EDING
Iffi
]'.r\.
PROCEEDING
The 1"t International Conference ofArts and Arts Education
in Indonesia (lCMEI 2014
March 5-6,2014
THEME:
RETHINKING THE HUMAN DIGNITY
AND NATION IDENTITY:
A REVIEW PERSPECTIVE OF ARTS
ANDARTS EDUCATION
Reviewers & Editors:
Dr. Kasiyan, M,Hum.
Dr. Widyastuti Purbani, M.A.
Ayu Niza Machfauzia, M.Pd.
Siti Sudartini, M.A.
PRESS
PROCEEDING
The 1st International Conference ofAns
and Arts Education in Indonesia 0CAAEJ 201a
March 5-6,2014
RETHINKING THE HUMAN DIGNITY AND NATION IDENTITY:
A REVIEW PERSPECTIVE OF ARTS AND ARTS EDUCATION
xvi + 940 hlm; 21 x 29,7 cm
ISBN 978-602-79AL-26-3
I.
Artikel
ll.ludul
IIl. Dr. Kasiyan, M.Hum., dkk
Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang
Memfoto copy atau memperbanyak dengan cara apapun,
Sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa seizin penerbit
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fudul Buku
:
RETHINKING THE HUMAN DIGNITY AND NATION IDHNTITY:
A REVIEW PERSPECTIVE OF ARTS AND ARTS EDUCATION
Penyunting
:
Dr. Kasiyan, M,Hum.
Dr. Widyastuti Purbani, M.A.
Ayu Niza Machfauzia, M.Pd.
SitiSudartini, M.A.
Desain Sampull
Ika Dyah Afriani
Tata Letak I
Pud.liTriwibowo
Penerbiti
UNY Press
Kompleks Fak, Teknik UNY, Kampus Karangmalang
Yogyakarta 552A1, Phone | (027 4) 589346
E-mail : unypress.l'ogyakarta@gmail,com
'an.
1,,
Internatio
na I
Conferen ce ftn'Ai ts ailtil;fts Educa!ion
on indo esia I]CAAE] 2014
PREFAEE
FROM THE RECTOR OF
VOGYAKARTA STATE U NIVER,SITY
-.
:e ir1 \\:idr llev/ paradigm as a wofld class utiversity, Yogyakarta State
: t. arsliy has annually conducted va ous academic evenls! not to mention
::.:iarional .orf€rences held by each of its taculties as $ell as its u11it
-::r-r rit:. ln relation to that, Faculty ol Languages a1ld Ads. in palticuiar the
:-::, lenannents (Visu.!i Afis, Daoce, and Music), is going lo have aII
':::---rnonai coni'erence. chaired by Dr. Kasiyan, M Hurn. one of lhe acadenic
. ..-, r,i \-isual Afls Departtnent. Thele have been tu'o main sirategic nessages
.'::. irg il] thjs conferer]ce.
Firstly. the intemational conferelce, entitled "The
Internaticrllal
a-.iir.ence for Arts and Arts Education on Indonesia (ICAAE), is the first event
-. .r b], lhe subdiciplines of Arts Education oi Faculfy of Languages alld A1ts
-- ir-: confeieflce is signilicant for the sake of enhancing Ails afid Arts Educatiol
:ri.rplines in the Frtufe. Nowadays, the idea of intemalization, not to mention ln
-\ns disciplines, has no lolger becone a choice but rather a necessity and fleed,
Lr\\ing to the lact that the existence of self ertity and the knowledge discouse,
rnciuding Ar1s, as one of important cultural aspects of a country, is closely reiated
$rrh irs ability to buiid a shategic-dialectic discourse, particularly, when ii meets
|anous cultural aspects belong to other counh'ies.
Secondiy. the conference theme of The 1" ICAAE 2014, fiat is,
"Rerhlnking the Hunan Digtlity and Nation ldenfity: A Review Perspective of
Aris and Ads Education" remi1lds us the siglificance of each scientific and
cultural siep not to mention in Arls discipline and at the same tin1e suggests us to
always put the hunan dignity alld nation identity as the main concem. This thene
has its significance in the cort€mporary Indonesian ccntext as it me€ts the various
big problems faced by the country. A11 of these problems apPear around tlle ideal
definitior ofhumanity ard rration identity ofthe coui]try. Arls and Alts Edu.at1ol!,
q'ith all of their potentials, together with othcr disciplines. ars cxpected to bc ihe
besi parts ofthe orcheska, that need to be actively participated in enlighteriitg the
identity politics of humanity and nation identity of the country at the presefll
;nonent and parlicularly jn the future. This is actually in line lvith the spirit oithe
oldesr philosophy of Arts that remains believed al the present momerlt. saying that
tlre dictum of "Beauty" cannot be separated $.ith the i\^o other dicturns, namely
"Tr-ttl'r" and "Goodness".
The ldlnternational Conference for Arts and Arts Education
on Indonesia rICAAD 2014
The various discussions that perform this strong concept in tems of
philosophy in this conference, hopefi.rlly, could lead to the appearance of the best
inspiation of enlightenment, not only in the small conte)(t of Arts and Arts
Education disciplines, but also in a wider spectrum, that is Indonesiar context.
On behalf of the university aod as the Rector of Yogyakarta State
University, I would like to €xpress my deepest appreciation to all of the
committee and the Dean ofFaculty ofLanguages and Afts together with all ofthe
vica deans and all the academic staffs ofthe faculty, who have been working hard
to Fepare many tiings to hold this intsmational conference. I personally express
my deepest appreciation. For all of the participants, do appreciate your
participation in the conference and your coming in our beloved campus.
Hopefully, this conference will be a very valuable aqd meaningful acadernic
enlighening forum for al1ofus. Gob Bless us. Arfiien. Wassalam.
I
Prof. Dr, Rochmet Wahab. M.Pd.. M,A.
Rector of Yogyakarta State Univemity
***
The 1'tlnternational Conference for Arts and Arls Education
on indonesia flCAAEl 2014
PREFACE FROM THE DEAN OF
FACULW OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
YOGYAKARTA STATE U NIVERSITY
widely believed that one of the good traditioN in maintaining the
{ajemic atmosphere in universities not to mention Yogyakarta State
,:r', i6iry is by colducting seminars and conferences related to its various
: i:---:-- [o line with this, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Yogyakarta State
i.as conducted an intemational conf€rence entitled The l" Intefiational
- :t- .
