1
‘MattersofLifeandDeath’
Term2
ModuleOutline
AllseminarstotakeplaceintheCHMHub(offtheGraduateSpace)unlessotherwisestated.
Weeks1-3DiseaseHistory
Week1TheHistoryofMedicineandtheHistoryofEnvironment:Past,Present,Future
(Wednesday13January,10am-12noon)
ClaudiaStein
Thehistoryofenvironmentisoneofthe‘hottest’topicsinacademichistorywritingatthe
moment.Medicineandthehumanbodyhavebeenatthecoreofthisflourishingareaof
scholarshipsinceitsfirstbeginningsinthe1960sand70s.Alfred’sCrosbyorWilliamMcNeil,
twoofthefoundersofthefield,specificallyfocussedonepidemicdiseasesandtheirglobal
impactongeographyandhumanhistory.Thebody,itsbiologyanditsinteractionwith
geographyremainscentralalsotothelatestversionofsuchhistories;indeed,thereistalk
aboutthenew‘bio-turn’inhistorywriting.Thisseminarintroducesthethemeof
environmentalhistoryanddiscussessomeclassicandcontemporaryreadings.
SeminarReadings:
Please‘dip’intooneofthetwofollowing‘classics’togetanimpressionwhattheyareabout
andtheircentralthesis:
• Crosby,Alfred,TheColumbianExchange:BiologicalandCulturalConsequencesof
1492(1972;London,2003).Multiplecopiesinlibrary,shareamongyourselvesif
necessary
• McNeil,WilliamH.,PlaguesandPeoples(GardenCity(NY:AnchorPress/Doubleday,
1976).e-book
Pleasereadthefollowingtoauthors:
• Chakrabarty,Dipesh,TheClimateofHistory:FourThesis,CriticalEnquiryCritical
Inquiry35,2(2009):197-222.
(http://www.law.uvic.ca/demcon/2013%20readings/Chakrabarty%20%20Climate%20of%20History.pdf)(youmightalsowanttoreadtheshortbut
interestingreplyon
https://blogs.exeter.ac.uk/historyenvironmentfuture/2014/02/06/167/)
• Smail,DanielLord,OnDeepHistoryandtheBrain(Berkeley,2008),chapters1-2.
Circulated
FurtherReadings:
Beattie,James."RecentThemesintheEnvironmentalHistoryoftheBritishEmpire,"History
Compass2(2012):129–139.e-journal
2
JohnR.McNeill,‘ObservationsontheNatureandCultureofEnvironmentalHistory’,History
andTheory42,4(2003).e-journal
Cooter,Roger,‘NeuralVeilsandtheWilltoHistoricalCritique:WhyHistoriansofScience
NeedtoTaketheNeuro-TurnSeriously’,specialissue,Isis,105,1(2014):145-154.ejournal
Hughes,JDonald,‘ThreeDimensionsofEnvironmentalHistory’,EnvironmentandHistory,
14(2008):1–12.e-journal
Leys,Ruth,‘TheTurntoAffect:ACritique,’CriticalInquiry,37(2011):434–472.e-journal
McNeill,J.R.,‘TheStateoftheFieldofEnvironmentalHistory’,AnnualReviewof
EnvironmentandResources35(2010):345–374.(veryinterestingreflectioninhisworkin
the1970s).e-journal
McNeill,JohnR.,SomethingNewUndertheSun:AnEnvironmentalHistoryoftheTwentiethCenturyWorld(NewYork:W.W.Norton&Company,2001).
Papoulias,ConstantinaandCallard,Felicity,“Biology’sGift:InterrogatingtheTurnto
Affect,”BodyandSociety,16(2010):29–56.e-journal
Littlefield,MelissaandJohnson,JenellM.(eds).,TheNeuroscientificTurn:Transdisciplinarity
intheAgeoftheBrain(AnnArbor:Univ.MichiganPress,2012).
Warde,Paul&Sorlin,Sverker,Nature'sEnd:HistoryandtheEnvironment(London:
Macmillan,2009).e-book
Week2DiseaseandGenetics(Tuesday19January,1-3pm)
RobertaBivins
Thisseminarexploresboththecontinuitiesandthedisjuncturesenabledorprovokedbythe
twentiethcenturyriseofgenetics,moleculargeneticsandgenomics,andtheiruses
(conceptualandpractical)inmedicine.Wewilldiscussmodelsofheredityandtheireffects;
questionsofraceinthepost-molecularera;andexplore‘genomics’inrelationtomattersof
medicine,healthandidentity.We’llstartfromthehistoricalperspectiveIhavedevelopedin
myownresearch--butthisisjustthetipofaverylargeicebergofquestionsandliteratures.
