Laboratory for
Atmospheric and
Space
Physics
Activity Report
2002
University of Colorado at Boulder
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Cover: The LASP Space Technology Building, formally dedicated on September 5,
1991. This facility is located off-campus in the Research Park at 1234 Innovation
Drive, Boulder, Colorado.
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
University of Colorado at Boulder
Campus Box 590
1234 Innovation Drive
Boulder, Colorado 80303-0590
(303) 492-6412
http://lasp.colorado.edu
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2002 Activity Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
iv
A Message from the Director
v
Brief History of LASP
vi
LASP Appropriated Funding
vii
Current Programs
1
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)
2
TIMED Solar EUV Experiment (SEE)
9
EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) for SDO
10
Measurements of Halogen Oxides in the Troposphere
10
CRYSTAL-FACE
12
Sun-Earth Connections Program
13
Student Nitric-Oxide Explorer (SNOE)
13
MESSENGER (Mercury: Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging): A Mercury Orbiter Mission
15
The Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer
(SAMPEX) Mission
16
LASP Occultation Research
17
POAM II/III
18
SAGE II/III
18
HALOE
18
ACE
19
Solar Occultation Science Investigations
19
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Stellar Occultation Instrument Development
25
High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder
28
Aeronomy of Ice in the mesosphere (AIM)
29
Personnel
31
Faculty Research Interests
35
Faculty Activities
41
Seminars
49
Publications
53
Papers Presented at Scientific Meetings
61
Contracts Awarded
73
Proposals Submitted
79
Introduction
This report describes some of the activities of the members of the Laboratory for
Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) from January 2002 through December 2002.
LASP is an institute of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado. LASP conducts basic theoretical and experimental research in planetary, atmospheric, magnetospheric, and solar physics. LASP also conducts research to explore the potential
uses and development of space operations and information systems, as well as to develop scientific instrumentation. Through LASP's research programs, University faculty, staff members, and students are able to participate in national space programs.
In particular, students from the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences,
the Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, the Department of Physics, the
Department of Geological Sciences, and the College of Engineering can pursue their
research interests under the auspices of the Laboratory.
Members of LASP explore fundamental questions in the areas of planetary science, magnetospheric physics, atmospheric composition and processes, and solar
physics. A coordinated, multi-objective research program has evolved that uses remote sensing spectroscopic and in situ techniques. The programs are devoted to univ
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2002 Activity Report
derstanding terrestrial and planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres, and to investigating processes occurring on the Sun.
LASP has taken part in major space exploration missions. This work has demonstrated LASP's ability to conceive, design, fabricate, test, and operate space vehicles
and instruments and to exploit the data from space experiments. This technological
and scientific competence is most evident in the recent Cassini, TIMED, and SORCE
missions, and in on-going efforts to develop and perfect detector systems and other
instruments.
Research and development programs at LASP provide new techniques for data
manipulation and image processing, as well as new instruments and sensors for
space applications. Members of LASP examine basic concepts for space operations
and information systems and develop tools and approaches to evaluate and support
these concepts. In response to the increasingly complex needs of operating spacecraft
and handling data, LASP is developing prototype operations systems for the Space
Station, EOS, and for other future missions. The OASIS system (Operations and Science Instrument Support) is evolving into a multi-purpose operating system that will
be used on NASA's Space Station testbed, by many NASA centers, by the European
Space Agency, and by several aerospace companies as well.
A number of the research associates at LASP hold joint appointments in the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, in the Program in Atmospheric
and Oceanic Sciences, in the Department of Physics, in the Department of Aerospace
Engineering Sciences, and in the Department of Geological Sciences. The large scientific community at the University and in Boulder provides opportunities for members of LASP to enjoy substantial collaboration and communication with experts in
related fields. LASP has also actively conducted experimental and theoretical work in
cooperation with other universities in the United States and abroad. In recent years
joint programs have been carried out with institutions in Belgium, Canada, Finland,
France, Germany, Japan and Russia.
Please visit LASP's Website for the latest developments: http://lasp.colorado.edu
A Message from the Director
The past year and a half has seen LASP go through a program review (PRP)
which occurs under the University of Colorado system every 7 years. In the course of
this review, the Laboratory did a thorough self-study which included an update of its
strategic plan. There was also a visit from LASP's External Advisory Committee
(chaired by Prof. Joseph Burns, Cornell University) and later by the PRP's external
review committee (Prof. Lennard Fisk [U. of Michigan] and Prof. Warren Moos
[Johns Hopkins University]). In all of this, we have had a chance to reflect on where
we are and where we have been. Through our strategic planning, we have also been
able to think about future directions for the Laboratory.
The successes of SNOE, Quickscat, and other programs in the last year is very exciting. Newer programs under development such as SORCE and IMEX are also a
great challenge. We are aggressively pursuing new opportunities in the NASA
UNESS, SMEX, and Discovery programs. Our recent success in the MESSENGER
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project (with Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory) under the Discovery program auspices, whets our appetite for new experimental challenges.
New mission activity comes along with the excitement and importance of science
data coming back from such ongoing missions as Galileo, Cassini, HST, UARS,
ISTP/POLAR, SAMPEX, FAST, and other programs. Also, laboratory developments
in dust detection systems, results from Space Shuttle missions (COLLIDE and MGM)
and new research in the Astrobiology program have made the past year most exciting. The theoretical and modeling efforts that parallel the hardware, data analysis,
and operations work makes for an exceptionally complete program in LASP.
