Why Map Prisoner Reentry?
4th National Crime Mapping
Conference
UCL Jill Dando Institute for
Crime Science
Wednesday May 24, 2006
Nancy La Vigne, Ph.D
Senior Research Associate
The Urban Institute
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be
attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Community perspectives on reentry
• Why map reentry/resettlement?
• The Reentry Mapping Network
• Lessons learned from the Reentry Mapping
Network
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
MORE PEOPLE LEAVING PRISON
More than 630,000 Released in 2001 in US
700,000
600,000
Admissions
500,000
Releases
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
00
20
98
19
96
19
94
19
92
19
90
19
88
19
86
19
84
19
82
19
80
19
78
19
Source: The Urban Institute, 2001. Based on BJS National Prisoner Statistics.
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
CHALLENGES FOR PRISONER REENTRY
Prisoners Face Many Reintegration Challenges
• Substance Abuse
• Health (Physical and
Mental)
High Rates of Reoffending:
• 47% reconvicted w/in 3
yrs in US
• Employment
• Housing
• 58% reconvicted w/in 2
yrs in UK
• Family reunification
• 38% reconvicted w/in 2
yrs in AU
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Community perspectives on reentry
• Why map reentry?
• Recent work from partners in the Reentry
Mapping Network
• Lessons learned from the Reentry Mapping
Network
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
COMMUNITIES BEAR MUCH OF THE
BURDEN
• Returning prisoners cluster within regions
• And within a few major cities
–
–
–
–
Chicago (Illinois) 53%
Baltimore (Maryland) 59%
Detroit (Michigan) 28%
Providence (Rhode Island) 36%
• High-return communities more disadvantaged:
– families living below the poverty level
– unemployed persons
– female-headed households Prisoners return to a small number of
communities
• Reentry reduces the stability of communities
• Reentry increases public safety risks
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Geographic Distribution of Released Prisoners
in Maryland
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Prisoner Reentry in Baltimore
Communities
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Prisoner Reentry in One Baltimore
Community
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Community perspectives on reentry
• Why map reentry?
• The Reentry Mapping Network
• Lessons learned from the Reentry Mapping
Network
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
CHALLENGES FOR PRISONER REENTRY
How Mapping Reentry Can Help
Local Data Can Answer Important Reentry Questions
• Where are prisoners returning?
• What do the reentry neighborhoods look like?
• What services are needed and available for ex-prisoners
and their families in these areas?
• How are local communities affected by prisoner reentry?
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Inform Prevention & Investigation
Efforts
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Assign Police/Corrections Caseloads
Maximum supervision
caseload, Agent X
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Protect At-Risk Populations
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Correct Misperceptions
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URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Correct Misperceptions
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Develop Violence Prevention Strategies
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Understand Community Context
filler
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Engage the Community
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Identify Service Locations
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Coordinate Service Provision
CJ Populations and TANF Recipients in Brooklyn
Incarcerated Residents
> 3 Std. Dev.
(1 Yr)
TANF Recipients
2 – 3 Std. Dev.
> 3 Std. Dev.
1 – 2 Std. Dev.
2 – 3 Std. Dev.
0 – 1 Std. Dev.
1 – 2 Std. Dev.
Mean = 50.5
0 – 1 Std. Dev.
-1 – 0 Std. Dev.
Mean = 204
-1 – 0 Std. Dev.
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Identify Gaps in Service Delivery
filler
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Evaluate Interventions
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Community perspectives on reentry
• Why map reentry?
• The Reentry Mapping Network
• Lessons learned from the Reentry Mapping
Network
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
The Reentry Mapping Network
RMN Purposes
1. Build capacity of partners to:
• Collect and map data
• Engage community in using the data
2. Develop resources for replicating
the RMN approach
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Drug Arrests per 1,00 Residents in Cleveland
Reentry Mapping Network Sites
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
THE REENTRY MAPPING NETWORK
Phase 1 Site Descriptions
• Non-Profit Center & Milwaukee Mayor’s Office (WI)
– Coordination of Agencies & Service Providers
• Urban Strategies Council (Oakland, CA)
– Community Challenges & Opportunities
• The Providence Plan (Providence, RI)
– Services and Residential Mobility
• The Child and Family Policy Center (Des Moines, IA)
– Family Impact & Parental Responsibility
• DC Agenda (Washington, DC)
– Employment Opportunities & Services
• Center for Community Safety (Winston-Salem, NC)
– Neighborhood Risks and Assets
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Community perspectives on reentry
• Why map reentry?
• The Reentry Mapping Network
• Lessons learned from the Reentry Mapping
Network
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
How to obtain reentry data
• Potential challenges to obtaining reentry
data:
– Lack of staff resources
– Problems with information systems
– Concerns about how the data will be used
• Solutions: Partnership, Partnership,
Partnership!
– Offer to provide staff
– Involve data provider more broadly in project
– Focus on value added to public safety, improving
outcomes for children and families of the incarcerated
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Analyzing and Interpreting the Data
• Understand the policy context of reentry
• Gain clarity on data elements
– How addresses are geocoded
– How supervision periods are coded
– What information is/is not available
• Work with community to interpret
– Providing context to the data
– Developing community ownership of the project
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Community Engagement Strategies
• Involve community groups early
• Include returning prisoner in
community dialogues
• Find common ground with partners
• Link to other efforts to sustain
partnership and extend its reach
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
URBAN INSTITUTE
Justice Policy Center
Nancy La Vigne – nlavigne@ui.urban.org
For more information on the Reentry Mapping Network, see:
http://jpc.urban.org/rmn.
For more information on prisoner reentry, see:
http://jpc.urban.org/reentry.
To receive monthly email updates of Justice Policy Center
research, send an email to: jpc@ui.urban.org.