LAST PHASE OF FLARES
Rachel Hock
Thursday, October 7, 2010
1
GOES Class
4-MAY-10 (DOY 124) C3.6
X
M
C
B
A
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
Time (UT)
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
Irradiance (mW/m2)
Fe XX 13.28 nm (log T=6.97)
0.0020
0.0018
0.0016
0.0014
0.0012
0.0010
0.0008
0.0006
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
Time (UT)
22:00
Fe XVI 33.54 nm (log T=6.43)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
Time (UT)
22:00
Fe IX 17.11 nm (log T=5.81)
LATE PHASE
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0590
0.0585
0.0580
0.0575
2nd peak in Fe XVI 33.5 nm after the gradual phase ...
0.0570
0.0565
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
Time (UT)
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
Thursday, October 7, 2010
(mW/m2)
He II 30.37 nm (log T=4.70)
0.422
0.420
0.418
0.416
2
LATE PHASE CATEGORIES
2nd peak in Fe XVI 33.5 nm after main gradual phase plus ...
A clear elbow (change in slope) in
GOES roughly corresponding to start Category 1 late phase
of 2nd peak
Possible change in slope but there are
Category 2 late phase
other small events contaminating flare
Clearly 2nd peak comes from another
flare (of comparable size), i.e. false late Category 3 late phase
phase
No 2nd peak in Fe XVI 33.5 nm
Thursday, October 7, 2010
No late phase
3
CATEGORY 1 LATE PHASE
GOES Class
1-MAY-10 (DOY 121) C5.7
X
M
C
B
A
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
Time (UT)
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
09:00
10:00
Fe XX 13.28 nm (log T=6.97)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0030
0.0025
0.0020
0.0015
0.0010
0.0005
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
Time (UT)
07:00
Fe XVI 33.54 nm (log T=6.43)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0155
0.0150
0.0145
0.0140
0.0135
0.0130
0.0125
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
Time (UT)
07:00
Start of 2nd peak roughly corresponds
to break in GOES slope
Irradiance (mW/m2)
Fe IX 17.11 nm (log T=5.81)
0.0584
0.0582
0.0580
0.0578
0.0576
0.0574
0.0572
0.0570
01:00
Thursday, October 7,02:00
2010
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
4
CATEGORY 2 LATE PHASE
GOES Class
9-JUL-10 (DOY 190) C1.8
X
M
C
B
A
08:30
09:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
Time (UT)
14:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
15:30
16:30
17:30
16:30
17:30
Fe XX 13.28 nm (log T=6.97)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0013
0.0012
0.0011
0.0010
0.0009
0.0008
0.0007
08:30
09:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
Time (UT)
14:30
Fe XVI 33.54 nm (log T=6.43)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0140
0.0135
0.0130
0.0125
0.0120
0.0115
08:30
09:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
Time (UT)
14:30
Fe IX 17.11 nm (log T=5.81)
There is other activity that could be
contributing to the 2nd peak. The
2nd peak is broader.
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0520
0.0518
0.0516
0.0514
0.0512
0.0510
0.0508
08:30
09:30
10:30
Thursday, October 7, 2010
11:30
12:30
13:30
Time (UT)
14:30
15:30
5
CATEGORY 3 LATE PHASE
GOES Class
7-MAY-10 (DOY 127) C2.0
X
M
C
B
A
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
Time (UT)
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
Fe XX 13.28 nm (log T=6.97)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0014
0.0012
0.0010
0.0008
0.0006
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
Time (UT)
13:00
Fe XVI 33.54 nm (log T=6.43)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.013
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
Time (UT)
13:00
Looking closely at the movie there
are really 2 separate brightenings.