We at LASP express our appreciation to the University, to the local Boulder
community, and to the national agencies for the continuing support that we receive.
We look forward to working actively with the broad space research community in
many new endeavors. Thank you to the students, staff, and faculty of LASP for all
their hard work. Special thanks to Ann Alfaro for her tireless efforts in preparing this
report.
Daniel N. Baker
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics:
A Brief History
In 1946-47, a handful of American universities joined with the military and with
industry to initiate the era of space exploration. The University of Colorado was one
of those pioneering universities. The first experiments to be performed in space were
lofted by sub-orbital rockets. A key obstacle to these first rocket flights was providing
a stabilized platform for cameras and other experiments. With support from the Naval Research Center and the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory (now the
Phillips Laboratory), the University of Colorado formed a research group called the
Upper Air Laboratory (UAL) to solve this problem. Their solution — called the
biaxial pointing platform — cleared the way for some of the first major scientific discoveries made in space. Researchers and engineers from the UAL flew experiments
into space on over 50 rocket flights before Sputnik. By 1965, the UAL had grown substantially. Along with this growth came a new building on campus and a new name:
the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics. The public is invited to tour our
facility and to observe the work that LASP does today.
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LASP Appropriated Funding
During the period 1/1/2002 to 12/31/2002 LASP appropriated funding totaled
$26,288,455 for support of 151 grants and contracts.
LASP Appropriated Funding
80.000
70.000
Dollars In Millions
60.000
50.000
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
0.000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1983 Base Dollars
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2002 Constant Dollars
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CURRENT PROGRAMS
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Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)
SORCE Mission Description
The SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) is a free-flying satellite
carrying four instruments to measure the solar radiation incident at the top of the
Earth’s atmosphere. SORCE was successfully launched on Saturday, January 25,
2003, from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Cape Canaveral, Florida. As one element
of NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS), the SORCE mission is a joint effort between NASA and the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP). LASP
has full programmatic responsibility for this 5-year mission to further understand the
influence of the Sun on the Earth system.
The SORCE mission is under the direction of Principal Investigator Gary Rottman. LASP developed, calibrated, and tested the four science instruments, and integrated them onto a spacecraft provided by Orbital Sciences Corporation. Throughout
the entire mission, the science and mission operations will be conducted from LASP’s
Mission Operations Center.
SORCE instruments include the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM), the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM), two Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiments
(SOLSTICE), and the XUV Photometer System (XPS). These instruments will continue the precise measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) that began with the
ERB instrument in 1978 and have continued to the present with the ERBS, ACRIM,
and VIRGO measurements. It will also provide measurements of the solar spectral
irradiance from 1 to 2000 nm.
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Figure (left) – Launching SORCE into space on January 25, 2003. The L-1011 aircraft
carrier and the Pegasus climbed to 40,000 feet – the elevation required for the Pegasus drop. Figure (right) – The Pegasus is dropped and goes into a 5-second free-fall
before igniting the first of three stages.
Figure shows Stage 1 ignition, five seconds after the Pegasus was
dropped. SORCE was in orbit approximately 10 minutes later.
Science Rationale
Solar radiation, the Earth’s average albedo, and long wave infrared emission determine the Earth’s global average equilibrium temperature. Measurements obtained
during the past 22 years show that TSI varies ~0.1% over the solar cycle with larger
short-term variations. The variations occur over time scales from one day up to and
exceeding the 11-year solar cycle. Climate models including a realistic sensitivity to
solar forcing indicate corresponding global surface temperature changes on the order
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of 0.2°C for recorded solar variations. However, global energy balance considerations
may not provide the entire story, and how TSI variations are distributed in wavelength is critically important in understanding the Earth’s response to solar variations.
Because of selective absorption and scattering processes in the atmosphere, different regions of the solar spectrum affect Earth’s climate in distinct ways. Approximately 20-25% of the TSI is absorbed by atmospheric water vapor, clouds, and ozone,
impacting convection, cloud formation, and latent heating via processes that are
strongly wavelength dependent. Wavelengths below 300 nm are completely absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere and contribute the dominant energy source in the
stratosphere and thermosphere, establishing the upper atmosphere’s temperature,
structure, composition, and dynamics. Variations in the Sun’s radiation at these short
wavelengths can be factors of two or greater and lead to significant changes in atmospheric chemistry. The solar ultraviolet influences stratospheric chemistry and
dynamics, which in turn controls the ultraviolet radiation leaking through to the surface. Radiation at visible and infrared wavelengths, containing the bulk of the solar
energy, penetrates into the lower atmosphere. The non-reflected portion of this radiation is absorbed in the troposphere or by the Earth’s surface, becoming a dominant term in the global energy balance and an essential determinant of atmospheric
stability and convection. To understand the effects solar variability has on Earth’s
climate, it is important to accurately monitor both the TSI and its spectral dependence.