Intheadditionalreadings,Ihavetriedtosamplethemanyapproachestothisexpansive
area,drawingtogetherviewpointsfromanthropology,bioethics,sciencestudiesandthe
historyofscienceaswellasthehistoryofmedicine.Byallmeanscontactmeifyouarekeen
toexploreanyofthesevantagepoints(orindeed,alternativeones)further.
RequiredReadings
RobertaBivins,‘GeneticallyEthnic?Genes,'Race',andHealthinThatcher'sBritain’,
ContagiousCommunities:Medicine,Migration,andtheNHSinPost-WarBritain
(Oxford:OUP,2015),304-367.Onorderforlibrary,copiestobecirculated
AdditionalReadings
KajaFinkler,ExperiencingtheNewGenetics:Familyandkinshiponthemedicalfrontier.
(Philadelphia:UPennPress,2000),Chapters‘5:PeoplewithaGeneticHistoryI:
patientswithoutsymptoms’,‘6PeoplewithaGeneticHistoryII:recoveredpatients’,
and‘8:TheIdeologyofGeneticInheritanceinContemporaryLife:Themedicalization
3
ofkinship’aregreatforgivingyoudirectaccesstotheeffectsofgeneticizationon
individuallives.(severalcopiesinlibrary,thoughgoodtoshare)
Hinterberger,A.2012.‘PublicsandPopulations:ThePoliticsofAncestryandExchangein
GenomeScience’,ScienceasCulture,21(4):528-549.e-journal
Hinterberger,A.2012.‘InvestinginLife,InvestinginDifference:Nations,Populationsand
Genomes’,Theory,CultureandSociety,29(3):72–93.e-jounal
NathanielComfort,‘"PolyhybridHeterogeneousBastards":PromotingMedicalGeneticsin
Americainthe1930sand1940s’,JournaloftheHistoryofMedicineandAllied
Sciences,61:4(2006)415-455.e-journal
PeterCoventryandJohnPickstone,‘Fromwhatandwhydidgeneticsemergeasamedical
specialisminthe1970sintheUK?Acase-historyofresearch,policyandservicesin
theManchesterregionoftheNHS.NationalHealthService’,SocialScienceand
Medicine,49:9(1999)1227-1238.e-journal
SarahGibbon,‘Re-ExaminingGeneticization:FamilyTreesinBreastCancerGenetics’,
ScienceasCulture,11:4(2002)429-459.e-journal
RandellHansenandDesmondKing,‘EugenicIdeas,PoliticalInterests,andPolicyVariance:
ImmigrationandSterilizationPolicyinBritainandtheU.S.’,WorldPolitics,53,(2001),
pp.237-263.e-journal
MargaretLock,‘Perfectingsociety:reproductivetechnologies,genetictestingandthe
plannedfamilyinJapan’,inLockandKaufert,PragmaticWomenandBodyPolitics
(CUP,1998):206-239.
JohnMacnicol,‘EugenicsandtheCampaignforVoluntarySterilizationinBritainbetween
theWars’,SocialHistoryofMedicine,2(1989),147-69.e-journal
RaulNecochea,‘FromCancerFamiliestoHNPCC:HenryLynchandtheTransformationsof
HereditaryCancer,1975-1999’,BulletinoftheHistoryofMedicine,Volume81,
Number1,Spring2007,pp.267-285.e-journal
DorothyNelkin,M.SusanLindee,“Chapter8,GeneticEssentialismApplied”,intheirThe
DNAMystique:TheGeneasaCulturalIcon(NewYork:W.H.FreemanandCo,1995).
e-book
DorothyNelkin,M.SusanLindee,“Chapter1,ThePowersoftheGene”,intheirTheDNA
Mystique:TheGeneasaCulturalIcon(NewYork:W.H.FreemanandCo,1995)Ifyou
feelabitlost,andwantaclearandfunnyintroductiontotheplaceofthegeneinpop
culture,thisisthechapterforyou!e-book
PaoloPalladino,‘BetweenKnowledgeandPractice:OnMedicalProfessionals,Patients,and
theMakingoftheGeneticsofCancer’.SocialStudiesofScience32(1)2002:137-166.