=q:..
-:*i*-tce tor lrts and Arts Education on I donesia (ICA'AE) 2014, on topic:
-i-.::$g the Human Dignity and Nation Identity: A Review Perspective of
: r!
,-=
d
-tns Education", at the faculty buildings on March 5-6, 2014.
ii '.lre Dea[ of the faculty, I would like to express my gratitude to the
i.e.'-:le Rector. who has facilitated all of the committee membe$ to make thls
::a---=c: Dossible.
l:ele are few points that I need to say at the moment Fi$tly, in relation to
:!-c:'-!!.e, the term "The 1"", conotatively indicates that this intemational
=
::r:'-=xe *hich focussed on Arts and Alts Education is firstly held in Indonesia,
-T E .;:s1 il is firstly held in this faculty. As the first event, this colference is
:.:c,:-,;'.:,j *rth the hope that it will be followed by "The 2'" ", "The 3"", and
:Er .ii.r Il has been becoming our biggest hoped that this conference will be
::c-l:) conducted in the future.
i=ondly, in.elation to the theme, that is, "Rethinking the Human Dignity
: \a!o! Identity: A Review Perspective of Arts and Arts Education" Th€
-:,ie--i\rne reason of choosing this theme is the fact that the two main domains of
':-=.:: digniry" and "nation identitl'are the hardest problems that remain
srr=riEg arld may become latent problems faced by every country not to mention
::+-r::-la. Human Dignity, for iNtance, which has been fighted for a long time
ic iuough various cultural strategies, remai$ becoming a big problem. At the
:!::=:1i moment, humadsm, in many occasions, is considered against humanity as
:e =sult of its sublimation universality that it tums out to be Metaphisic
::-=:.diry*, that goes beyond 9ver,'thilg.
Tlere were six invited speakers, and three of them coming from outside
Prof. Dr. Kanchana Witchayapakom (Faculty of
=i .ounE-y, namely:
--::3nlnes. ^Narcsuan University, Thailand); Dr. Goh Beng Lan (Department of
s- --jeasr Asian Studies, National University of Singapore), ard Rudi Corerc (a
--:rim anisl and a culator, cunently becomes the curatol of Child museum
lll
The lstlnternational Conference for Arts and Arts Education
on Indonesia [tCAAE] ZC 14
"Kolorlg Tangga" Yogyakarta); and the other three speakers coming from this
country, namelyt Prof Dr. F.X. Mudji Sutrisno, SJ (Driyarkara School of
Philosophy, Jakarta, Indonesia); Prof Dr. Ign. Bambang Sugiharto (Department of
Philosophy, Parahyangan Univenity, Bandung, Indonesia); and prof Dr. Suminto
A. Saluti (Faculty of Languages and Arts, yogyakarta State Universrry.
Indonesia).
My great appreciation goes to all of the invited
sp€akers and all of the
presenters and also participants who have actively participated in the conference.
My deepest gatitude goes to all ofthe lecturcrs and students ofArts Deparhnenls,
for their hard works as the committee in arranging the confe.ence. It is expected
that this conference could be a place for conducting an academic discussion
among those having a big concem on the p.actice of arts and arts education.
Indeed, As the head ofFaculty of Lalguages and Arts, I stongly suggest that the '
2'o ICCAE would be conducted in 2015 in this faculty, which hopetully corild be
b€tter ananged and get better results and maintain the spirit of enlightening.
Amten,
.
,,.,
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.irtrof. Dr. Zamzani,:lMipd.r.rJ
Dean
ofFaculty
ofLanguages and Arts,,
.
Yogydkana Slate ,Uni\ er-sity
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The l.tlntemational Conference forArts and Arts Education
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RETHINKING THE HUMAN DIGNITY AND NATION IDENTITY
(A REVIEW PERSPECTIVE OF ARTS AND ARTS EDUCATION):
AN INTRODUCTION
ofthe big burdens of the curent contemporary civilization is the big
naration of Huma sm, particularly in relation to the questions of
humanity and nation dignity. Firstly, the human dignity which has been
: e long time fought and cared for thlough various cultuml strategles' rcnalns
.-o-ing th" main concem. The Humanism idea lvhich takes the
.:-:iropomorphism as its main basis, as the result ofthe European Enlightenment
defending human dignity, in fact really cannot
----:: nowailays remains respected as
opponent
.r.:larn that condition Humanism, curently has been seen as the main
be the
: i,umanity. This is the result of its universal sublimatiol that it tums to
human identity
\leraphysics Humanity, that is beyond eveqthing The nature of
Classical Hunanisrrr' has
-.j iumanity which is plural-particular in the Universalthis
context, the lature of
:ien beet keated to be singular-universal Through
:naniq dilierences is not merely considered as'the other' (Sang L,an)' bnt
l t is
:'. en as a taboo which needs to be eliminated as it is considered as subhunan
for the
--r!n fiis point of view that finally the practices of humanity colonization
;ie of unifomity, through vadous means, either the one which is hegenonicculture
:-:isLrasjve or that ofcoercive, seems to find their true contexts ln
to that of
Secondly, the question ofnationality which has similal discource
:,;:naniq problem mentioned earlier. This is due to the fact that the main part of
ie nationality dictum is also about the domain of humanity identities'
ranicuiarly, when this domain appears in the contexts of collective imaginative
.onstruction of understanding. In addition' one of the great probiems of the
iationality discourse, particularly, the one had by the Third World countries is
:.latilely the same, that is, related to the question ofthe nature of self dignity that
Hu)nanisn' the
needs to be constuucted and owned. Similar to the imaginative
being colotiTed
aature of modem civilization has been und€t hegemony or even
br Positivism tradition that puts the standard imagination of 'normality' of
in the world' in a
knorvledge not to mention nationality owned by all nations
struggle to
uniformity. The nations which are different in oature or which always
other'
be different from othels, inmediately, considered as the elements of'the
rsattg liyan) that must be defeated This phenomenon merely porkays the
ne
colonization practice in the postcolonial era
The
1"r
Internaiional Conlerence forArts and Arts Education
on Indonesia 0CAAE) 2014
Therefore, the nature of humanity, nationality, and also Arts and Cultue,
which is actually a unity of paxticular elements in the universality, thet tends to
miss its articulation space and rcspoct due to the desire and uniformity politics.