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SORCE Science Objectives
NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise includes a space-based component consisting of
a constellation of satellites to monitor the Earth system from space. These sustained
and comprehensive observations include the measurement of solar irradiance as the
dominant direct energy input to land, ocean, and atmosphere. As an integral part of
this NASA enterprise,
•
•
•
SORCE is making precise and accurate measurements of the total solar irradiance (TSI). These observations are connected to previous TSI measurements to
form a long-term record of solar influences on the Earth. TSI measurements
provided have an absolute accuracy of 0.01% and a long-term relative accuracy of 0.001% (10 ppm) per year.
SORCE is establishing a precise data set of solar spectral irradiance measurements of the visible and near infrared solar spectral irradiance suitable for future climate studies. The daily solar spectral irradiance measurements are
from 1 nm to 2000 nm with a spectral resolution (Δλ/λ) of <1/30, an absolute
accuracy of 2% to 5% in the ultraviolet and 0.1% in the visible to near infrared,
and a precision and relative accuracy of better than 0.01% per year.
SORCE is making daily measurements of the solar ultraviolet irradiance from
115 to 320 nm with a spectral resolution of .1 nm. This measurement has an
absolute accuracy of better than 5% and a long-term relative accuracy of 0.5%
per year. The solar/stellar comparisons are used to relate the solar spectral ir-
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radiance to the ensemble average flux from a number of bright, early-type
stars.
SORCE Instruments
SORCE provides precise daily measurements of the
TSI with the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM)
instrument. TIM monitors changes in incident sunlight
to the Earth's atmosphere via an ambient temperature
active cavity radiometer. Using a new development that
incorporates state-of-the-art technologies in its
Electrical Substitution Radiometers (ESRs), TIM
measures TSI to an absolute accuracy of 100 ppm,
where 1 ppm = 0.0001.
The newly developed Solar Irradiance Monitor (SIM) instrument makes the first
continuous record of the top of the atmosphere
spectral solar irradiance in the visible/near infrared region. It uses a prism as the self-calibrating,
single optical element and a miniature absolute
ESR as the primary detector. The SIM instrument
measures spectral irradiance from 200 to 2000 nm.
There are two identical Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) instruments on SORCE to measure spectral irradiance from
115 to 320
nm, with a
spectral
resolution
of 0.1 nm. These instruments are an evolution
and refinement of the Upper Atmosphere
Research Satellite’s (UARS) SOLSTICE, and
they observe the same bright blue stars as a
long-term calibration standard. The stellar
targets establish essential corrections to the
instrument sensitivity, since these stars should
remain constant. Previous solar measurements
show that far ultraviolet irradiance varies by
as much as 10% during the Sun’s 27-day
rotation, while the bright 121.6 nm hydrogen
Lyman–α emission may vary by as much as a factor of two during an 11-year solar
cycle.
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The XUV Photometer System (XPS) instrument
measures the very energetic EUV and soft x-ray flux,
where the solar variability exceeds a factor or two. Its
precision and relative accuracy requirements are therefore on the order of ±10%. It measures broadband
spectral irradiance from 1 to 34 nm, and is designed
similar to the XPS on the TIMED (ThermosphereIonosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) satellite. The XPS extends the solar XUV irradiance measurements with improved accuracy, spectral range, and
temporal coverage. The solar XUV radiation is emitted
from the hot, highly variable corona on the Sun, and
these high-energy photons are a primary energy source for heating and ionizing
Earth’s upper atmosphere.
SORCE Mission and Science Operations
The SORCE satellite is orbiting the Earth every 90 minutes or 15 times daily.
Ground stations at Wallops Island, Virginia and Santiago, Chile are providing the
communication links to the satellite two times each day. The LASP Mission Operations Center (MOC) provides the computer hardware and software necessary to conduct real-time spacecraft operational activities, including command and control of
the satellite, mission planning, and assessment and maintenance of spacecraft and
instrument health. The science operations from the MOC include experiment planning, data processing and analysis, validation, and distribution of the finished data
product. By early March 2003, all instrument doors were open and science operations
had begun. The first validated science data were received approximately four months
after the launch.
Within 48 hours of data capture, all instrument science data and spacecraft engineering data are processed to derive Level 3 science data products in standard geophysical units (W/m2 or W/m2/nm). The Level 3 data consists of daily and 6-hour
average solar irradiances, with higher time resolution data available to meet secondary science objectives, such as studying the passage of bright faculae and dark sunspots across the visible surface of the Sun. All validated data are delivered to the
Goddard Space Flight Center Earth Sciences DAAC (Distributed Active Archive
Center) for distribution and long-term storage.
Science data processing is performed automatically within 24 hours of data reception and a preview release of science data is made available to the public within
48 hours, following preliminary data inspection. Appropriate corrections for some
time-dependent processes (such as instrument degradation correction) require inflight calibration data from several months into the future; therefore the daily production of science products beyond provisional quality will lag by a period of several
months. This results in two streams of data being created on a daily basis: the provisional stream of preview data that are available within 48 hours, and a secondary
stream of finished validated data that supercede the preview data a few months after
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the initial preview release. The preview SORCE data are sent to Goddard DAAC
within 48 hours of reception, and the finished validated data products are sent to the
Goddard DAAC approximately four months after initial data reception.
Personnel working in the LASP Mission Operations Center at the University of Colorado, Boulder.