e-journal
MathewThomson,TheProblemofMentalDeficiency:Eugenics,DemocracyandSocial
PolicyinBritain,1870-1959(Oxford,1998)
PeterWadeetal.,‘NationandtheAbsentPresenceofRaceinLatinAmericanGenomics’,
CurrentAnthropology55(5):511-512.e-journal
KeithWailoo,DyingintheCityoftheBlues:SickleCellAnemiaandthePoliticsofRaceand
Health(ChapelHill:UniversityofNorthCarolinaPress,2001).
KeithWailooandStephenPemberton,TheTroubledDreamofGeneticMedicine:Ethnicity
andInnovationinTay-Sachs,CysticFibrosisandSickleCellDisease(Baltimore:Johns
HopkinsUniversityPress,2006).
PaulWeindling,Health,RaceandGermanPoliticsbetweenNationalUnificationandNazism,
1870-1945(Cambridge,1993).e-book
4
Week3DiseasesoftheMind:WomenandMentalDisorder(Tuesday26January,1-3pm)
HilaryMarland
Womenhaveconsistentlybeenseenaspronetoarangeofmentalandphysicaldisorders,
attributedtotheirsupposedlyweakerbiologicalframeworkandinabilitytorespond
effectivelytonewenvironments,challengesandopportunities,oracombinationofthese
factors.Thisweekwewillfocusonchangesinperceptionsofwomen’shealthand
pronenesstomentaldisordersduringthemodernperiod.Wewillexamine–explicitlyby
notlookingathysteria!-puerperalinsanityinthenineteenthcenturyandsuburban
neurosisinthemid-twentieth.Howwaswomen’svulnerabilitytomentaldisorder
characterized?Whatchangedbetweenthesetwoperiods?Hastheemphasisonwomen’s
pronenesstomentalhealthproblemsbeenover-labouredbyhistorians?
Pleasesendasummaryofyourthoughtsonthereading–onepageissufficientbyMonday
25January.
RequiredReading
HilaryMarland,‘DisappointmentandDesolation:Women,DoctorsandInterpretationsof
PuerperalInsanityintheNineteenthCentury’,HistoryofPsychiatry,14(2003),303-20.ejournalor
HilaryMarland,DangerousMotherhood:InsanityandChildbirthinVictorianBritain
(Houndmills:Palgrave-Macmillan,2004),chapters2and5.e-book
NancyM.Theriot,‘Women’sVoicesinNineteenth-CenturyMedicalDiscourse:AStep
towardDeconstructingScience’,Signs:JournalofWomeninCultureandSociety,19(1993),
1-31.e-journal
AlisonHaggett,DesperateHousewives,NeurosesandtheDomesticEnvironment,1945-1970
(London:Pickering&Chatto,2012),esp.chs5,6.e-bookor
AliHaggett,‘Housewives,Neuroses,andtheDomesticEnvironmentinBritain,1945-70’in
MarkJackson(ed.),HealthandtheModernHome(NewYork:Routledge,2007).e-book
RhodriHayward,‘DesperateHousewivesandModelAmoebae:TheInventionofSuburban
NeurosisinInter-WarBritain’,inMarkJackson(ed.),HealthandtheModernHome(London
andNewYork:Routledge,2007),42-62.e-book
Foranearlymodernperspective,takealookat
MichaelMacDonald,MysticalBedlam:Madness,AnxietyandHealinginSeventeenth
CenturyEngland(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1981).Coupleofcopiesinthe
library,followingleadsonwomenandmadnessintheindex.
