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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
0450 BUSINESS STUDIES
0450/01
Paper 1 (Short Answer/Structured Response),
maximum raw mark 100
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began.
All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated.
Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the
examination.
The grade thresholds for various grades are published in the report on the examination for most
IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses.
•
CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes.
CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2006 question papers for most IGCSE,
GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level
syllabuses.
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MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2006 question paper
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International General Certificate of Secondary Education
Page 2
Mark Scheme
IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006
1 (a)
Syllabus
0450
(i)
Gulliver’s sales = 1/8 of total sales in 2005 [1] = 12.5% of $400m =
$50m [2] $ sign NOT needed. m required for 2 marks. Only 1 mark for
50.
(ii)
Growth in total sales = $100m. [1] This is on a base of $300m. [1]
Thus % growth = 33.3% [3] % sign NOT needed. 33% accepted as
correct.
(b)
Price elastic demand implies that the demand for the service is highly
responsive to price changes. This might well be expected in a family holiday
market where competition is high and where value for money is thought to
be important.
Explanation of price elastic [1-2]
Application of concept to travel market [1-2]
(c)
Marketing mix usually thought to include the 4 Ps. Thus other elements
would be promotions, product or place. Thus focus could be on getting more
exciting/better destinations [product]; selling them through a different range
of travel outlets/internet [place]; promoting them more extensively by above
and below the line methods. Price promotion NOT accepted.
1 mark for identification of a method
[1-3] for explaining/applying method in context. Max of 2 marks here for noncontextual answer.
(d)
(i)
Target is highly appropriate/direct customer feedback/experience fresh
in memory [good timing]/ sample method where selection is based on
direct experience. Discussion can also focus on the use of a
questionnaire or using primary data collection.
Discussion of factors [1-2]
Explanation as to why Gulliver’s would find the data of value and
hence have used this method [1-2]
(ii)
Response rate might be low/those who do respond may not be typical/
more likely to respond if complaining. Data inaccurate because either
incomplete or biased in some way. Problems might stem from poorly
drafted questionnaire.
Reason [1]
Discussion/explanation of reason/bias [1]
Application [1-2]
(i)
Asset with a life span in excess of a year [2] Long term [1] Owned by
the business [1] An example such as a piece of machinery [1]
Simple idea such as something that a business owns [1]
(ii)
Current asset likely to be stock/debtors/cash [1] Alternatively an
example such as an item of stock such as televisions [1]
(iii)
Cash flow forecast is a prediction [1] of cash movements into and out
of a business over time [2] Answer must include reference to a
prediction for it to gain 2 marks.
2 (a)
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Mark Scheme
IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006
(b)
(c)
Syllabus
0450
(i)
The accounts of the business would show the net worth of the
company. They would also show the capital structure. Thus bank
manager would be able to judge whether a loan was appropriate and
what kind of security could be offered.
Understanding of reasons [1-2]
Analysis of what financial books of a business show [1-2]
(ii)
Giovanni would need to consider the capital needs [short/long]/
financial risk/ownership dilution/cost/appropriateness given
circumstances.
Identification of factors [1-3]
Application and analysis of factors [1-2]
(i)
Current ratio = C.A./C.L. [1] = 110/120 = 0.916 [2] Answers in range
0.90 to 0.92 accepted as correct. 1 mark for method, 1 mark for
accuracy. Method assumed if correct answer.
(ii)
Liquidity position refers to the ease by which a business can acquire
cash in relation to its short term financial obligations. The current ratio
is a measure of this and ideally should produce a result of approx. 1.5.
This business is below 1 and hence its liquidity position can be
regarded as weak.
Consideration of liquidity [1-2]
Application to Giovanni [1-2]
3 (a)
Range of factors might be considered. These include – financial incentives
offered/appropriateness of site/proximity to markets/suitability of labour force
/local wage rates/local cost structure/tax factors/planning permission/supply
chain factors/environmental issues. Also acceptable once will be issues as
whether to locate in country z as opposed to locating in another country.
Remember though that this question is a location decision question.
Identification of factors [3]
Analysis of factors in context [1-3]
If answer gives more than one similar factor [e.g. utilities such as water
supply or power] then reward ONLY once
(b)
These laws cover a variety of issues that impact upon employees in a
factory. They include matters like protection from dangers in the work place/
disposal of industrial waste/protective clothing/training. Also acceptable are
wider external safety issues such as waste disposal. Ignorance of a law is
no defence and hence knowledge is essential to make sure that breaches
do not occur. This would result in expensive court cases and damage to
reputation.