Understanding the Sun
The SORCE research and data collection are very important for ongoing and
future EOS science. There is much that we will learn about the Earth’s radiation and
energy balance through continuous TSI measurements. However, global energy balance considerations likely do not provide the entire story, and how TSI variations are
distributed in wavelength will be critically important in understanding the Earth’s
response to solar variations. The Sun has both direct and indirect influences on the
terrestrial system, and SORCE’s comprehensive total and spectral solar measurements will provide the requisite understanding of this important climate system
variable.
For additional information on the SORCE Mission, visit the website at
http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/ for the latest news and updates.
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TIMED Solar EUV Experiment (SEE)
The Solar EUV Experiment (SEE), which was built at LASP, is one of the four scientific instruments on the NASA Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-EnergeticsDynamics (TIMED) spacecraft. The TIMED spacecraft was launched on a Delta-II on
December 7, 2001 from the Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB). After initial activation of the instruments, the TIMED mission began normal operations on January 22,
2002. Since then, the SEE instrument has made daily measurements of the solar vacuum ultraviolet (VUV: λ < 200 nm) irradiance. This highly variable, solar VUV radiation is one of the major energy sources for Earth's upper atmosphere and is fundamental for the TIMED mission's investigation of the energetics in the tenuous, but
highly variable, layers of the atmosphere above 60 km. Changes in the amount of
solar radiation, which range from 10% at the longer VUV wavelengths to factors as
much as 10 or more at the shorter wavelengths, result in corresponding changes in
the photochemistry, dynamics, and energy balance of the upper atmosphere. A detailed quantitative understanding of atmospheric radiative processes, including
changes in the solar VUV irradiance arising from flares, solar rotation (27 day), and
the 11-year solar cycle, is fundamental to the TIMED investigations. The primary science objectives for SEE are to accurately and precisely determine the solar VUV absolute irradiance and variability during the TIMED mission, to study the solarterrestrial relationships utilizing atmospheric models, and to improve models of the
solar VUV irradiance. The LASP scientists analyzing the TIMED SEE data are Tom
Woods (PI), Frank Eparvier, Gary Rottman, and Don Woodraska.
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EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) for SDO
The Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Variability Experiment (EVE) is one of three scientific instrument packages under development for the upcoming Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite mission. Scheduled for launch in 2007, SDO is the first mission in NASA’s Living With a Star program and will observe the Sun nearly continuously from geosynchronous orbit for a nominal mission life of five years. EVE was
proposed and accepted for SDO in 2002 with Tom Woods of LASP as Principal Investigator. The EVE science team consists of researchers from eight different institutions, with LASP as the lead. The EVE scientific objectives are to: 1) specify the solar
EUV irradiance and its variability on multiple time scales (from seconds to years), 2)
advance current understanding of how and why the solar EUV spectral irradiance
varies, 3) improve the capability to predict (both nowcast and forecast) the EUV
spectral irradiance variability, and 4) understand the response of the geospace environment to variations in the solar EUV spectral irradiance and the impact on human
endeavors. The EVE instrumentation consists of four subsystems: the Multiple EUV
Grating Spectrograph (MEGS) and the Integrated Electronics Module (IEM) which
will be designed and built at LASP, and the EUV SpectroPhotometer (ESP) and Optics-Free Spectrometer (OFS) which will be designed and built by USC. The EVE design goals are to measure the solar spectral irradiance from 0.1-105 nm, with a resolution of 0.1 nm for wavelengths longer than 4 nm, a time cadence of one measurement every 10 seconds, and better than 7% accuracy and 4% long-term stability.
Measurements of Halogen Oxides in the Troposphere
Ozone depletion events occur not only in the stratosphere (the Antarctic ozone
hole), but also near the Earth's surface, particularly at high latitudes in springtime.
Although the mechanism for these boundary layer ozone losses is not completely
understood, it is believed that they are caused by gas-phase bromine compounds,
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which may originate from sea-salt. Linnea Avallone participated in the Alert 2000
Polar Sunrise Experiment in Alert, Nunavut, Canada during April-May 2000 to study
the causes of the sudden ozone loss phenomenon. The radical species chlorine oxide
and bromine oxide (ClO, BrO) were measured using vacuum ultraviolet resonance
fluorescence techniques that have been employed previously for stratospheric observations of the same molecules. The results from this study indicate that snowcovered surfaces near the Arctic Ocean are indeed sources of atmospheric bromine.
Boundary layer ozone losses are also known to occur along the Antarctic coast, but
they appear to be less frequent than those in the Arctic. Members of Avallone's research group traveled to McMurdo Antarctica in August-October 2002 to study halogen chemistry in a remote, unpolluted location.
Figure: Optical components of the tropospheric halogen oxide instrument being tested on the
lab bench in McMurdo Antarctica.
There is mounting evidence that halogens have an effect on the abundances of
ozone and hydrocarbons in regions of the atmosphere other than the high-latitude
boundary layer. To investigate this possibility, Linnea Avallone's research group is
planning a series of measurements in regions likely to be affected by halogen chemistry. For example, the Great Salt Lake, as well as several chemical plants on its
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shores, are thought to be large sources of atmospheric chlorine. Observations of
bursts of tiny particles along the coast of Ireland have led to the speculation that iodine compounds, created by oceanic plants, may promote nucleation of particles. The
group will participate in on-going field studies at Mace Head, Ireland to elucidate the
role of iodine oxide (IO) in particle formation.