This mainstream ofmodem culture strategy seerns to be a kind ofserious problem
that needs to be significantly taken care ol either in the context of culture h its
wider sense or in the domain of Arts arld Arts Education as its limited domaln.
One of the inherent basic values of Arts and Arls Education that is the spirit of
respecting authenticity and particularity seems to be considered as a significant
levlew,
Starting ftom this ide4 then, the thee Arts Departments ofArts Educatlofl
(Visual Arts, Dance, and Music) worked collaboratively to conduct this
conference at Faculty of Languages and Arts, Yogyakarta State Unversity. Thanks
to Allah that this confercnce has a remarkable response llom other disciplines,
namely, Theater, LetteN and Language that are ulder the same heading of
Humaoity Scieoces. Being ole of the various events in courmemomting the
golden anniversary ofYogyakada State Uniyelsity (Dies Emas U.\u in this year,
2014, hopefully it could bring a golden light of Arts that enlighten the nahon
identity alld later give a valuable light to the coming world civilization.
As the head of the committee, I would like to express my sincere apology,
if we cannot give the best service for all of the participants. In this particular
occasion, it is important to mention that for some reasons finally the committee
comes to the decision to present this proceeding in two languages. English and
Indonesian, with the hope that
will not lessen the significance of this
intenational conference.
In addition, there are some points to be noted. Firstly, there are some
papers that have been presented in the conference but for some reasons cannot be
included in this proceeding owing to the fact that they don't follow the basic
requirements of acadernic writing. Secondly, on the conhary there are some
unpresented papers, which were included in this proceeding under thc sub heading
of "unprese[ted papers". In relation to these, on bchalf of the committee I would
like to express my greatest apology.
In relation to the results of the two-day conference, there is one
corNideration that needs to be presented in this particular occasion, that is, the
result of the wrap up session of all presented papers, both the ones presented in
the plenary sessions and also those presented in pamllel sessions during the
conferenoe. The wrap up session has come to one important decision, that is, the
!€ed to reconsider and reformulate the possibility ofplacing ats as olle ofthe best
spirits of learring and practicing cultue in the future. Then, one of the most
strategic and significant step that had been discussed is by considering arts as one
of the uliversity general subjects (MKU) for all disciplines in all universities ir
it
The 1$ Intemational Conference for Arts and Arts Xducation
on Indonesia tICAAE) 2014
ei6er the ones belong to natural sciences or those belong to humanity
ki4
rirc- By doing so, hopefully, it will brings the spirits of arts values, science,
d & cjyilization that lead to the urgency of the humar and humanity valu$.
lb datyhg reason of doing this can be traced back from the three ideal values
d" -uiity that remain adored until this day, namely,' Beauty', 'Goodness' and
'Trd'.
It is expected that this r€commendation
becomes one of the best ideas
of
fulating
b
b
education of this country in the future.
As the head of the committee, I would like to expr€ss my d€epest gratihrde
D€@ of Faculty of Languages and Arts, Yogyakafia State Udversity, who
Ecilitated all of the conmifiee members to make this conference possible.
y, Ey de€pest gratitude goes to the hotfiur.able Bapak F.eclor of Yogyakarta
l*
S- Urivssity, for his willingness to deliver his speech atrd open the conference.
E;trIy, this conference could give a rneaningfirl and enlightening acadoruc
aht dl of vs. Amien.
Kasiyrn
Head of the Committee
The 1{ Intsrnational Confersnce for Arts aIrd Arts Education on Indonesia
(lcAAE) 2ol4
***
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The ldlnternattonal Conference for Arts and Arts Education
on Indonesia rICAAEI 2014
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:.- .:--j 3e.ome the Agent of Dehumanization and Denationalizatioo:
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27
l.---:-a.Ism in Contemporary Ads
D;uL Djariprambudi
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: --::rice Cultural Study in the Cu1aiculum Education ofAesthetic
Hajar Pamadhi
1X
54,
The lnlnternational Conference for Afts and !.rts Education
on Indonesia 0CAAEI 2014
Seni Rupa Konternporer dalam Pendidikan S€ni unh,rk Meningkatkan
Identitas dan Martabat Kebangsaan
Zakarias S. Soeteja
62
Humanism: Ideology and Arts Education Implementation in Indonesia
Mohammad Roddhi
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The Arts and Arts Education Strategies to lmFove the Dignity Human and
National ldentity
Imam Rahardjo Analta
Darma
............................... 88
A Local-Global Dichotomy in Art Education: An Ideological Challenge
Eko Sugiarto
..........................,, 94
Patdotic Themes in Modem Ait Painting oflndonesia
Agus
Priyatno
.......................... 104
Eradication of Hybridity of Traditional Afi By Banality of Enteftainment
Industry and Stream of Power of Cybercurlture Media in Indonesia
Moh. Rusnoto Susanto
............... 113
................................
Ke-Bhineka Tunggal Ika-an: Wujud Pendidikan Seni Berbasis Multikutural
di lndonesia
Iriaji........................
..................
Culturally-Based Stategy of Art Assessment
Tri Ilartiti Retnowati
.................. 139
...............................
Entrepreneurial Leaming Model in
Moeljadi
Pranata
At
123
Education
,...,,.............. l4'7
knproving Art Education in Indonesia Priority for Primary School
Bambang
.................... 162
Prihadi
Character Education Through
A
Stimulation
of
"Value-Based Expression
Dlawing"
Tri
Karyono
............................. 169
Revitalization of Local Wisdom thorugh T)?ogaphy T€aching
Abd. Aziz
..............,..... 183
Ahmad
Dimensi Nasioralisme dalam Karya Seni Publik
Dadang
Sulaeman
...................
198
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Cd*r€oce for Arls
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Edu{ariod s Corcepr
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249
Puppet Show 'Gara-gara'
25'7
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IEjab Style Developmeot in lodcnesie A Cultural Strategy of Hijab
C.:mmrmities Wlo Make Hijab Fashi@ into lndonesian Cultue
2',t
Z.tLh P.witrr
Oroamen Tradisional Indoaesia: Potret Kemanusiaan Dan Identitas Bangsa
Eni Puji A$tuti
I
282
Yogyakarta Kraton Batik Pattems: Slmbolic Cotrstucts Within the
Javaoese Culture
292
Frrid Abdulah
The Strucrure Form and Meaning
of
Leather Puppet Pendawa Lima in
lavanese Culture Perysketif
SlaBet Subiy.ntoro' Esterica YuDianti
299
GraJfiti as A Means of Interaction and Neighboring Comrnunication
Rudy Ilrrjanto
The Esthetics Transformation of Mysthical to Oltological Culture the
Model ofLoaal Cultue-Based Modern Art Construction
Suharno ...................