5
FurtherReading
ElaineShowalter,TheFemaleMalady:Women,MadnessandEnglishCulture,1830-1980
(London:Virago,1987).Multiplecopiesinlibrary
AnneDigby,‘Women’sBiologicalStraitjacket’,inSusanMendesandJaneRendall(eds),
SexualityandSubordination:InterdisciplinaryStudiesofGenderintheNineteenthCentury
(LondonandNewYork:Routledge,1989,pp.192-20.e-book
JonathanAndrewsandAnneDigby(eds),SexandSeclusion,ClassandCustody:Perspectives
onGenderandClassintheHistoryofBritishandIrishPsychiatry(AmsterdamandNewYork:
Rodopi,2004).(Anexcellentcollectionofessays;severaloftheessayschallengeShowalter’s
findingsandemphasison‘gender’,seee.g.thearticlesofWright,Levine-ClarkandMichael
butdon’tignoretherest.)Severalcopiesinlibrary
AlisonHaggett,'Desperatehousewives'andtheDomesticEnvironmentinPost-WarBritain:
IndividualPerspectives,OralHistory,37,(2009),53-60.e-journal
LouiseHide,GenderandClassinEnglishAsylums,1890-1914(Houndmills:Palgrave
Macmillan,2014).e-book
JoanBusfield,Men,WomenandMadness:UnderstandingGenderandMentalDisorder
(London:Macmillan,1996).Multiplecopiesinlibrary
LisaAppignanesi,Mad,BadandSad:AHistoryofWomentheMindDoctorsfrom1800tothe
Present(London:Virago,2008).Severalcopiesinlibrary
RoyPorter,ASocialHistoryofMadness:StoriesoftheInsane(London:Weidenfeldand
Nicolson,1987),ch.6‘MadWomen’.Multiplecopiesinlibrary
ElizabethLunbeck,ThePsychiatricPersuasion:Knowledge,Gender,andPowerinModern
America(PrincetonUniversityPress,1994).e-book
Weeks4-7
Patients,Carers,Consumers
Week4TheMedicalMarketplaceintheEarlyModernWorld(Wednesday3February
2016,10-12am)
ClaudiaStein
TherearemanyreasonswhyAnglophonehistoriansinthe1980scameupwiththeideaof
the‘medicalmarketplace’asnewheuristictooltoinvestigatemedicalpracticeandhealth
careprovisionintheearlymodernworld.Thissessioninvestigatestwothings:ononehand
6
wewanttolookatwhatwas‘onoffer’intermsofhealthcare.Whoprovidedwhat,when
andwhere(wewillfocusonEurope)?Ontheother,wewanttodiscusshowusefulthe
conceptwasandstillisbysituatingithistoriographically.
SeminarReading:
• Jenner,MarkS.R.andWallis,PatrickWallis,‘TheMedicalMarketplace’,Medicine
andtheMarketinEnglandandItsColonies,c.1450-1850(Houndsmill,2007),pp.113.(http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/view/10.1057/9780230591462)
• Siraisi,Nancy,MedievalandEarlyModernMedicine:AnIntroductionintoKnowledge
andPractice(Chicago,1990),Chapter2:PractitionersandConditionofPractice,pp.
17-47;Chapter6:SurgeonsandSurgery,pp.153-186.Copycirculated
• Cooter,RogerandStein,Claudia,‘Introduction:TheVissitudesofFundamental
Change’,TheHistoryofMedicine:CriticalConceptsinHistory,(Vol.1,(London,2014),
pp.1-33.(forthehistoriographicalbackground).Copycirculated
Week5:AdvertisingandConsumption(andthehistoryofmedicine)(Tuesday9February,
11-1pm)
JaneHandandRobertaBivins
Thisweek,wewillexploretherelationships–material,intellectual,andhistoriographical–
betweenadvertising,consumptionandthehistoryofmedicine.Whatcanhistoricaland
contemporaryadvertisingtellusaboutmedicineinthepast(andpresent)?Howshouldwe
thinkabout,accessandinterpretthebehaviorandbeliefsofthe‘medicalconsumer’?How
canweashistoriansmakethemostoftherichvisualandaudiovisualtracesleftby
advertising,andtheequallyextensive–sometimesoverwhelming–dataproducedby
medicalconsumption?Wewilllookatbothcommercialandnon-commercialadvertising,
anddiscusshowwehaveusedtheminourcurrentresearch.Giventhevolumeofthe
secondaryliteraturesassociatedwiththistopic,weencourageyoutoworktogetherto
selectandpresentpertinentitemsfromthereadingslistedbelowinadditiontothe
requiredreadings.
RequiredReadings:
• AylsaLevene,‘TheMeaningsofMargarineinEngland:Class,Consumptionand
MaterialCulturefrom1918to1953’,ContemporaryBritishHistory28:2(2004),145165.e-journal
• AlexMold,‘MakingthePatient-ConsumerinMargaretThatcher'sBritain’,Historical
Journal54:2(2011)509-528.e-journal
• PamelaE.Swett,‘Introduction’,SellingUndertheSwastika:Advertisingand
CommercialCultureinNaziGermany(StanfordCA:StanfordUniversityPress,2014).