Knowledge and understanding of laws including example [1-2]
Evaluation of laws showing importance to management [1-2]
(c)
Benefits of trade union membership include – ensure that legal rights are
enforced/protection and help in cases of dispute with management/support
and advice/strength in numbers and hence often better conditions/wages
agreed.
Identification of benefits [1-4] or two benefits developed and explained.
Consideration of benefits [1-2]
Thus 4 marks can come either from 4 points or 2 points developed.
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Mark Scheme
IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006
(d)
4 (a)
Syllabus
0450
(i)
B [1] because rise was $4000 [1] $ sign not needed. Also accept 40%
(ii)
Wage increases are related to market conditions [labour shortages]/
ability to pay [profitability]/company ethical stance/trade union
pressure.
Identification of reasons [1-2]
Explanation of reasons [1-2]
(i)
Gurinder’s style can be described as autocratic/bullying/opinionated/
ruthless.
2 marks for autocratic plus 1 further mark for saying why.
If more general term used such as bullying then 1 mark plus possible
second mark for saying why. Must use the term autocratic to gain full
marks.
(ii)
Generally one would say no. However business was profitable/
successful and paid high wages. If M.D. is far more able than
employees and they are unskilled then the method works. However
little job satisfaction/fear exists/little by way of human needs met.
Identification of a few key issues [1-3]
Argues a case using evaluative judgement [1-3]
Answers can be balanced or one sided. Max 5 marks for an answer
that fails to make a positive assertion [yes or no]
(b)
Delegation refers to the passing on of authority to a subordinate to carry out
a task. Knowledge of term [1]
Understanding of term [1-2]
(c)
(i)
(ii)
5 (a)
(b)
Redundancy means that an employee is removed because the job
they did no longer exists. Thus answer is no because removal was
done as a result of a failure to carry out a task.
Assertion – no [1] Justification [1]
In Gurinder’s business there appears little opportunity for job
satisfaction. Few if any of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are met. Thus
money becomes particularly important in such circumstances. Indeed
there appears to be little other reason to work for this company.
L1 understanding of money and motivation [1-2]
Application to case [1-2]
Evaluation [1-2] This is judgement based on analysis/understanding of
the situation.
Profit is the surplus of revenue over allocated costs in a given time period.
For many businesses in the private sector it represents a major objective
and is often the reason for the existence of such a business. J.T. is a private
sector business and thus profit would be important because – represents the
return on the investment of its owners/is a source of funds to help finance
long term growth and is ultimately needed to ensure the long term survival of
the business.
Knowledge of importance [1-3]
Added value is the difference between the cost of bought in resources and
the price at which the “finished product” sells. In this context it is the
difference between the costs of rearing animals and their market price.
Knowledge of concept [1-2]
Understanding of concept in context [1]
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Mark Scheme
IGCSE - OCT/NOV 2006
Syllabus
0450
(c)
Depreciation of a currency implies a loss of value of a currency measured in
terms of other currencies. Thus a fall in a currency on world markets implies
that exports of that country will become cheaper to buyers in export markets.
This should allow increased sales to occur and profits to rise. Such a change
will be broadly beneficial. The gains might be partially offset if bought in
resources are sourced abroad.
Knowledge of depreciation [1]
Application and analysis of depreciation [1-3]
(d)
Social benefits refer to the gains to society as a whole as a result of
business activity. In this context J.T. might be expected to create direct and
indirect employment opportunities/maintain the local environment/rural
beauty.
Identification of benefits showing knowledge [1-2]
Application of benefits in context of case and development of benefits
showing understanding [1-2]
(e)
Changes might refer to structural adjustments or perhaps to the
development of a few major industries or companies such as multinationals.
Can also include government’s measures of significance. Reference must
be made to jobs created and also to the impact that the changes have had
on output/availability of goods/exports and hence on national wealth. For the
change identified to be acceptable it must refer to a macro change not a
small scale micro one. Thus opening of a large multinational is acceptable
but NOT the opening of say a new shop in a town.
Identification of changes [1-2]
Analysis of changes in terms of employment [1-2]
Analysis of changes in terms of impact on national wealth [1-2] This is not
about wealth redistribution e.g. tax changes but about wealth creation.
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