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328
The 1$lntemational Conference for Arts and Arts Education
on lndonesia IICAAE] 2014
The Hu1Tranism Perspective in Leaming Inclusive Art: Functioning the Art
as Character and Culture Adaptation Vehicie for Students with Special
Needs
Rudi
Irawanto
.........................33'7
Bentr.rk, Gaya, Furgsi, dan Makna Simbol Seni Hias Istana Raja-Raja Bugis
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347
Asmat Style Carved Adaptation Design Through Latin Letters widl
Semiotic TlTogiaphy Approach
Dodi
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Study on Arthroponetric and Ergonomic Furniture Design
Laboratory of Ar1 Educatlon
Agus Nursalim .........-
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366
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384
Development of Market Absorption 1b1 Local Fashion Designers Product
Arini Arumsari
398
The Modcl of Training Using Residual Material of Lace i1l Vocational
School
408
Citra Puspitasari
Modelling of Tum Based Figthing Game baed on Fuzzy Logic lJsrng
Inteliigent Agent
Cindy Nordiansyah, Nlochammad Hari.di, Supeno Mardi
Susiki
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'120
Preserving Local Cultue Indonesia through Karambol Game Using
lntelligent Agenl Based on Ftvzy Logic
" " " 432
Bambang Widjanarko, Mochammad Hariadi .. .. ... .. ..
Rancang Bangun Pemainan "Werkudara" Menggunakan Djikstra pada
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444
Saiful Yahya, Setiabudi Sakaria, Yunus Setyawan .. ... .. . . .. ... ..
Animasi Wajah Humanlike pada Karakter Hewan Menggunakan Molio'
aap,r/c Berbasis Regresi Linier
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Didit Prasetyo, Mochrmmad Hariadi, Supeno Mardi Susiki Nugroho
Re-Branding ltdotesian Culture in Intemational Level Through Chamcters
in Video Garnes: Case Study: Bomeo Culture
462
Hadi Prayogo,Chrstyowidiasmoro! Moch. Hariadi ... ....
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hrmersive Game Art and Historical Background Framework
Ika Anggraeni Rahmawati' Mochammad Ilariadi . .. . . ... ..
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:.::.:..: Building Using Eflneagram Pattem irl Wayang
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492
of A Cross-Cultural Approach
and Epic Poetry
M)'thology
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Tari Tamanka:r Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis
580
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on Indonesia 0CAAE) 2014
Karateristik Nyanyian Tradisioml Nias
Suwarta Zebua
589
Stmtegi Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif pada Pembelajaran
Piano
Panca Putri Rusdewanti
600
DANCE, IDENTITY AIID HUMANISM
Nilai-Nilai Humanisme dalam
Sutiyono
Proses Pembelajaran Seni
Tari
610
Traditional Art Performance in the Leaming of Cultural Ar-ts in a School:
Defense Strategy of Local Art and Culture itr A Global Context
Trisakti
The Construction
621
of
Padang Bulan Langen Ta1,ub
in Cultural ldentity
Perspective
Anik Juwariyah
632
Dancing Together Writing Forever
Citra Aryandari
642
Strategy ofthe Local Culture and Art Jaranan in the Context Globalization
Bambrng Sugito
649
Dancers' Figwes: The Intelligerce in the Research Process ald Creative
Ptooess
Ilendio Martono
665
Kentrung and Mhlts of Syeh Jondhang in the Jondhang Purpose Life,s in
Jepara
Bondet
Wrahttnal.
6'78
Shategi Pengelolaan Seni dan Budava Lokal dalam Konteks Global
Kuswarsantyo
687
Early Art Education, as an Effort of Fomation the Foundation of Nation
PeGonality
Endang Sutiyati
693
Keberadaaan dan Fungsi Tari Jaxan Bodhag sebagai Pemertahanan Budaya
Lokal Masyarakat Probolinggo Jawa Timur
Dwi Sulistyorini
'704
x1v
The lnlntemational Conference for Arts and Arts Education
on lndonesia flCAAEl 2014
C.Ecri\€ hoc€ss in Dance Lesson Through School Enviroffnent
fri s-rlfrni
.-..-............"""
f+llpc i..bos
ld. Clhe
Lrnovative Leaming ss
iD A Global Context
-5*i
h.r-]-ten
]}'|'_
A
Model: Strat€gy Retention Art
""""""""""
Kdtik
'712
722
Seni di Tengah Masyarakat dan Seniman
................................ '732
l*td@ge Pedtaian Sikap dalam Pendidikan
-rsih
Seni Tari
.....................
739
I.I.\G[AGE, LETTERS, TEEATE& IDENTITY AND IIIJMANISM
Lal E*isdom io Language
5.-.E d Nasiruddin Sainu ...... ... .
5c
S-i
"""
744
Iosights on T€aching English to SMK Studeots ofArts
$drrtini
Fane and Enlighteru[ent
I'h.stuti Purbeui
........................... 754
in Eric Carle's Five Picture Books
763
Pemertahanan Seni dan Budaya Lokal dalarn Konteks Global:
l@eabangan Kecerdasan Budaya Berbasis Kemampuan Metakognitif
Pembelajaran Sasha Indonesia
S[regi
lgilui
E vsstike
-- -"
774
Euiopean Influence on The Contemporary Indonesian Theater in The
Begiming of 2l't Century: The Study of tha Literaly Reception though th€
\{edias in hdonesia
Tb
.....
182
..... ...,...... ....
789
lfir Snsndayani
llrnan
.. ... ..
...
Rights in Patrick Cauvin's Roman Ze Sang Des Roses
bdr.ringsih
Values Found in American Literatue:A St udy on Buddhist Anti
\|aerialism irr Jack Kerouac's &qD@qBglg
-{sia
f-rr..
... ....... .. .
Cahyawati
I-€@ing of Drama ir PBsl-Department LNY
f|rltili BW
... .. ... ... ..
xv
..........