CRYSTAL-FACE
Linnea Avallone's research group participated in CRYSTAL-FACE, making
measurements of particulate water on the NASA WB-57F aircraft. A closed-path tunable diode laser hygrometer will be coupled to a heated, anisokinetic inlet to measure
the amount of water condensed in particles with diameters larger than about 1 micron. Although smaller particles are also sampled, the instrument's sensitivity to
them is low. These measurements will be used, along with observations of water vapor made by a similar instrument operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, to understand the fraction of water present in the condensed phase in a variety of cirrus
cloud types. Accurate knowledge of ice water content (IWC) and ice water path
(IWP) are important for retrieving cloud parameters from space-borne instruments
and for modeling the radiative properties of clouds. The in situ observations made by
Avallone's group will help to constrain and validate IWC and IWP.
Figure: Typical convective and cirrus anvil clouds sampled during
CRYSTAL-FACE. This picture was taken from the cockpit of the WB-57 aircraft by backseater Shelley Hilden.
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Sun-Earth Connections Program
The Sun-Earth Connections program is comprised of several spacecraft measuring the hot, high-speed plasmas flowing past the Earth from the expanding solar corona. There is a large constellation of spacecraft within the Earth’s magnetosphere
examining many aspects of the plasmas that change as the sun disturbs the geospace
environment. There is also an international web of ground stations that is recording
the magnetospheric and ionospheric signatures of the interaction of the variable sun
with the terrestrial environment. This program has greatly expanded our knowledge
of Sun-Earth relationships and continues to reveal the nature of the sun, the interplanetary medium, and the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. Daniel N. Baker,
William Peterson, Xinlin Li, and Scot Elkington are actively working on data and
modeling in the program.
Figure: The connected Sun-Earth system continues to be studied by the ISTP program.
Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE)
SNOE ("snowy") is a small scientific satellite that is measuring the effects of energy from the sun and from the magnetosphere on the density of nitric oxide in the
Earth's upper atmosphere. The spacecraft and its instruments were designed and
built at LASP, the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics of the University of
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Colorado. SNOE was launched on February 27, 1998, and has entered its sixth year of
successful operations. It is being operated from the mission operations center at the
LASP Space Technology Research building. The SNOE Data Website
http://lasp.colorado.edu/snoe/ contains a description of the SNOE mission, spacecraft drawings and images, and provides access to the scientific data and publications. Flight engineering data are updated daily. An archive of launch activities and
development personnel has been retained.
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MESSENGER (MErcury: Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging): A Mercury Orbiter Mission
The Mariner-10 flybys of the
planet Mercury in 1974 and 1975
found a strong magnetic field and an
active magnetosphere similar in
many ways to that of Earth. Given
the small size of the planet,
Mercury’s interior was expected to
have cooled and solidified long ago.
The presence of an intrinsic
magnetic field, however, implied an
internal dynamo in a fluid core,
posing numerous, unresolved
questions concerning the origin,
composition, and thermal history of
Mercury. The Mariner-10 spacecraft
also detected intense particle bursts
and magnetic field disturbances,
indicating that magnetospheric
substorms occur at Mercury.
The MESSENGER mission is
under development in the NASA
Discovery program. This mission to
Mercury will provide unique
measurements that are not possible
at other planets due to the conFigure: The MASCS detector package that is being
straints of orbital mechanics and the
prepared for MESSENGER by LASP researchers.
large dimensions of other magnetospheres relative to their
planetary bodies. The MESSENGER mission will provide the essential data necessary
to formulate the next generation of theories and models for terrestrial-type planetary
structure and dynamics. The mission will also return critical measurements necessary for the understanding of not just the surface history and internal structure of
Mercury but the formation and chemical differentiation of the Solar System as a
whole.
MESSENGER is a large collaboration of 11 different institutions. It is led by Sean
Solomon from the Carnegie Institution in Washington, DC and managed by the Applied Physics Laboratory at the Johns Hopkins University. It will study the planet’s
surface morphology and composition, interior structure and magnetic field, and atmospheric and magnetospheric composition. Included in this suite is the Mercury
Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS), which will be de15
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signed, built, and operated by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics.
William McClintock and Daniel Baker are both Co-Investigators on the MESSENGER
science team.
The Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer
(SAMPEX) Mission
SAMPEX carries a payload of four scientific instruments which study solar particles, anomalous cosmic rays, and magnetospheric electrons and ions. It has been operating in low-Earth orbit since July 1992. The SAMPEX instruments have sensitivities >100 times greater than previous spacecraft, and these have led to new discoveries such as a new radiation belt of interstellar material and rare hydrogen and helium
isotopes trapped in the radiation belts. SAMPEX provides unique global maps of
magnetosphere energetic particles, and has given new insights into the processes by
which radiation levels through the entire magnetosphere can become greatly enhanced.
Figure: Compared to the period around 1994 shortly after SAMPEX was launched, we now have a
vastly improved set of observational platforms with which to study the chain of processes from the
Sun to the Earth’s atmosphere.
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The figure above shows how the SAMPEX mission fits into the broad sweep of
other active space physics missions. It is likely that SAMPEX can continue to operate
for several more years until it re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere.
