2012 Wood Frame Construction Manual
Presented by:
John “Buddy” Showalter, PE
Michelle Kam-Biron, PE, SE, SECB
Vice President, Technology Transfer
Director of Education
Copyright © 2014 American Wood Council
Copyright
This presentation is protected by US and International
Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display
and use of the presentation without written
permission from AWC is prohibited.
 © American Wood Council 2014
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Learning Objectives
At the end of this program, participants will:
 Understand how the WFCM is referenced in the model building codes
 Understand the general layout of the 2012 WFCM
 Understand general provisions of the 2012 WFCM
 Understand new provisions of the 2012 WFCM relative to the 2001 WFCM
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Outline
Code references
1, 2 & 3 Chapter‐by‐chapter discussion
 Changes to 2012 version
Future Applications
Other resources
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Poll
?
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WFCM and IRC/IBC
2001 WFCM →
2003, 2006, 2009 IRC/IBC
2012 WFCM →
2012 IRC/IBC
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WFCM and IRC
R301.1.1 Alternative Provisions
 WFCM permitted
R301.2.1.1 Wind Design
 For bldgs. where wind design is required or > 110 mph use one or more of the following:
•
•
•
•
WFCM
ICC 600 (newly referenced)
ASCE 7
IBC
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WFCM and IBC
Chapter 16 – Determination of Wind Loads Section of IBC (1609.1.1)
 Wind loads in accordance with ASCE 7
• Exception: residential structures per WFCM
• Not used for structures on hills, ridges, or escarpments
Chapter 23 – Wood design
 2301.2 & 2308 conventional construction
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WFCM and 2012 IBC
WFCM 2001 2012
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2012 WFCM
Wood Frame Construction Manual
Editions are specific  2009 IBC references 2001 WFCM
 2012 IBC reference 2012 WFCM Copyright © 2014 American Wood Council
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WFCM
 Chapter 1: General
 Chapter 2: Engineered Design
 Chapter 3: Prescriptive Design
 General outline Chapters 2‐3
 Connections
 Floor systems
 Wall systems
 Roof systems
 Supplement (updated)
 Commentary
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WFCM
Chapter 1: General
Chapter 2: Engineered
Chapter 3: Prescriptive
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WFCM
Chapter 1: General
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Chapter 1: General
Mean roof height < 33 ft
< 3 stories
Building length/width < 80 ft
Loads – ASCE 7‐10
 0‐70 psf ground snow load
 110‐195 mph wind speed
• 700 yr. return, 3‐sec gust, Exp. B, C, D
 Seismic Design Categories
• A, B, C, D0, D1, D2
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ASCE 7‐10 Ground Snow Loads
Balanced and Unbalanced
Relatively unchanged
No sliding snow
http://www.awc.org/
pdf/PaperSnowPro
visionsASCE705web.pdf
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ASCE 7‐10 Seismic Loads
Risk‐based maps
 Reduced along New Madrid and Charleston, SC
 Increase in other areas such as regions of CA
 Revised contours
NEW!
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www.awc.org
ASCE 7‐10 Wind Speed Maps
New “strength design”‐ basis maps show higher wind speeds (Speeds are for ultimate event)
 Effective pressures remain about the same
www.atcouncil.org/windspeed
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ASCE 7 Wind Speeds
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ASCE 7 Wind Speeds
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www.awc.org
ASCE 7-10 Wind
Provisions and Effects on
Wood Design and
Construction
• Philip Line, P.E.
• William L. Coulbourne,
P.E., M.ASCE
http://www.awc.org/pdf/AS
CE7-10WindChanges.pdf
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www.awc.org
ASCE 7 Wind Speeds
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ASCE 7 Wind Speeds
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www.awc.org
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ASCE 7 Exposure Categories
www.awc.org
B Suburban, use as DEFAULT unless others apply
>60% to 80% of all buildings are in this category
C Open country, 1500 ft creates this category
D Water, including on hurricane coast!
Change in ASCE 7-10
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Chapter 1: General
Not covered
 Ancillary structures
•
•
•
•
Decks
Balconies
Carports
Porches
NEW!
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Poll
Chapter 1: General
Chapter 2: Engineered Design
Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Design
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WFCM
Chapter 1: General
Chapter 2: Engineered
Chapter 3: Prescriptive
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WFCM
Chapter 2: Engineered
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Loads and load path  Continuous
 Continuity created by connections
 Always ends in supporting soil
 Building has hundreds of load paths
Source: FEMA
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Chapter 2: Vertical Load Paths
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Chapter 2: Lateral Load Paths
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Chapter 2: Engineered
CONNECT AS NEEDED
TO TRANSFER SHEAR
Vertical floor offsets
OFFSET NOT > d
Horizontal shear wall plan offsets
SHEARWALL
BLOCKING
d
4’-0” max
SHEARWALL OFFSET
SHEARWALL
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Connections
2.2.1 Lateral 2.2.2 Shear
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Connections
2.2.1 Lateral 2.2.2 Shear
2.2.3 Wind Uplift
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Connections
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
Lateral Shear
Wind Uplift
Overturning
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Thrust loads
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Wind uplift loads
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Typical uplift connections
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Suction loads
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Lateral wind loads
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Lateral seismic loads
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Chapter 2: Engineered
Wall loads
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WFCM
Chapter 1: General
Chapter 2: Engineered
Chapter 3: Prescriptive
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WFCM
Chapter 3: Prescriptive
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Specific resistance requirements
Wind Loads – Exposure B & C
Other limitations
Table 3 Prescriptive Design Limitations (exert)
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Shear wall offset
Figure 3.1c
NEW!
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Shear wall offset
Figure 3.1c
NEW!
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Rafter Tie Connection Adjustments
Table 3.9
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Wind Uplift
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Wind Uplift and Shear
NEW!
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Uplift connectors – prevent eccentricity
NEW!
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Uplift connectors – prevent eccentricity
NEW!
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Shear walls, diaphragms, and shear connections
 ASCE 7‐10 and 2008 SDPWS and 2012 NDS
 10’ eave‐to‐ridge height
 10’ wall heights
REVISED!
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Shear Wall Methods
Segmented
Perforated
Shear transfer around openings (use SDPWS)
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Segmented Shear Wall Method
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Perforated Shear Wall Method
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Segmented shear walls ‐ wind
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Segmented shear walls ‐ seismic
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Shear wall capacity adjustments
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Perforated shear walls
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Hold‐downs
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Exterior wall studs to resist wind
H/180, H/240 & H/360
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REVISED!
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Header tables
NEW!
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Chapter 3: Prescriptive
Source: Wood I-Joist
Manufacturers Association
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WFCM Supplement
References
 2012 NDS
• Connection design values
 2012 NDS Supplement
• Lumber design values
• Glulam design values
 2008 SDPWS
• Shear wall capacities
• Diaphragm capacities
REVISED!
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WFCM Commentary
Background
Example calculations
REVISED!
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Poll
Shear Walls
 Segmented
 Perforated
 Force Transfer Around Openings (SDPWS)
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Coming in 2015 IBC
Application of WFCM
 Chapter 2 loads
 Applicable to non‐res
 Permitted resource
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Coming in 2015 IBC
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WFCM Changes
White paper
 http://www.awc.org/pd
f/2012‐WFCM‐Changes‐
Web.pdf
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WFCM Availability
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Questions?
www.awc.org
info@awc.org
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