798
807
The 1*lnternational Conference for Arts and Arts Education
on Indonesia {ICAAE) 2014
Bemuda (Bemula dari yang Ada) Sebuah Model Proses Pembelajaran
Drarna Demensi Seni Perhmjukan Berbasis Kearifan Seni Tradisi Kita
Agus
Priyanto
.,........................ 817
Ngabubur Docwentary Film as Media of Instructional Arts and Culture
Yanti HeriYawati. Enok Wartika
828
Value of Folklore in Madura's Cultue
Wildona Zumam
Space
838
for Cultural Artioulation: Voising the Local in
Transformation
Ilery Prasetyo, Dien Vidia
Rosa
Commodity
......,........................844
Constuction and Cultual Reproduction: Education for The Affirmatioo of
Local-National Cultu.es iI1 Global Context
861
Ariefa Efiatrinsrum
Dimensi Humanisme dalam Pendidikan Sekolah Alarn sebagai Sebuah
Alternatif
................. 867
Rias Aatho Rahmi Suharjo ...................,..
UNPRESENTED PAPERS
Contov€rsy ofArt Education in Reconstructing Local Culture
Ida Siti Hera$ati
816
Post-Human Togog and Semar: Dehumanization and Anti-Humao
Fmme ofJavanese Muppet Story
lmam Setrobudi
in
the
887
The Expressions of Women of The Nordr Coast Region: An Aesthetic and
Semiotic Study of Dermayor Batik Motifs in Paoman, Iodrarnayu Regency
................ 901
Nanang Ganda Prawira ........ ... ..
.............
Classroom Management with the Use of Ecology as A Stategy of
Humanistic Arts and Cultlfe Education in Elementary School Grade
W.rih Ilandayaningrum
...................,......
.. ...
..
. ..
913
Tipologi Stategi Komunikasi Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan
Be$ahasa
Teti Sobari
926
600
The 1{international Conference fbr Arts and Arts Educalion
on Indonesia (ICAAE) 2014
STRATEGI PENGEMBA.NG-4.N A{EDIA PEMBELAJARAN
INTERAKTIF FADA Pfl,MBELAJARAN PIANO
Panca Putri Rusdewanti
Music Edt:catiol Depaftment, Facuity ofLanguages and Arts
Yogt;'kada State University
paiis3slri@cly.asid
Abstract
his paper aims to describe an ifiteractive instrltctional media in piano
learning. Media i teracti|e learni g is alle of strutegl that used to
increase -ttudent interest and motfuation ta leam, to -focus the attektiotr of
stuclents, .lllowing students to ledrn indepenclently, ta malre students ctctireb) in the
Iearning process and crcate a fLm leaming environment, so that learning can take
place [n an elfecti,-e, ejficient, ard appealing fbr help stucle ts in achie ng the
basic competencies that hare been set. -In tllis paper, piano learking is.fbcused on
Pidno L Piano I is a subject that must be lakefi by stude tr ajorlng in Music
Educatiorl Dcparhefit. Knowledge .tfid understulldi g among students of
diferent makes ilteractire lednling medic as a source of leuming that can assist
s!udentr in par!icip,tting ia Piano I lcdrning.
Key rords: media
ofi
leractire learning, piano learning, nusic.
Pendahuluan
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarla merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi
yang mempurryai Jurusan Pendidikan Seni Musik yang memberikan pembelajaran
piano sebagai salah satu mata kuliair yang wajib diternpub oleh mahamahasiswa.
Mata kuliah piano dilaksanakan 2 semestex terbagi dalam Piano 1 dan Piano 2.
Pada mata kuliah piano 1 sumber belajar yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh
mahamahasiswa adalah penyampaiar materi oleh dosen atau praktisi dan buku
teks. Teknik atau metode belajar yang digunakan adalah dedonstasi, /o/e pla),,
dan tutodal. Strategi dan model pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan selama ml
sudah dianggap dapat membantu mahamahasiswa dalam belajar. Namun pada
kenyataannya tidilk semua mahasiswa dapat menguasai iiompetensi dengan
mudah. Ada banyak kendala yang dirasakan diantaranya waktu yang tersedia
sangat terbatas, jumlah mahamahasiswd dalan satu kelas reiatif cukup banyak,
Themer "Rethinking the Human Dignityand Natiod Identityl
A Review Perspective ofArts and Arts Education"
The l"tlnternational Confcre ce foa riits and Arts Education
oir Jndonesia (lCAAE] 2014
dipolukan pendekatan individual, tingkal trdlaharDan yarg berbeda artar
mahamahasiswa, sebagian bcsif mahamahasisw:r tidak memiliki instrumsn piano
menyebabkan malLasiswa sangat bergantung pada saialia ytulg ada di kampus
yang jumlah da:r pemakaianirya sangat terbatas, dan <urangnya media
pembeJajalan ya:rg mcnd,rkurlg pc''nhciirjdran pirno.
BetdasaJkail ilengamaflii di lapangan maLa panulis m!jr',bu6t nncargan
media pembelajaar interakdi u:1tuk Mata Kuliah Piano yrog materinya
I
berdasarkan Sillabus dan RF! rnata klliah te$ebul. P:ngguoaan m€dia
pembelajaran interaktii membuat dosen terbanti! dalan n1er,.].ampaikan materi
dan memanfaatkall rva-kiu, baik waktu dalam menyiapkair pctl,belajaran maup,$
dalan ploses pembelajaran. Seiain itu media pembeiaiar.r interaldif ya"rg
dil.:emtaDgkan diilarapkan CeFit memotivasi mahamahasi:r';a untuk belajar
mandiri, aktifmeningkatkan pengetahuannya, kesadaran belajat meningkat seiring
kebutuhannya, dan hasil belajar mahamahasiswa l.:bih optirr'al. Juga rnembuat
maharnahasiswa dapat lebih leluasa dan lebih bebas mtngalor kecepatan
belajamya sesuai kemarrrpuatuIya dalirm proses pembelajarat. Hal ini berarti
mahasiswa diharapkan aLan lebih mandiri dan aktif mengatut waktu belajarnya
masing-masing (belajar itldividual) tanpa melgutangi pelkemhxngan kemampuan
sosiahya dalam kelas.
Pembahasan
Karakteristik multimedia pembelajaran menurut Adasdi (2008:3) sebagai
beikut: (1) memiliki lebih dari satu nedia yang ,ton',,erge, misalnya
menggabungkan unsut atdio dan r,/sual; (2) bersifat inieraktil dalam pengertian
memiliki kemampuaLn ul1tlrk mengakomodasi respon pengguna; dan (3) b€rsifat
mandiri, dalam pengertian memberi kemudahan dan kelengkapa,r isi sedemikian
rupa sehingga pengguna bisa menggunakan tanpa bimbiagan orang lain.