LASP scientists Daniel N. Baker, Xinlin Li, and Josh Rigler are working on magnetospheric data from SAMPEX. New results have been obtained by comparing relatively low-energy (E>25keV) electrons measured by SAMPEX with SNOE measurements of nitric oxide in Earth's upper and middle atmosphere. This collaborative
work is being carried out with Charles Barth.
LASP OCCULTATION RESEARCH
Introduction
LASP has a mature research program involving earth atmosphere solar and stellar occultation measurement techniques. Occultation measurements are made by observing a light source, the sun or a star in our case, as it is occulted by a planetary
atmosphere. The spectrum (wavelength-dependent intensity) of light transmitted
through the atmosphere is compared to the spectrum measured “above” the atmosphere. The underlying concept is that atmospheric gases and aerosols either absorb
or scatter radiation from the source, so that the occulted signal is less intense than the
unocculted signal. Since the scattering or absorption spectrum depends uniquely on
the type and amount of gas or aerosol in the atmosphere, occultation measurements
are a standard approach for identifying atmospheric compositions. LASP scientists
use occultation data to investigate processes in the earth’s atmosphere, including
stratospheric ozone depletion, coupling between the middle and upper atmosphere,
and global change.
Trend-quality profiles
Solar occultation measurements are generally of high accuracy and high (1-km)
vertical resolution, and are often considered to be standards in the field of atmospheric research. Importantly, by virtue of the comparative nature of the technique,
occultation measurements are “self-calibrating”, and thus relatively immune to artifacts caused by slow instrumental degradation. For many scientific issues that require long-term atmospheric data sets, such as global change investigations, occultation techniques are therefore the measurement of choice.
Limited geographic coverage
The geographic location (latitude/longitude) targeted by a solar occultation instrument is uniquely defined by the spacecraft orbit and position of the sun. To a
good approximation, each day a given solar occultation instrument makes measurements at equally spaced longitudes around a circle of latitude in each hemisphere.
The latitude changes daily, either slowly or rapidly, depending on the spacecraft orbit. Depending on the orbit, certain instruments are used for studies of the polar regions, whereas others may be more applicable to lower latitudes. Global coverage is
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obtained by combining measurements from a suite of different instruments aboard
spacecraft in different orbits.
LASP involvement
LASP involvement in earth atmosphere occultation measurements is led by LASP
research scientists Cora Randall and David Rusch, and takes two forms: participation in numerous national and international solar occultation instrument programs,
and stellar occultation instrument development. Some of the work in these two areas
is highlighted here.
Solar Occultation Instrument Teams
POAM II/III [http://wvms.nrl.navy.mil/POAM/]
The Naval Research Laboratory’s Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement
(POAM) II & III instruments are solar occultation instruments designed to investigate
ozone and related atmospheric constituents in the polar stratosphere. POAM II was
launched in September, 1993 and operated until its host satellite experienced a failure
in November of 1996; POAM III was launched in March, 1998 and is still operational.
Together, the POAM instruments provide a nearly continuous, and ongoing, 9-year
record of polar ozone profiles extending from about the tropopause to the stratopause. Led by Dr. Richard Bevilacqua at NRL, LASP scientists have participated in
all aspects of the program since before the launch of POAM II, and are using the data
to investigate polar processes relevant to atmospheric ozone distributions.
SAGE II/III [http://www-sage3.larc.nasa.gov/]
NASA’s Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II & III instruments
are solar occultation instruments similar in concept to POAM, but with complementary geographic coverage. SAGE II, led by Dr. M. Patrick McCormick from NASA
Langley Research Center, was launched in 1984 and is still operational, thus providing nearly two decades of data, the longest continuous record of ozone profile measurements available. Unlike the POAM instruments, which continually observe the
polar regions, approximately every month the SAGE II measurement latitudes sweep
through a wide range, covering about ±60° to ±80°, depending on season. SAGE III
was launched in December, 2001, with latitude coverage that is complementary to
both POAM II & III and SAGE II. Its measurement latitudes remain in the high latitude northern hemisphere year-round, but remain at mid-latitudes in the southern
hemisphere. LASP scientists are analyzing data from both SAGE II and SAGE III to
investigate stratospheric ozone trends and polar ozone loss processes.
HALOE [http://www-sage3.larc.nasa.gov/]
The HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), led by Dr. James Russell of
Hampton University, was launched on NASA’s Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite in 1991, and is still operational. Latitude coverage is similar to that of SAGE II, in
that the measurement locations sweep through a wide range of latitudes in about a
month’s time. The measurement latitudes are displaced from those of SAGE, how18
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ever, so that the coverage is once again complementary, not redundant. The HALOE
instrument measures more atmospheric constituents than either the SAGE or POAM
instruments. As described below, LASP scientists use these measurements to investigate, among other things, coupling between the earth’s mesosphere and stratosphere.
ACE [http://www.ace.uwaterloo.ca/]
and ILAS II [http://www-ilas2.nies.go.jp/en/index.html]
The Japanese Improved Limb Atmospheric Sounder (ILAS) II and the Canadian
Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment are solar occultation instruments that measure a
large suite of atmospheric constituents. ILAS II was launched late in 2002 and data
production is just beginning. The measurement locations are nearly identical to those
of the POAM instruments, covering the high latitudes in both hemispheres yearround. ACE will be launched later in 2003. Like SAGE II or HALOE, it will cover
both high and low latitudes, but neither continually throughout the year. LASP scientists will be involved in data validation for these instruments, as well as scientific
analysis.