Scanned
7
Advertising:
• Apple,Rima,‘“Advertisedbyourlovingfriends”:TheInfantFormulaIndustryandthe
CreationofNewPharmaceuticalMarkets1870-1910’,JournalofHistoryandthe
AlliedSciences41(1986)3-23.e-journal
• Donohue,Julie,‘HistoryofDrugAdvertising:TheEvolvingRolesofConsumersand
ConsumerProtection’,MilbankQuarterly,84:4(2006):659–699.
doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2006.00464.x
• Fitzsimons,Robert,‘Oh,WhatThoseOatsCanDo:QuakerOats:TheFoodandDrug
Administration,andtheMarketValueofScientificEvidence1984-2010’,
ComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceandFoodSafety11(2012)56-89.e-journal
• Nixon,Sean,AdvertisingCultures:Gender,Commerce,Creativity(London:Sage,
2003).e-book
• Schwarzkopf,Stefan,‘TheydoitwithMirrors:AdvertisingandBritishColdWar
ConsumerPolitics’,ContemporaryBritishHistory19:2(2007)133-150.e-journal
MedicalConsumers/Consumption:
• Mold,A.,‘RepositioningthePatient:PatientOrganizations,Consumerism,and
AutonomyinBritainduringthe1960sand1970s’,BulletinoftheHistoryofMedicine,
87:2(2013)225-49.e-journal
• Mold,A.,‘PatientGroupsandtheConstructionofthePatient-ConsumerinBritain:
AnHistoricalOverview’,JournalofSocialPolicy,39:4(2010)505-521.e-journal
• DorothyPorterandRoyPorter,Patient’sProgress:DoctorsandDoctoringin
EighteenthCenturyEngland(Stanford,CA:StanfordUniversityPress,1989)Multiple
copiesinlibrary
• RoyPorter,Quacks:Fakers&CharlatansinMedicine(Tempus,2003)
• Tomes,Nancy,‘MerchantsofHealth:MedicineandConsumerCultureintheUnited
States,1900–1940’,JournalofAmericanHistory,88:2(2001):519–47.e-journal
• Tomes,Nancy,‘ThePatientasaPolicyFactor:AHistoricalCaseStudyofthe
Consumer/SurvivorMovementinMentalHealth’,HealthAffairs,25:3(2006):720–
29.e-journal
• Tomes,Nancy,TheGospelofGerms:Men,WomenandtheMicrobeinAmericanLife
(Cambridge,MA:Harvard,1999).e-book
• FrankTrentmann,‘CitizenshipandConsumption’,JournalofConsumerCulture7:2
(2007):147–158.e-journal
Visual:
• Cooter,RogerandClaudiaStein,‘ComingintoFocus:Posters,powerandvisual
cultureinthehistoryofmedicine’MedizinhistorischesJournal42(2007)180-209.
• Gilman,SanderL,DiseaseandRepresentation:ImagesofIllnessfromMadnessto
AIDS(Ithaca:CornellUniversityPress,1988).Multiplecopiesinlibrary
• Loughlin,Kelly,‘TheHistoryofHealthandMedicineinContemporaryBritain:
ReflectionsontheRoleofAudio-VisualSources’,SocialHistoryofMedicine13:1
(2000)131-146.e-journal
• Serlin,David,ImaginingIllness:PublicHealthandVisualCulture(Minneapolis:
UniversityofMinnesotaPress,2010).
8
•
Sturken,MaritaandLisaCartwright,PracticesofLooking:AnintroductiontoVisual
Culture(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2001).Multiplecopiesinlibrary
Week7BirthControl:RegulationandConsumption(Tuesday23February,1-3pm)
HilaryMarland
Thisweek’sseminarwillexplorechangingpublicandmedicalattitudestowards
contraceptioninBritainduringthelatenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,andthewaysin
whichitwasregulatedandrepudiated,promotedandconsumed.Aswomencampaigned
forbetterchildbirthfacilitiesandstatesupport,theyalsodemandedaccesstoknowledge
onfamilylimitation.Thoughthemedicalprofessionwasreluctanttooffercontraceptive
advice,birthcontrolreformerscametotheaidofsomeofthewomenseekingtheirhelp,
withtheirown–variedandcomplex–agendas.Recentlyhistoricalworkhasfocusedonthe
questionofwhowasinvolvedwithinthefamilyinmakingdecisionsaboutbirthcontroland
theconsumptionofcontraceptives,shiftingthefocustoagencyanddecision-makingand
knowledge.