Multimedia interalitif menur'.rt Schwier & Misanchuk (1993:6) adalah "program
pembelajaian yang terdiri atas berbagai sumber belajai dengan pengoperasian
menggunakan komputer". PrograrD sengaja didesain dar dilihaL respon kcla,vakan
apakah (misalnya menu, masalah, simulasi, petanya?n) berpengaruh pada
sekuensi, ukuran, konteks dan bettuk proglam. Pendapai lain dikemukakan oleh
Philips (1997:8) yaitu multimedia interaktif didefinisikan sebagai suatu istilah
yang merupakan perwakiian dari semua informasi yaig dapat ditampilkan dalam
seb.oar' soffuare komputer, inlbrmasi ini mencakup teks. gambal diam, suara,
animasi" dan video yang terintegrasi dalam suatu program dan terdapat adarya
interaksi antara progam dengan pengguna.
Themer"Rethinking the Human Dignity and Nalion Identityl
A Review Perspective ofAris and Arts Education"
601
602
The l"tlntemational Conference for Afts and Arts Educatioir
on Indonesia 0CAAEI 2014
Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi pertlaJalahan pembelajarao dalam mata
kuliah Piano 1 maka penulis membuat rancangan media pembelajaran interaktif
yang nartinya di,-ijicobakan s€hirgga media yang dibuat layak sebagai sumber
belajar. Selanjuinya dapat diiakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui hasil belajar
mahasiswa setelah inenggunakrm media tersetrut. Model pengernbangan dalam
pembuatan media ini mengadaFtasi petgembangan Bory & Call (1983), model
pengembangan Lee & Owens (2004), dan model pengembaigan Allesi & Trolip
(2001). Tahapan-;ahapsn dalam penelitian pengembangan ini secara garis besar
meliputi tahap shidi pendah{luan, tahap perencanaan, tahap desain, dan tahap
pengembangan.
1.
Studi Pendahuluan
Model pengembangan yang diadaptasi dari Borg & call (1983) yaitu tahap
studi pendahuluan sebagai analisis kebutuhan atas pe.masalahan-permasalahan
yang timbul pada proses pembelajaran Piano 1. Berawal dari permasalahan
tersebut selarjutnya ditemukar solusi yang dapat memecahkan pennasalahan
yang terkait dengan pembelajaran. Model pengembangan yang diadaptasi dan
model Lee & Owen (2004) adalah tahap perencanaan. Al$an mengadaptasl
bagian tersebot karena tahap-tahap perencanaan lebih detail, ,iatr sudah m€muat
tahap-tahap desain pembelaja.ran. Model pengembangar menwut Ailesi & Trollip
(2001) bagian yang diadaptasi adalah desain dan pengeinbangan. Alasan
mengadaptasi bagia.n tersebut adalah pada bagian desain yang memiliki alur kerja
lebih terarah pada aktivitas pengatuan, penyusunan isi dan pembuatan ptoduk
multimedia pembelajaran. Be kut ini garis besar keempat tahapan
p€ngembangan:
Pada studi pendahuluan dilal-ukan analisis kebutuhan. Didalamnya dilakukan
kegiatan studi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Kegiattul tersebut secara rinci sebagai
berikut:
Studi lapangan:
1) Melakukan pengamatan
saat kuliah Piano 1 berlangsung.
2)
3)
Melakukan wawancam dengan dosen piano satu tim.
Melakukan wawancara dengan mahamahasiswa Piano 1.
b. Studi Pustaka:
1
Mengumpulkal kurikulum, silabus, dan RPP Piano 1 .
2) Mencari dan mengumpulkan hasil-hasil penelitian yang berkaitan
dengan multimedia pembelajamn.
3) Mencari dan mengDmpulkan buku-buku referensi, artikel, dan hasilhasil peneliti.n yang relevatr dengan pembelajaran piano.
)
Theme: "Rethinking the Human Dignity and Nation ldenriry:
A Review Perspective ofArts and Arts Education"
'Ihe liinlcrnational Corrteiiiriai i4r iifis and Al.ts lducation
Dn I:idonesia (ICAAE) 2014
2.
Perencanoan
Setelah sel€s;ri lneiakiikar stirdi pe.tLi:iuluan selanjirtnya melakukan
pe{encanaan. Kcgiatai! yailg dilakukall pada ialap perencaoaan adalah sebagai
bcrikrit:rnengiCejrtj:i:irlsik3lr hidang/nlaig liilaiiiilr natcri y3 lg akan ditampilkar
yang dirriuk da: K$.iliijlrte, S1labrrs, dan ilPP mata kuliah Piano i,
m€'luirLusl4an lLi a! 'r'l),i!j ing}: ,:ltjapdi r1c;i pr:irglnbangan yarg akan dilakukan,
n,lene!1hrka]1 l.oinir.rets; desai dal indikatoi pencapaiait kompetensi yallg
ciisesuaikan dengaf, si$C.. konrlelensi mata kaliah piano 1, :nelakukan diskusi
dengaD doser satu 1i1'r:r dair ahli mated, tecrrrok)gi anctl.rsis. dar, media analysis
3. !]lrain
Pada tahap desah diialcrkan kegiatan sebagai beiikut: merrgembangkan ide-
Cengan pioduk berdasarkan hesil disi.usi ahli materi,
melakukam :nalisis . koisep dan tugas, melakukafi desknpsi progran awal dmgan
menenfukan mater'i lrohol,, llierluliskan standai kornlpetexgi, konrpetensi dasar, dan
indikator pcncapaiad k.;npeteisi berdasarka,r kurikulum, silabus, dan RPP,
membuat /o ilr:fti:rrt iar, storfbrar.ls.
ide yang ber*aital
4.
Pengernbangan
Pada tahap p(])lgcorbaogan, ielurul] lahap{ahap yang dilakr-rkan seialu
d,engar on Eoing
ewlr4tlor. Tahap-tahap tersebut
diikuti
adalah menyiapkan teks materi
yang akan dimasukkan dalam produk multimedia pembelaialan, nenyiapkan
soal-soal latihan dan soal evaluasi yarg akar dimasukkao dalam program,
menyiapkan gaDlbar (ibto) yang akan digunekan, n-,enyiapkan audio, membuat
animasi, menggabungkan bagian-bagian gambar. rrlenyrsur dan menempatkan
teks, soal evaluasi, audio, dan anirnasi. Melakukan el'aiuasi fonnatif, yaitu:
nelakukan uji alpha (are.mvalidasi ploduk nultimeriia pemLelajarar oleh ahli
materi dan ahli mcdia), melakukan uji beta denga-n mengujr produk secara terbatas
kepada 6 (e11am) orang mahan1ahasiswa. meizrkukan revisi berriasarkan saran dan
rnasukal dari hasil uji alpha
5.
dLr,r
uji beta.
