60), which should then be recorded in the total box. Please note the final marks should be the final moderated marks and not the teacher’s original marks (if they differ). Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 29 Section 3: Administration of coursework 3.2.2 The Coursework Assessment Summary Form This form is used to record all the learners’ total marks for each task and also their overall total marks. In Centres where more than one teacher assesses coursework, each learner’s internally moderated mark must also be recorded on this form. Details of how to complete the form can be found in the Appendix. Any changes to marks due to moderation should be signed by the Internal Moderator, as well as the teacher responsible for filling in the form. The totals from this sheet are transferred to the Mark Sheet (MS1) that is sent to Cambridge. 3.2.3 The Mark Sheet (MS1) The computer-printed Mark Sheet lists the learner names and numbers of all the learners entered for the examination. All the learners’ total marks (the overall totals or, if more than one teacher assesses coursework, the internally moderated totals) from the Coursework Assessment Summary Form must be accurately transferred to the Mark Sheet (MS1). The top copy of the MS1 should be sent separately to Cambridge in the specially provided envelope and the second copy should be included with the coursework sample so that the External Moderator can check that the marks have been correctly transferred. 3.3 Internal standardisation Where more than one teacher is involved in the marking of the practical coursework component, standardisation is essential. All teachers involved in the marking must have a common understanding of the mark scheme so that assessment can be carried out consistently. Each school appoints an Internal Moderator from amongst the more experienced teachers delivering the subject and it is their task to ensure the quality and consistency of the marking. It is important that staff therefore hold a standardisation meeting at the earliest opportunity that material is available, during which all teachers agree on the quality of specimens of work. At such meetings there should be consideration of: • the mark schemes • three pieces of work that illustrate three different mark bands. Teachers should ensure that they give equal importance to each strand of the mark scheme (knowledge with understanding, skills and analysis, and conclusion and evaluation). At the meeting there should be a discussion of the quality of the work. Each example should be assigned to a mark band and lastly, a mark should be decided. Exact agreement on the mark is unlikely but there should be general agreement. It is very beneficial to hold similar meetings at intervals during the course. This saves time when internal moderation takes place. Standardisation can also take place throughout the course at points where sufficient material becomes available. Where only one member of staff is involved in the delivery and assessment of this coursework component, a line manager should take responsibility for standardisation. 30 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Section 3: Administration of coursework 3.4 Internal moderation This meeting is essential if there are two or more teaching sets entering candidates from the Centre and they have a different teacher/moderator. It should take place after all marking has been completed. An experienced and senior member of staff must take responsibility for ensuring that marking has been carried out consistently and to the required standard by all assessors in the Centre. This person is referred to as the Internal Moderator. The function of the Internal Moderation meeting then is to establish a single, reliable rank order for all the candidates in the Centre and it must be held just before marks are submitted to Cambridge. The Centre should select a few experienced teachers (who are known to be reliable assessors), and who can meet in order to assess the marking of each set in turn. 1. First they must agree on the marking of each other’s candidates. 2. Next, they must examine a sample of ten submissions from each of the other sets in turn. This sample should include the full range of candidate abilities experienced, from the highest to the lowest mark. 3. The marks may be approved, or judged to be either: • consistently harsh overall • consistently generous overall • consistently harsh within a particular range of the marks • consistently generous within a particular range of the marks. Consistent marking allows moderators to amend either harsh or generous marking traits across all of a teacher’s marking based on their judgement of a sample of the work, this is called ‘scaling’. This is one of several reasons why standardisation is so important. If the moderating teachers are not sure how to adjust marks, (that is to say they are not able to see a clear and consistent pattern of marking that can be scaled) they may call for more folders from a teaching set. Where the marking is inconsistent, they should try to discern the pattern from the additional samples. If no pattern can be discerned after investigation, these samples may need to be remarked. Where marking is inconsistent, it is usually because one of the criteria in the mark schemes has been considered more important than the rest. Another common issue is when an unduly large number of candidates have been given the same mark and it is impossible to agree that the work is of the same quality. This can usually be resolved by asking the teacher to redistribute the candidates over a three or even four-mark range. When the process is at an end, the internal Moderator should make sure that all the amendments to the marks are recorded on the Coursework Assessment Summary Form and that these are the final marks to be recorded on the individual coursework submissions and on the mark sheets as well as being those that are submitted to Cambridge. In Centres where only one member of staff is involved in the delivery and assessment of this coursework component, a line manager should assume responsibility for the internal moderation process. Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 31 Section 3: Administration of coursework 3.5 The external moderation sample If you are a UK Centre, Cambridge will select a list of learners whose work is required for external moderation. The number of coursework samples Cambridge will ask you to provide is based on the number of candidates you have entered. Number of candidates entered Total number of candidates whose work is required 1 to 15 all candidates 15 to 100 15 101 to 200 20 More than 200 10% If you are an International Centre then you will need to select your own samples of candidate work. Number of candidates entered Total number of candidates whose work is required 1 to 10 all candidates 11 to 50 10 51 to 100 15 101 to 200 20 More than 200 10% As soon as your sample is prepared, send the candidates’ work with the corresponding Individual Candidate Record Cards, the Coursework Assessment Summary Form and the second copy of MS1 to Cambridge. The sample will include the work of the highest and lowest marked pieces of work. The remaining work in the sample will reflect the whole range of marks awarded. All work submitted must be clearly identified, and should include the following details: – – – – – – Centre number Centre name Learner number Learner name Unit code and title Project title All work should be securely fastened together to ensure that all relevant material(s) are presented for assessment and moderation. This is particularly important when work is sent for external moderation. The external moderator can only verify the marks if the necessary evidence is presented. Should any material not be presented, it could affect the overall marks awarded to learners. 