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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
8666/01
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Paper 1
October/November 2005
3 hours
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs,or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer four questions, 1 question from each of Sections A, B and C and 1 other from any section.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 8 printed pages.
SP (CW/KS) S87022/3
© UCLES 2005
[Turn over
2
Section A Applied Anatomy and Physiology
Answer at least one question from this section.
1
(a) Using an example, describe a synovial joint.
[2]
(b) With reference to the knee joint, during the execution of the leg press, identify the following:
(i)
Type of joint,
(ii)
Type of joint movement,
(iii)
Agonist muscle.
[3]
(c) Using a sporting example explain the following functions of muscle:
(i)
Fixator,
(ii)
Synergist.
[4]
(d) During exercise, blood flow is redirected towards working muscles from the major organs
using the vascular shunt mechanism.
Describe the vascular shunt mechanism.
© UCLES 2005
8666/01/O/N/05
[6]
3
(e) The diagram below shows the human respiratory system. Identify points A–E and state the
function of areas A and B.
[5]
A
B
C
D
E
(f)
Physical exercise has an effect on blood pressure.
(i)
Describe how blood pressure is measured.
[1]
(ii)
How does exercise affect blood pressure?
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2005
8666/01/O/N/05
[Turn over
4
2
(a) Complete the table below:
Joint
Joint Type
Articulating Bones
shoulder
A
B
C
D
femur and tibia
radio-ulnar
E
[5]
(b) With reference to the diagrams below describe the movements which have occurred at the
(i)
shoulder
(ii)
elbow
(iii)
wrist
from the preparation to the execution phases of a shot put.
[3]
(c) Use a sporting example to explain the following terms:
(i)
Agonist,
[2]
(ii)
Antagonist.
[2]
(d) During exercise the process of neuromuscular control determines the effectiveness of
muscular contraction.
Explain the term ‘spatial summation’ in relation to neuromuscular control.
[3]
(e) Heart rate during exercise is controlled in a number of ways.
Describe the process of neural control in the regulation of heart rate.
(f)
[5]
The efficient transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide is required during a marathon.
Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the body.
[5]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2005
8666/01/O/N/05
5
Section B Acquisition of Skill
Answer at least one question from this section.
3
(a) Using sporting examples explain the differences between externally and internally paced
skills.
[4]
(b) There are many theories to explain how an individual learns motor skills.
Explain the Association Theory of Learning.
[4]
(c) Feedback is essential in the development of motor skills.
Using a sporting example explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback. [5]
(d) A Physical Education teacher or coach should always be aware of the opportunities for the
transfer of learning.
Explain, using relevant examples, the terms positive and negative transfer.
(e) (i)
(ii)
[4]
Using sporting examples, explain the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic
motivation.
[4]
Describe the positive and negative effects of extrinsic motivation.
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2005
8666/01/O/N/05
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4
(a) The classification of motor skills help the coach/teacher to improve an athlete’s performance.
(i)
Using a sporting example define a motor skill.
[2]
(ii)
Explain the difference between an open and closed skill.
[5]
(b) Reinforcement is the process used which increases the probability of behaviour reoccurring.
Using sporting examples, show the difference between positive and negative reinforcement.
[4]
(c) Schema Theory is often applied by teachers and coaches in the learning of new skills.
Using examples from sport, identify the four rules of schema.
[4]
(d) Many models have been developed to explain the process of Information Processing.
Using the model shown in the diagram below explain the function of the perceptual
mechanism.
[3]
S.T.M
Input
Perceptual
Mechanism
L.T.M
Decision
Mechanism
Effector
Mechanism
Output
Internal Feedback
External Feedback
(e) Fitts and Posner identified several phases in the learning of movement skills.
Give the characteristics of the cognitive phase of learning.
(f)
[3]
Using sporting examples explain the differences between psychomotor and gross motor
abilities.
[4]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2005
8666/01/O/N/05
7
Section C Contemporary Studies in Physical Education and Sport
Answer at least one question from this section.
5
(a) Leisure is more than free time, and more than just an activity.
How is leisure used as a form of social control?
[4]
(b) Play is for everyone. What role does play have for the following groups?
(i)
Adults
(ii)
Children
[4]
(c) Define sportsmanship. How would you, as a coach, ensure that your team play the game in a
sporting manner?
[5]
(d) “Discrimination occurs when a particular societal group is constrained or held back (in
sport) by factors that are not applied to the dominant group.” (Advanced PE for OCR: S van
Wely et al.)
Explain either
(i)
the factors that prevent participation in sport for those over the age of 50 years;
or
(ii)
the factors which prevent the participation in sport of those who are disabled.
[6]
(e) (i)
(ii)
Why do sportspeople take performance enhancing drugs?
[3]
In what ways does drug taking damage the image of sport?
[3]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2005
8666/01/O/N/05
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8
6
(a) Outdoor Recreation implies the direct use of the natural environment.
What are the characteristics of Outdoor Recreation?
[3]
(b) Safety in outdoor education is paramount.
As a leader, describe the measures you would take to reduce the risks to members of your
group when undertaking Outdoor Education.
[3]
(c) Sport is administered in different ways.
Name an agency responsible for the administration of sport in a country of your choice, and
describe its function.
[4]
(d) (i)
Identify the factors which lead to violence amongst players and spectators at sporting
events.
[4]
(ii)
Describe ways in which governing bodies and government agencies are tackling the
problems of violence in sport.
[4]
(e) Use examples from Sport to explain the positive and negative effects of the media on sport.
[7]
[Total: 25]
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1(b)
Question 1(e)
Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from Advanced Physical Education and Sport for A Level, 2nd Edition, ISBN 0 7487
5304 4, Honeybourne, Hill and Moors first published in 1996.
From Advance PE for OCE AS by D. Carnell, J. Ireland, C. Jones, K. Mackreth and S. van Wely. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt
Education.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2005
8666/01/O/N/05