Giventhevolumeofthesecondaryliteraturesassociatedwiththistopic,ideallywork
togethertoselectandpresentpertinentitemsfromthereadingslistedbelowinadditionto
therequiredreadings.PleasecirculateyourviewsonyourreadingsbyMonday22February.
Requiredreading
ClareJones,‘UndertheCovers:Commerce,ContraceptivesandConsumersinEnglandand
Wales,1880-1960’,SocialHistoryofMedicine(2015),availableadvancedopenaccess.
C.Davey,‘BirthControlinBritainduringtheInterwarYears:EvidencefromtheStopes
Correspondence’,JournalofFamilyHistory,13(1988),329-45.e-journalEBSCO/SAGE
KateFisher,‘“ShewasquitesatisfiedwiththearrangementsImade”:GenderandBirth
ControlinBritain1920-1950’,PastandPresent,169(2000),161-93.e-resource
JSTOR/Oxfordjournal
L.McCrayBeier,‘‘WewereGreenasGrass’:LearningaboutSexandReproductioninThree
Working-ClassLancashireCommunities,1900-1970’,SocialHistoryofMedicine,16(2003),
461-80.e-resourceOxfordjournals
Furtherreading
HeraCook,TheLongSexualRevolution:EnglishWomen,Sex,andContraception1800-1975
(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2004),esp.ch.13‘“TrulyitFeltLikeYearOne”:TheEnglish
SexualRevolution’.e-book
JulieGrier,‘EugenicsandBirthControl:ContraceptiveProvisioninNorthWales,1918-1939’,
SocialHistoryofMedicine,11(1998),443-48.e-journal
9
RoyPorterandLesleyHall,TheFactsofLife:TheCreationofSexualKnowledgeinBritain,
1650-1950(1995),especiallychapters10and10.Multiplecopiesinlibrary
EllenRoss,LoveandToil.MotherhoodinOutcastLondon,1870-1918(OxfordUniversity
Press,1993),chapter4.e-book
KateFisher,BirthControl,SexandMarriageinBritain,1918to1960(OxfordUniversity
Press,2006).e-book
AngusMcLaren,AHistoryofContraceptionfromAntiquitytothePresentDay(Oxford:
Blackwell,1990).
LucindaMcCrayBeier,ForTheirOwnGood:TheTransformationofEnglishWorking-Class
HealthCulture,1880–1970(Columbus,Ohio:OhioStateUniversityPress,2008),ch.5‘“They
nevertoldusanything”:SexandFamilyLimitation’.
BarbaraBrookes,‘WomenandReproductionc.1860-1919’,inJaneLewis(ed.),Labour&
Love:Women’sExperienceofHomeandFamily1850-1940(Oxford:BasilBlackwell,1986),
149-71.
HeraCook,‘Emotion,Bodies,Sexuality,andSexEducationinEdwardianEngland',Historical
Journal,55(2012),475-95.e-resourceCambridgejournals
HeraCook,‘Getting“foolishlyhotandbothered”?ParentsandTeachersandSexEducation
inthe1940s’,SexEducation,12(2012),555-67.e-resourceEducationResearchComplete
AngelaDavis,‘“Ohno,nothing,wedidn’tlearnanything”:SexEducationandthe
PreparationofGirlsforMotherhood,c.1930-1970’,HistoryofEducation,37(2008),661-77.
e-resourceTaylor&Francis
KateFisher,‘“TeachtheMinersBirthControl”:TheDeliveryofContraceptiveAdvicein
SouthWales,1918-1950’,inPamelaMichaelandCharlesWebster(eds),HealthandSociety
inTwentieth-CenturyWales(Cardiff:UniversityofWalesPress,2006),143-64.
KateFisher,‘ContrastingCulturesofContraception:BirthControlClinicsandtheWorkingClassesinBritainbetweentheWars’,inM.Gijswijt-Hofstra,G.M.vanHeterenandE.M.
Tansey(eds),BiographiesofRemedies:Drugs,MedicinesandContracptivesinDutchand
Anglo-AmericanHealingCultures(AmsterdamandNewYork:Rodopi,2002),141-57.