Fe IX 17.11 nm (log T=5.81)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0585
0.0580
0.0575
0.0570
0.0565
07:00 October
08:00 7, 2010
09:00
Thursday,
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
6
NO LATE PHASE
GOES Class
1-AUG-10 (DOY 213) C3.2
X
M
C
B
A
07:29
08:29
09:30
10:29
11:29
12:30
Time (UT)
13:30
14:29
15:30
16:30
14:29
15:30
16:30
14:29
15:30
16:30
Irradiance (mW/m2)
Fe XX 13.28 nm (log T=6.97)
0.0020
0.0018
0.0016
0.0014
0.0012
0.0010
0.0008
0.0006
07:29
08:29
09:30
10:29
11:29
12:30
Time (UT)
13:30
Fe XVI 33.54 nm (log T=6.43)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.022
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.014
07:29
08:29
09:30
10:29
11:29
12:30
Time (UT)
13:30
Fe IX 17.11 nm (log T=5.81)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.0530
0.0525
0.0520
0.0515
Thursday, October 7, 2010
7
EVE FLARE CATALOG
•
Examined 21 flares
•
•
1-May-2010 to 1-Sep-2010
•
C2.0 and larger
•
1 flare with incomplete EVE data
(happened during a FOV map)
2 in Tom’s table not in mine
•
30-Apr-2010 C2.2
•
8-May-2010 C1.8
Thursday, October 7, 2010
C2.0-C2.9
7
May
8
C3.0-C3.9
4
June
3
C4.0-C4.9
2
July
6
C5.0-C5.9
2
August
5
C6.0-C6.9
1
C7.0-C7.9
0
North
19
C8.0-C8.9
1
South
3
C9.0-C9.9
1
M1.0-M1.9
3
M2.0+
1
8
STATISTICS
2-Ribbon
Eruptive
Confined
Compact
Total
Eruptive
Confined
Other
Total
Eruptive
Confined
Total
Total
Eruptive
Confined
Total
Category 1
4
4
4
5*
Category 2
4
4
4
4
Category 3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
No late
phase
4
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
2
6
3
9
Total
4
1
5
10
2
12
2
1
3
17
4
21
*No AIA data available for one flare
2-ribbon flares do not have a
late phase.
Thursday, October 7, 2010
Category 1 & 2 late phases
come from eruptive compact
flares.
9
X
M
C
B
A
10:59
11:59
12:59
13:59
14:59
15:59
Time (UT)
16:59
17:59
18:59
19:59
17:59
18:59
19:59
Fe XX 13.28 nm (log T=6.97)
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
10:59
11:59
12:59
13:59
14:59
15:59
Time (UT)
16:59
Irradiance (mW/m2)
0.019
0.018
• Multipolar region
0.017
0.016
0.015
10:59
11:59
12:59
13:59
14:59
15:59
Time (UT)
16:59
17:59
18:59
19:59
• Eruptive with CME
Fe IX 17.11 nm (log T=5.81)
0.0585
Irradiance (mW/m2)
• Category 1 Late Phase
with coronal dimming
Fe XVI 33.54 nm (log T=6.43)
0.020
0.0580
0.0575
0.0570
10:59
11:59
12:59
13:59
14:59
15:59
Time (UT)
16:59
17:59
18:59
19:59
17:59
18:59
19:59
He II 30.37 nm (log T=4.70)
0.430
Irradiance (mW/m2)
5-May-2010 C8.8 Case Example
GOES Class
5-MAY-10 (DOY 125) C8.8
0.425
0.420
0.415
0.410
10:59
Thursday, October 7, 2010
11:59
12:59
13:59
14:59
15:59
Time (UT)
16:59
10
Thursday, October 7, 2010
11
Thursday, October 7, 2010
12
Block #9
Block #21
200
Average Count Rate
Average Count Rate
200
150
100
50
0
09:35
10:47
12:00
13:11
Time
14:24
15:35
10:47
12:00
13:11
Time
14:24
15:35
16:47
15:35
16:47
EVE Irradiance for Fe XVI 33.5 nm
1.8•10-5
Irradiance (W/m2)
Irradiance (W/m2)
50
1.9•10-5
1.8•10-5
1.7•10-5
1.6•10-5
1.5•10-5
1.4•10-5
09:35
100
0
09:35
16:47
EVE Irradiance for Fe XVI 33.5 nm
1.9•10-5
150
1.7•10-5
1.6•10-5
1.5•10-5
10:47
12:00
13:11
Time
14:24
15:35
16:47
14:24
15:35
16:47
15:35
16:47
1.4•10-5
09:35
10:47
12:00
13:11
Time
14:24
Block #14
Average Count Rate
800
600
400
200
0
09:35
10:47
12:00
13:11
Time
EVE Irradiance for Fe XVI 33.5 nm
1.9•10-5
Irradiance (W/m2)
1.8•10-5
1.7•10-5
1.6•10-5
1.5•10-5
1.4•10-5
09:35
10:47
12:00
Thursday, October 7, 2010
13:11
Time
14:24
13
ONE POSSIBLE PICTURE
LYNCH ET AL.
Vol. 683
During an eruptive event, loops
surrounding the flaring region are
disrupted. After the flare, these loops
relax back into an equilibrium state
by undergoing reconnection. This
reconnection, unlike the reconnection
that caused the flare, is slower.
Beginning of flare
“Antibreakout” reconnection
from Lynch et al. 2008
eft: Schematic showing the main four stages of topological evolution during the axisymmetric (2.5D) breakout CME scenario. (a) Initial topology and the
(b) Shearing phase required to energize the system and the onset of magnetic breakout reconnection at the distorted null line, (c) Beginning of flare
7, creates
2010
hatThursday,
starts deep in the October
shear channel and
the magnetic flux rope, and (d ) Antibreakout reconnection phase that describes the system relaxation and
14