Uii Coba Produk
Produk multimedia pembelajaran inieraktif yang dikemas dalam bettuk
CD penbelajaran sebellm Cimanfaatkan secara urrtum perlu diuji coba terlebih
dahulu untuk mendapatkair masukan baik rlari aspek media maupun aspek materi
pelabelajaran. Dalan melakukar uji coba, diharapkan produk yang dihasilkan
ieruji secara teoritis dan cnrpiris. Data-da& yang diperoleh dari uji coba akan
digunakan untuk memperbaiki dan nrenyempurnakan produk pembelajatan.
Therner "Rethinking &e Human DiEniq' and Nation Identityl
A Review PerspectLve of Arts and Arts Educalion"
603
604
The l"tlnternational Conference for Arts andArts Education
on lndonesia
(lCMEI 2014
s. Desaln Uji Coba
Uji
coba produk djlakukan untuk nendapatkan umpan balik secara
langsung dari peilgguna, sc.ta untuk mengetahui kelemahan-kelemahan dal
kekurangan-kekuratlgan
png
ada pada produk yasg
4i1"-5au*an
sebagai dasar
untuk melakukan revisi. Secara rinci desain uji cJba meliputil
1) Uji alplu
berupa validasi produk oleh ahli materi dan airli media berkairan
dengan pro,iuk mcnjadi acuan unhrk perbaikan dan revisi produk.
2) Uji
beta ufltuk mengetahui tanggapan- samn, dan rfiasukan dari gulu
terhadap lrcduk yang dikembangkan. Tanggap:ur, saiarL dan masukan
tersebut kenudian disusun dan dianalisis untuk revisi athir produk. Revisi
produk diiakukan sesmi dengan saran, masukan, ta.lggapan dari al i
materi, ahli nedia, dan g\rru mata pelajaran (uji alpha dan uji beta).
6. Objek Uji Coba
Berdasarka:r t-'rjuan uj; coba 1'aitu untuk inengetahui kualitas dan
kelayakan produk yang dibuat, maka teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah
purpose sampling. Purlose sampling adalah pengambiian sr:npel sumber data
dengan pertimbangan tertentu, dan sanpei-sampel yang dipilih diharapkan dapat
memberikan informasi maksimal (Sugiyono, 2005: 54).
7, Jenis
Data
Uji
coba produk dimaksudkan untuk mengumpulkan data yang dapat
digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mergetahui kualitas dari masing-masmg
komponen pengembangan multinedia pembelajaran agar nantinya dapar
digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil uji coba mr
ada dua yaitu data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif. Data-dat.! kuantitatif untuk
selanjutnya di konversi ke dalam data kualiiatif.
Data kuantitatif berbentuk data odinal diperoleh dari hasil penilaian
elpert judgement yaitu dosen seni musik sebagai al i m6teri, ahli multimedia dan
hasil ujj lapatlgan. Data kualitatif berb€ntuk uraian nerupakan hasil observasi,
hasil wawancara. saran dan masukan dari responden liji coba dan pengamatan.
Data-data tersebut dibutuhkan agar nantinya dapat memberikaD gambaran
mengenai kualitas mated, kualitas tampilan produk multinedia pembelajaran.
Theme | "Rethinking the Human Digniry and Nation Identityl
A Review Perspective ofAfis and Arts Education"
The i
8.
n
lnle iJrati ona I Conferen.e fo: ..its and Arts Education
on iirdonesia (lCAAE] 2014
Instrumen P€ngumprlan Datg
a. JeFis Instrum{:$
Instrwnen J,3i:r: d:gurrakan rintuk mengu:ti;ulkal daia daiirm penelitian
m1
adalah angket, peci:r:ral., r,,at ai!,,rsra, dan penganiatan.
I
) Angket
Angket
1a!! riisjl.tr rrcliputi tiga jeii.!
resp( nden odlaln 1-.::.rri, ..r 1ir.g.'nbangan
a)
sesuai dergar peran dan posisi
inr. \ artir'
Angiei uriluk abli materi, pen}l]sulian aJgket .litinjau dad
aspek
kualir3s iratetri penlLlelajaran dall strategi pembeli'-;aral1.. Tujuan da].i
penyrsLuiii 3ngkct ini adalah untuk lremperi,'leh data tentang
b)
c)
kualiias desain peff belaj aran.
,{ngket unhik ahli media, digunakan untuk ue1npi;foleh data tentang
kualit;is teknis daii pfoduk )'ang dihasilkan, diisi oleh seseorang
).,ang inernt',in-v.'ti keahiian daiam bidang multimecjla
Arigl.-et r-i11iuk anlahasiswa sebagai subjek uji coba/responden.
Angi<ei iri dig'dnakan untuk memperoleh data tqltang kualitas CD
pelribeidjaran diiinjau dari sudut pandang mahamahasiswa pada saat
'rji coba lapangan terhadap aspek materi, aspek pctrbolajaran dan
aspek incdia.
Pedoman wawancara digunakan sebagai alat mengunprll data dari dosen
tim sehubungi[l dengan analisis kebutuhan dan stLLdi pendahuluan yang
diperlukan. Vy'a'wancara yaxg dilakukan dalan penelitial ini adalah wawancara
bebas teryimpin sehinggga peneliti hanya me[yiapkan petanyaan-peftanyaan
yang akan disarnpaikan. Hal ini digunakan un ik n€ndapstkan gambaran yang
jelas tentang informasi yang diperlukar,.
b. Teknik Valida3i Instrumen
mendapatkan kualitas iislrumen pelelitian yang baik, sebeLtm
digunakan untuk nenjaring data terlebih dahulu instutneri diuklr tingkat validrtas
dan reliabilitasnya. Pada pe.reiiiian ini validitas instuncn ditentukan dengan
vaiiditas secara tecdtis (logis), sedangknn reliabiitas instrumen ditentukan secara
teoritis melalui butir-butir soal tcs maupun secara ernpiris yakni lnelalui uji coba.
