London
2062housing
© bere: architects
Pelsmakers
Sofie
© bere: architects
50 years
from
now,…
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
I should be
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
I should be
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
87 years old
because
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
because
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Most women in
my family live in
their
90’s
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
97
But will I?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
But will I?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Probably not,…
Because
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Because
by 2050
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Because
by 2050
London will
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
be too hot
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
this is fatal
to many
elderly
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Why?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Why?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. NO global effort to reduce carbon emissions so
unabated climate change:2-6ºC temperature rise
Why?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. NO global effort to reduce carbon emissions so
unabated climate change:2-6ºC temperature rise
2. UK failed to meet its 80% CO2 reduction by 2050
Why?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. NO global effort to reduce carbon emissions so
unabated climate change:2-6ºC temperature rise
2. UK failed to meet its 80% CO2 reduction by 2050
3. ≈75% of buildings which exist today will still exist in
2050; of which 26 million dwellings
Why?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. NO global effort to reduce carbon emissions so
unabated climate change:2-6ºC temperature rise
2. UK failed to meet its 80% CO2 reduction by 2050
3. ≈75% of buildings which exist today will still exist in
2050; of which 26 million dwellings
4. Lack of incentives means they both contribute to CO2
emissions and are ill-adapted to London’s changing
climate
Why?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. NO global effort to reduce carbon emissions so
unabated climate change:2-6ºC temperature rise
2. UK failed to meet its 80% CO2 reduction by 2050
3. ≈75% of buildings which exist today will still exist in
2050; of which 26 million dwellings
4. Lack of incentives means they both contribute to CO2
emissions and are ill-adapted to London’s changing
climate
5. Heat-related deaths; 2000 in summer 2003 in UK
How hot?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
How hot?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Summers to be
4.5ºC warmer
(2080)
How hot?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
(2080)
© The Environmental Design Pocketbook
What else?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
(2080)
Sea level rise:
50-90cm
What else?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
(2080)
Sea level rise:
up to
50-90cm
26% decrease in summer rain
What else?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
(2080)
Sea level rise:
50-90cm
26% decrease in summer rain
Up to 32% increase in winter rain
up to
impact?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
impact?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. Increased seasonal water shortages
impact?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. Increased seasonal water shortages
2. Increased risk of flooding + localized
flash floods
impact?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. Increased seasonal water shortages
2. Increased risk of flooding + localized
flash floods
3. Decreased winter fuel-poverty
impact?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
1. Increased seasonal water shortages
2. Increased risk of flooding + localized
flash floods
3. Decreased winter fuel-poverty
4. Increased summer ‘cooling-poverty’
and health related issues (particularly
the elderly at risk)
avoidable?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
avoidable?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Yes!
avoidable?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
But we have to
future-proof
today.
Sounds
simple?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
It is!
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
because
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Although these conditions are new
to London, we can borrow from
other climates in the world
(Mediterranean, Netherlands)
How?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
By choosing housing
interventions which both
and
mitigate
adapt to
climate change
How?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
5 key interventions
1. insulate
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
1. insulate
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Insulation
Going
& increased
to zero carbon
airtightness
reduce winter heat loss but also
summer heat gains.
1. insulate
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going tohousing
zero carbon
Insulate existing
stock to high
standards
1. insulate
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Passivhaus/EnerPHit
Going to zero carbon
or similar
Spot the
Passivhaus?
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© bere: architects
1. insulate
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
We need
Going
to to
think
zeroabout
carbon
external
insulation (retains thermal mass,
reduces thermal bridging & other risks)
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
© Anne Thorne Architects
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
© Anne Thorne Architects
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
depth of insulation
is substantial
Going to zero carbon
© Anne Thorne Architects
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© Anne Thorne Architects
1. insulate
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
while increasing
Going to airtightness
zero carbonwe need
to allow for biodiversity habitats!
biodiversity
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
…because striving for increased
airtightness reduces opportunities for
birds to nest & bats to roost in gaps &
cracks of old buildings.
© Architecture for Change
biodiversity
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Example of how it can be supported
biodiversity
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© bere: architects
biodiversity
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© Architecture for Change
2.greenery
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
2.greenery
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Increase greenery, permeable
surfaces & water storage – at micro
and macro scale
2.greenery
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
This will:
• increase biodiversity
2.greenery
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
This will:
• increase biodiversity
• reduce Urban Heat Island
Effect & effects of hot summers
2.greenery
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
This will:
• increase biodiversity
• reduce Urban Heat Island
Effect & effects of hot summers
• reduce flood risk
Environmental
The UK Doctoral Training Centre©
inThe
Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
Design Pocketbook
© The Environmental Design Pocketbook
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© Architecture for Change
measures
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© Architecture for Change
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© bere: architects
3.reflection
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
3.reflection
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
Light coloured external surfaces at
micro & macro scale
3.reflection
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
Because it will:
3.reflection
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
Because it will:
• reflect sunlight back
3.reflection
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
Because it will:
•reflect sunlight back
•reduce surface temperatures by
10-20ºC
3.reflection
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
Because it will:
•reflect sunlight back
•reduce surface temperatures by
10-20ºC
•keep buildings cooler
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
© The Environmental Design Pocketbook
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Light coloured surfaces, Avignon
4. shading
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Going to zero carbon
4. shading
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Goingsolar
to zeroshading
carbon will
external
become essential in London 2062:
4. shading
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Goingsolar
to zeroshading
carbon will
external
become essential in London 2062:
replace outward opening windows
with internal opening windows to
allow for ventilation.
4. marseille
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Freiburg
5.airflow
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
5.airflow
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Night cooling is particularly
important to balance increasing
summer temperatures
to zero carbon
© The Environmental Design Pocketbook
5. airflow
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© The Environmental Design Pocketbook
It is not
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
‘zero carbon’
0CO2
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Because London on the whole is of
too high density to achieve this
in the current definition of ‘zero
carbon’
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
© The Environmental Design Pocketbook
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
Approx. 100 dw/ha – low energy
Approx. 30 dw/ha – ‘zero carbon’
Energy
efficiency
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
= first
renewable
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
And,…
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
London boroughs who have
foresight of mitigation &
adaptation will be better & safer places
to live.
Thank you
The UK Doctoral Training Centre in Energy
Demand Reduction and the Built Environment
www.environmentaldesignpocketbook.com
www.architectureforchange.com