KateFisherandSimonSzreter,‘“TheyPreferWithdrawal’:TheChoiceofBirthControlin
Britain,1918-1950’JournalofInterdisciplinaryHistory,34(2003),263-91.e-resource
JSTOR/ProjectMuse
KateFisherandSimonSzreter,SexbeforetheSexualRevolution:IntimateLifeinEngland
(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2010).e-book
10
LesleyHall(ed.),OutspokenWomen:AnAnthologyofWomen’sWritingonSex,1870-1969
(LondonandNewYork:Routledge,2005).e-book
R.Hall(ed.),DearDr.Stopes:Sexinthe1920s(London:Deutsch,1978).
D.A.Cohen,‘PrivateLivesinPublicSpaces:MarieStopes,TheMothers’Clinicsandthe
PracticeofContraception’,HistoryWorkshopJournal,35(1993)96-116.e-journal
LaraV.Marks,SexualChemistry:AHistoryoftheContraceptivePill(NewHaven,NJ:Yale
UniversityPress,2001).
W.Secombe,‘StartingtoStop:WorkingClassFertilityDeclineinBritain’,PastandPresent,
126(1990),151-88.e-resourceJSTOR/Oxfordjournals
Weeks8-10
MedicineintheTwentiethCentury
Week8ProfessionalisationandRegulation(Tuesday1March2016,2-4pm)
EliseSmith
Inthenineteenthcentury,medicalpractitionersintheWestbegantofastentheir
professionalidentityontheincreasingly‘scientific’characterofmodernmedicine.Medical
societies,journals,andtrainingprogrammesproliferatedduringthisperiodaspractice
becamemorespecialised.Thissessionwilllookatthesedevelopmentspredominantlyin
theBritishcontext,showinghowrelationsbetweenpatients,practitioners,andthestate
changedfromthemid-nineteenthcenturyintothepost-warperiod,definedbysteadily
increasinglevelsofregulationandstandardisation.Inexaminingtheseshifts,wewill
considerhowtheauthorityofbiomedicinehasbeenconsolidatedovertime.
SeminarQuestions:
1.Howhas‘professionalisation’changedthenatureofmedicalpractice?
2.Whatrolehasthestateplayedinthegrowthofbiomedicine?
3.Inwhatsensehasmedicinebecomemore‘scientific’sincethenineteenthcentury?
Readings:
JLewis,'Providers,'Consumers',theStateandtheDeliveryofHealth-careServicesin
Twentieth-CenturyBritain',inAndrewWear,ed,MedicineinSociety:HistoricalEssays
(Cambridge,1992),pp.317-345.e-book
Shortt,S.E.D.,‘Physicians,Science,andStatus:IssuesintheProfessionalizationofAngloAmericanMedicineintheNineteenthCentury’,MedicalHistory27(1983):51-68.e-journal
11
Sturdy,SteveandRogerCooter,‘Science,ScientificManagementandtheTransformationof
MedicineinBritainc.1870-1950’,HistoryofScience36(1998):421-466.e-journal
HValierandCTimmermann,‘ClinicalTrialsandtheReorganizationofMedicalResearchin
post-SecondWorldWarBritain’,MedicalHistory52(2008):493-510.e-journal
Weisz,George,‘TheEmergenceofMedicalSpecializationintheNineteenthCentury,’
BulletinoftheHistoryofMedicine77(2003):536-374.e-journal
Week9Science,Medicine,andSexuality(8March2016,3.15-5pm)
HowardChiang
Thisseminarextendsourinvestigationintotherelationshipbetweenmedicine,identity,and
beinghumanbyexploringscientificandmedicalapproachestotheunderstandingofsex,
gender,sexuality,andthebody.Wewillgooversomeclassicstudiesinthefield,butwe
willalsolookatsomeofthemorerecentfindings.Becausethereisalreadyaveryhealthy
bodyofscholarshipsupportingthestudyofscience,medicine,andsexuality,ourseminar
canonlybeintroductoryinnatureand,assuch,focusonhistoricaldevelopmentsinthe
modernWest.Studentsareencouragedtocontacttheseminartutorforalistoffurther
readings,especiallyforcomparativeandglobalperspectives.
PleasesendHowardasummaryofyourreadingsandthoughtsonthequestionsbyMonday
7March.