Ultuk
1. Teknik Analisis Data
Data yang akan dipcroleh ini diklarillkasi menjadi dua, yaitu data kualitatif dan
data kuantitatii Data kualititif berupa kritik, saran, dan masukan dari ahii maleri,
Theme: 'Rethinking ihe Human Dignity and Nation ldentityl
A Review Perspective of Arts and Arts Education"
The 1'tlnternadonal Confercnce for Arts and Arts Eduaatiirl
on Indonesia 0CAAEJ 2014
ahli media, dan siswa yang dihimpu[ scrta
a].riik
untuk memperbaiki produk
kurttitatif berupa dota ordinai yang diperoleh dari ahli
materi, ahli media, dlln siswa yang menggunakan skala Likert dianalis
mengguraka! moy':d. Sepqti yang dikemukakan oleh Mogey (1998 | 21):
yartg dikemba.ngkan. Data
Tfu: data *llet'tetl are otdinal: the.v haye &n i hoefit order or sequenee,
but ohe c,fitiot.i\siuni [hat thc respoljJent rrturs Il)at the dilJbrcnce
between u.:],ea:i!1g and srrcngly agleeihg is the sdh1. ds betwcen agreeing
qnd being unieci4ed. D?scriptii)e Techniques: (l) Sltmmarise using q
median ol
(tot a mean), the rfiode is probably th. most suitable for
'JloLle
eaq) interpletasion; (2) Express wtiability in terms oJ the range or inter
qudrtile r6ng. (not the standalt deyiatian); (3) Dispia! the (listt.ibution of
observdtior,s itr d dotplot or a bLrchatt (it ca .t be c histogram, because
the daia is :1al co tihuour).
Bila data yang dikr.unpulkan adalah ordinai, maka data lnen1iliki perintah
yang meiekat atau berurutan, tetapi rcsponden tidak dapat mergasumsikan bahwa
perbedaan pendapat orang diantara setuju dan sangat setuju berarti sana antara
setuju dan yang ragu-ragu. Teknik deskriptifnya adalati: (1) Meringkas
menggunakafi nledian atau modus; (2) Exprcss rariabilit.ls dalam rentang atau
antar kuartii rentang (bokan standar devisi); (3) Tampiian disl.ibusi pengarnatan
di dotlpot atar barchart (tidak
dapat rtenjadl hijtogram, sebab data tidak
kontinu).
Teknik deskiptif ini digLrnakan dengan alasan karena instrumen yarrg
digunakan adalah skala Likert, sehingga daiam upaya penyinpula,'rnya harus
memak modus, bukan rata-rata (mea ). Data yang diklmpulkan dengan
menggunakan skala Likert adalah data ordinal sehingga sifatnya adalah urutan
yang tidak dapat dipisahkan, tetapi tidak dapat diasumsikan bahwa makna setuju
dengan benar-benar setuju adalah sama. Pelyajinn data menggunakat\ dotplot atan
barchart karet\a datarya adalah un-rtan.
Penilaian setiap aspek pada produk yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian
ini dengan menggunakar\ skala Likert, dikatakan layak jika nodus dari responden
adalah minimal 4 (bagus). Skor dan kriteria pada skala /,r,4elt dalan penelitian m1
disajikan pada Tabel di barvah ini.
Themer "Rethinking the Human Dignityand Nation Identityj
A Review Perspective ofArts and Axts Education"
The 1$International Conference l-or A.ts and Arts Education
on tndonesia (ICME) 2014
Tabel
l.
Skor dan Kriteria Penilaiall
Skor
Kriteria
Sangat bagus
4
Bagus
3
Cukup
Kurang
I
Berdasarkan ltrutall
Sangat kurang
di
atas, maka digunakan rnodts
urluk analisis
data
yang diperoleh. Duta yang diperoleh dari ahli materi, ahli rnedia, dan siswa
dianalisis menggun:kan nodus, skala yang paling sering tampai'lmuncnl menjadi
acuan kategod prcduk dan tamp;lan distribusi ft\e\ggonakur barcharL
Simpulan
Pembelajdran dengan nenggunakan multimedia pembelajaran diharapkan
mampu mendorolg n]ahasiswa untuk lebih termotivasi dalafr belajar sehingga
kegiatan belajar trlenjadi lebih bermakna, karena mahasis'rr'a iermotivasi untuk
belajar, maka mahasis&a menyadari bahwa belajar adalah kebuiuhan yang haflrs
didapatkannya sendiri. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, mahasiswa akan
belajar mencari, mencmukan, dan membalgun pengetahuannya Cengatl kesadamn
sendid sehingga diharapkan hasil belajar juga menjadi lebih betmakna dan seni
Daftar Pustaka
Alessy, S.M.
& Trollip S.R. 200]t. Multimedia for
Developmeni. Bostoli
Learning, Methods and
A1l),r and Bacon-A Pearson Education Company.
Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran", dianbil
tanggal 24 Maret 201 0 dad http://ariasdimultimedia, wordpress.com
Ariasdi. 2008. "Panduan
Azhat Arsyad.2OO'l . Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafrndo Persada.
Borg, Walter. R. & Gall, M., D. 1983. Eda cationdl Research:
ed. New York & London: Logman.
A
introducttoll. 46
Campbell, Don. 2001. EJek Mozart bagi Anak-anak. Jakarta: PT Gramedia
Pustaka Utama.
Themer "Rerbinking the Human Dignitlrand Nation Identityl
A Review Perspe€tive ofArts and Arts Education"
607
608
The 1$lntemational Conference for Arts and Arts Education
on lndonesia oCAAEI 2014
Lee, W.W., & Owens,D.L.2004. Multi/nedia Based Insttuctiofial Desim.2"d ed.
Sar Francisco: Pfeiffer.
Mogey,
N.
1998. Evaluation Cookbook.
Leorr\irrl Technology Dissemination
Initiativ Edinburgh: Institute for Computer Based Leaming Heriot-Watt
University.
R. 1997. The Developer 3 Handbook to Interactive Multimedia: A
Practical Guidefor Educational Applications. London: Kogan Page.
Phillips,
Schweir, R. A., & Misanchuk, E. R. 1993, hieractive Multimedia Instructionat.
New Jeney: Englewood Cliffs
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A Review Perspective ofAfts and Arts Edu€ation"
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