Solar Occultation Science Investigations
Measurement Validation
Before any measurements can be applied in scientific investigations, they must be
proven valid. Validation of solar occultation measurements is a complex effort based
largely on intercomparisons of data from different instruments. It requires fundamental knowledge of the various instruments and their retrieval algorithms, and of
the error sources inherent in each measurement. Validation work is thus not only a
prerequisite to scientific studies, it is also a valuable precursor to effective design and
development of new and improved instruments. Led by Cora Randall, LASP scientists have validated many of the measurements made by the POAM instruments,
have extensively analyzed validation results from the SAGE and HALOE instruments, and will be involved in the validation of ACE and ILAS-II data once available.
As an example, the figure shown above summarizes the ozone intercomparisons
between POAM and the SAGE and HALOE data, as well as balloon-based, in-situ
ozonesonde profiles. Throughout most of the altitude range, the measurements are
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all within about ±5%, which represents the limit of “believability” in the data, and
the current state of the art in terms of solar occultation measurement accuracy. Although not entirely consistent among the different comparisons, the data suggest
that POAM ozone is biased high near 10 km, an issue that is currently being explored
in more detail. The three satellite instruments vary by about ±10% near 50-60 km, and
future studies are required to reveal which of the three is more correct.
Obtaining Global Coverage
As noted above, each of the different solar occultation instruments has limited
geographic coverage on any given day. However, using well-established techniques,
the effective spatial coverage can be extended for long-lived constituents such as
ozone by utilizing their tight correlation with potential vorticity (PV) or other globally-derived quasi-conservative tracers. LASP scientists use this “mapping” procedure to generate multi-year, global, 3-dimensional fields of ozone and other constituents in the stratosphere. These so-called “proxy” fields combine data from the different solar occultation instruments in an optimal way, maximizing the sparse spatial
information contained in the different data sets to extend the data to a global scale.
The proxy fields so generated are valuable for use in a variety of different applications, including initialization of 3D model calculations, validation of model results,
estimation of stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone flux and estimation of tropospheric
column ozone.
The figure shown above compares the National Center for Atmospheric Research
MOZART 3-dimensional chemistry transport model to the proxy ozone field on 6
January 2001, at an altitude of about 20 km in the lower stratosphere. The proxy field
contains data from the SAGE II, POAM III and HALOE instruments. On 6 January
2001, these instruments were measuring at latitudes near the equator (SAGE), 60°S
and 60°N (POAM), and 45°N and 60°S (HALOE). The tracer correlation mapping allows us to produce the global ozone field pictured here in the left panel. Although
the model is not intended to reproduce any given year quantitatively, many of the
features observed by the satellite instruments are apparent in the model calculations
(right panel). For instance, ozone is high near the North polar region, decreases toward the equator, increases at mid Southern latitudes, then decreases again. The ring
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of high ozone around the north polar region is characteristic of the northern winter,
and results from yearly downward transport of ozone inside the polar vortex. Both
the model and the data show a region of low ozone near the South pole, a remnant of
the Antarctic ozone hole from the previous October.
Stratosphere-Mesosphere Coupling
Solar occultation data have played a significant role in advancing our understanding of the coupling between the middle and upper atmosphere. One of the main
coupling mechanisms is through descent of mesospheric NOx (nitrogen oxide and
nitrogen dioxide) to the stratosphere during the polar night. Energetic particles impact the earth’s upper atmosphere, dissociating N2 and O2, and eventually leading to
the production of NOx. Once it has descended to the middle stratosphere, NOx participates in the primary catalytic cycle causing ozone destruction. Because of high
solar activity, 2000 was an exceptional year in terms of particle impacts on the upper
atmosphere. We have used POAM III and HALOE data to show that NOx produced
after solar proton impacts in the mesosphere descended to the stratosphere in record
amounts during the 2000 Austral winter, causing significant loss of middle stratospheric ozone.
The left panel of the figure (above) shows the temporal variation in NO2 measured by POAM III inside the southern hemisphere polar vortex in 1998, 1999 and
2000, at an altitude of about 30 km. NO2 in 2000 reached levels that were higher by
more than a factor of two compared to the previous two years. Also plotted are
POAM II NO2 mixing ratios from 1994, which had the highest NO2 enhancements of
any year measured by POAM II or III prior to 2000. The ozone mixing ratios in 2000
and 1999 are plotted in the right panel of the figure, and show the dramatic decrease
that occurred in September of 2000 as the NO2 mixing ratios steeply increased.
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SOLVE Field Campaigns
During the northern hemisphere winters of 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 NASA held
two SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) field campaigns. As
the name implies, the campaigns were dual purpose, with the goals of validating the
SAGE III instrument and investigating ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere. Since the
SAGE III launch was delayed until late 2001, the first SOLVE campaign was devoted
to studies of ozone loss and POAM III validation; the second SOLVE campaign was
used to validate SAGE III and to continue validation of POAM III, as well as to investigate polar ozone loss. LASP scientists participated in the field during both campaigns.