32 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Appendices Appendices Individual Candidate Record Card Coursework Assessment Summary Form Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 33 Appendices 34 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise v0.3 ENTERPRISE Individual Candidate Record Card Cambridge IGCSE Please read the instructions printed overleaf and the General Coursework Regulations before completing this form. 2 Centre Number Centre Name June/November Candidate Number Candidate Name Teaching Group/Set 0 Title of Coursework Task 3: Implementing the plan Task 4: Evaluating the project or activity TOTAL *(max 10) *(max 23) *(max 7) *(max 20) *(max 60) * Indicates mark to be transferred to Coursework Assessment Summary Form Amount of scaling if relevant Internally Moderated Mark Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise *(max 60) WMS 0454/02/CW/I/15 35 Appendices Individual Candidate Record Card Task 2: Planning the project or activity v0.4 Task 1: Identifying a suitable project or activity Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Complete the information at the head of the form. Mark the Coursework assignment for each candidate according to instructions given in the Syllabus. Enter marks and total marks in the appropriate spaces. Complete any other sections of the form required. Ensure that the addition of marks is independently checked. It is essential that the marks of candidates from different teaching groups within each Centre are moderated internally. This means that the marks awarded to all candidates within a Centre must be brought to a common standard by the teacher responsible for co-ordinating the internal assessment (i.e. the internal moderator), and a single valid and reliable set of marks should be produced which reflects the relative attainment of all the candidates in the Coursework component at the Centre. The outcome of internal moderation, in terms of the number of marks added to or subtracted from the initial total, must be clearly written in the box marked ‘Amount of scaling if relevant’. If no scaling is necessary, please indicate by writing a zero in this box. 6. Transfer the marks to the Coursework Assessment Summary Form in accordance with the instructions given on that document. 7. Retain all Individual Candidate Record Cards and Coursework which will be required for external moderation. See also the instructions on the Coursework Assessment Summary Form. Note: These Record Cards are to be used by teachers only for students who have undertaken Coursework as part of their Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate. Appendix: Individual Candidate Record Card 36 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATE RECORD CARDS ENTERPRISE Coursework Assessment Summary Form Cambridge IGCSE Please read the instructions printed overleaf and the General Coursework Regulations before completing this form. Centre Number Candidate Number Centre Name Candidate Name June/November Teaching Group/ Set Task 1: Identifying a suitable project or activity (max 10) Task 2: Task 3: Task 4: Planning the Implementing Evaluating project or the plan the project or activity activity (max 23) (max 7) (max 20) 0 Total Mark Internally Moderated Mark (max 60) (max 60) Signature Date Name of internal moderator Signature Date 0454/02/CW/S/15 37 Appendix: Coursework Assessment Summary Form Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Name of teacher completing this form WMS 2 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 1. Complete the information at the head of the form. 2. List the candidates in an order which will allow ease of transfer of information to a computer-printed Coursework mark sheet MS1 at a later stage (i.e. in candidate index number order, where this is known; see item B.1 below). Show the teaching group or set for each candidate. The initials of the teacher may be used to indicate group or set. 3. Transfer each candidate’s marks from his or her Individual Candidate Record Card to this form as follows: (a) Where there are columns for individual skills or assignments, enter the marks initially awarded (i.e. before internal moderation took place). (b) In the column headed ‘Total Mark’, enter the total mark awarded before internal moderation took place. (c) In the column headed ‘Internally Moderated Mark’, enter the total mark awarded after internal moderation took place. 4. Both the teacher completing the form and the internal moderator (or moderators) should check the form and complete and sign the bottom portion. B. PROCEDURES FOR EXTERNAL MODERATION 1. University of Cambridge International Examinations sends a computer-printed Coursework mark sheet MS1 to each Centre (in late March for the June examination and in early October for the November examination) showing the names and index numbers of each candidate. Transfer the total internally moderated mark for each candidate from the Coursework Assessment Summary Form to the computer-printed Coursework mark sheet MS1. 2. The top copy of the computer-printed Coursework mark sheet MS1 must be despatched in the specially provided envelope to arrive as soon as possible at Cambridge but no later than 30 April for the June examination and 31 October for the November examination. 3. Cambridge will select a list of candidates whose work is required for external moderation. As soon as this list is received, send the candidates’ work with the corresponding Individual Candidate Record Cards, this summary form and the second copy of MS1 to Cambridge. Indicate the candidates who are in the sample by means of an asterisk (*) against the candidates’ names overleaf. 4. Cambridge reserves the right to ask for further samples of Coursework. 5. Send, with the sample work, instructions given to candidates and information as to how internal moderation was carried out. Appendix: Coursework Assessment Summary Form 38 A. INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING COURSEWORK ASSESSMENT SUMMARY FORMS Appendix: Coursework Assessment Summary Form Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 39 Appendix: Coursework Assessment Summary Form 40 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise Appendix: Coursework Assessment Summary Form Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 41 Cambridge International Examinations 1 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB1 2EU, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1223 553554 Fax: +44 (0)1223 553558 Email: info@cie.org.uk www.cie.org.uk ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 v1 3Y05 *9815176355*