SeminarQuestions:
1. Is‘sexuality’astableconceptacrosstimeandspace?
2. Inwhatwayshavescientificandmedicalunderstandingsof‘sex’changedovertime?
3. Whatistherelationshipbetweensexualscienceandsocialmovement,orknowledge
andpower?
4. Whatisthedifferencebetweensexandgender?Hassciencecontributedtotheir
distinction?
Readings:
ArnoldI.Davidson,“SexandtheEmergenceofSexuality,”CriticalInquiry14,no.1(1987):
16-48.e-journal
NellyOudshoorn,“EndocrinologistsandtheConceptualizationofSex,1920-1940,”Journal
oftheHistoryofBiology23,no.2(1990):163-186.e-journal
HenryMinton,“CommunityEmpowermentandtheMedicalizationofHomosexuality:
ConstructingSexualIdentitiesinthe1930s,”JournaloftheHistoryofSexuality6,no.3
(1996):435-458.e-journal
JoanneMeyerowitz,“SexResearchattheBordersofGender:Transvestites,Transsexuals,
andAlfredC.Kinsey,”BulletinoftheHistoryofMedicine75(2001):72-90.e-journal
12
SarahS.Richardson,“SexingtheX:HowtheXBecamethe‘FemaleChromosome,’”Signs:
JournalofWomeninCultureandSociety37,no.4(2012):909-933.e-journal
Week10MedicalHumanitarianism,fromColonialMissiontothePresent(Tuesday15
March,2-4pm)
KathleenVongsathorn
Thisseminarwillexplorethehistoryofglobalmedicalhumanitarianism,throughthecase
studyofAfrica.Wewillexplorecontinuitiesandchangesinmedicalhumanitarianism,from
itsmissionaryfoundationstothepresent,withparticularfocusontheprioritiesand
agendasthathaveshapedmedicalhumanitarianintervention.Wewillalsodiscussthe
extenttowhichtheseagendasweresuccessfullyorunsuccessfullyfulfilled,fromthe
perspectivelocalrecipientsandforeignhumanitarians.Studentsarewelcometocontact
thetutorforfurtherreadings,whethertoexpandonanyofthetopicscovered(e.g.
maternityandchildwelfare,femalecircumcision,leprosy,HIV/AIDS),orlearnabouta
differentgeographicalcontext.
SeminarQuestions
• Whatprioritieshaveshapedmedicalmissionandmedicalhumanitarianism?Whose
prioritieshavethesebeen?
• Aretheagendasthatshapemedicalhumanitarianismconsistentevenwhenthe
medicalinterventionsaredifferent?Whatdointerventionsintoleprosy,HIV/AIDS,
maternalandchildwelfare,andfemalecircumcision,haveincommon?Howdothey
differ?
• Whatcontinuitiesaretherebetweencolonialmedicalhumanitarianismand
contemporarilymedicalhumanitarianism?Whatchanges?
• Whathavetheconsequencesofmedicalhumanitarianismbeen?Havedifferent
peopleandorganisationsperceivedthoseconsequencesdifferently?Why?
Readings:
MichaelJennings,‘“AMatterofVitalImportance”:ThePlaceofMedicalMissioninMaternal
andChildHealthcareinTanganyika,1919-39’,inDavidHardiman,HealingBodies,Saving
Souls:MedicalMissionsinAsiaandAfrica(NewYork,2006),pp.227-50.Scannedchapter
LynnThomas,PoliticsoftheWomb:Women,Reproduction,andtheStateinKenya
(Berkeley,2003),Ch.1:ImperialPopulationsand"Women'sAffairs",pp.21-51e-book
ChristineWalley,“Searchingfor‘Voices’:Feminism,Anthropology,andtheGlobalDebates
overFemaleGenitalOperations,”CulturalAnthropology,12.3(1997),pp.405-438.e-journal
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KathleenVongsathorn,“PublicHealthorPublicGood?HumanitarianAgendasandthe
TreatmentofLeprosyinUganda,”inBronwenEverillandJosiahKaplan(eds.),TheHistory
andPracticeofHumanitarianInterventionandAidinAfrica(2013),pp.43-66.e-book
WilliamEasterly,TheWhiteMan’sBurden:WhytheWest’sEffortstoAidtheRestHaveDone
SoMuchIllandSoLittleGood(2007).Ch.7:TheHealers:TriumphandTragedy,pp.211236.Scannedchapter