One of the other main roles of the satellite-based solar occultation instruments in
the SOLVE campaigns was to provide a more global picture of the Arctic region than
is available from field campaign measurements. Using the proxy technique described
above, we generated semi-global ozone fields from the POAM measurements during
the first SOLVE campaign. These fields illustrate the evolution of stratospheric ozone
during the winter throughout the polar region, and have been used by theoreticians
to improve calculations of photochemistry along the aircraft flight paths, and to ini22
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tialize global models. The first figure (shown above) depicts the evolution of 20-km
ozone over the course of the 1999-2000 winter. The areas of blue in the February and
March plots signify chemical ozone loss, similar to that which occurs in the Antarctic
ozone hole every September and October.
The 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 winters were both fairly cold winters with enough
production of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) that significant ozone depletion was
observed (PSCs are a necessary prerequisite to chemical ozone loss). There were,
however, significant differences between the winters. In 1999-2000, for instance, the
vortex during the early winter period remained mostly symmetric and centered over
the North pole, so that only the vortex edges were exposed to significant sunlight in
January. In 2002-2003, however, the vortex was pulled down to mid-latitudes in
January, where much of the cold air was exposed to sunlight. Since chemical ozone
depletion only occurs in PSC-processed air after exposure to sunlight, more ozone
loss was observed early in the winter of 2002-2003 than in 1999-2000. LASP graduate
student Cynthia Shaw has been evaluating the differences between ozone loss occurring in the two SOLVE winters using solar occultation data in conjunction with
3-dimensional
model calculations.
TheNH
figure
here
(left panel)
contour
plot
Figure 2. Chemical
O3 loss in the
vortex
inferred
fromdepicts
POAMaIII
and the
ofSLIMCAT
the ozone CTM
loss that
occurred
in
the
early
winter
of
2002-2003
inside
the
polar
vor(my work) in 2002/2003 (left) and a comparison of the loss in
tex at the POAM III measurement locations. The right panel compares ozone loss
1999/2000 and 2002/2003 at 500 K (right).
near 20 km in the 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 winters. By 1 February, approximately 0.5
ppmv more loss had occurred in 2003 than in 2000, primarily because the vortex air
had been exposed to more sunlight in early January.
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Antarctic Ozone Hole of 2002
For the first time on record, a major stratospheric warming was observed in the
Antarctic during September of 2002. A major warming is a wintertime dynamical
phenomenon that indicates an unstable stratospheric polar vortex and results in
rapid and substantial transport of air between the low and high latitudes. Usually,
the Antarctic vortex is strong and stable, and effectively isolates cold stratospheric air
in a large circular region around the South Pole, leading to the annual ozone hole in
late September and October. In 2002, however, the dynamical situation was highly
perturbed, and in late September the vortex split into two separate lobes. Press reports of the annual ozone hole showed that in 2002 the ozone hole was much less severe than normal at the end of September after the major warming. The ozone hole
itself is defined by the ozone column – an ozone hole is said to be present if the column ozone, or the amount of ozone in a column of air stretching from the surface to
space, is less than a predefined limiting value. LASP scientists have used solar occultation data to help explain why the unique dynamical situation in 2002 resulted in
such substantial changes to the ozone hole.
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As an example, the figure here compares maps of 30-km ozone over the southern
polar region from 2001 and 2002 on 29 September, a time when the ozone hole is near
its peak. No satellite instrument is currently capable of measuring ozone profiles
over this entire region. Nevertheless, using the proxy method described above, scientists have been able to “reconstruct” the ozone maps seen here from POAM,
HALOE and SAGE data. The 2001 map on the left shows the nominal situation that
has been observed repeatedly for the past two decades of satellite observations. Inside the polar vortex, the boundary of which is roughly defined by the green contours, ozone is relatively low, with much higher ozone outside the vortex. The relatively low polar ozone is a well understood result of isolating air in the dark polar
region, and at this altitude is not an indication of chemical ozone depletion. The
situation in 2002 was quite different, as illustrated in the right panel. Here, instead of
constituting a fairly symmetric circular region centered near the pole, the low ozone
is sequestered in two small lobes separated by regions of relatively higher ozone.
Maps at other altitudes above the traditional ozone hole region (which lies below
about 23 km) are similar. The presence of ozone-rich air near the South Pole where
normally only ozone-poor air exists, even in areas where it lies above ozone-depleted
air, leads to abnormally high column ozone values. In 2002 the ozone hole was substantially diminished compared to normal, but as shown by these solar occultation
data and by other meteorological data, the cause was primarily dynamics, with only
a small contribution from changes in the ozone hole chemistry itself.
Stellar Occultation Instrument Development
Stellar occultation measurements have the same advantages of the solar occultation measurements in terms of high vertical resolution, high accuracy, and trendquality. In addition, stellar occultation techniques have the advantages of global coverage and nighttime measurement capability. For these reasons, LASP scientists believe that stellar occultation measurements represent the future of satellite remote
sensing of the earth’s middle atmosphere. Satellite-based stellar occultation measurements are in their infancy compared to the solar occultation instruments. The
UARS/SOLSTICE instrument led by LASP scientist Gary Rottman has obtained a
number of stellar occultation profiles while monitoring stars as calibration sources
for its solar measurements. Since SOLSTICE was not designed with the intent to
make atmospheric measurements, however, the data are not optimal. The LASP
SORCE program also contains a SOLSTICE instrument, which has characteristics
more amenable to stellar occultation measurements. LASP scientists will be examining these data once routine processing is in place. Similar to the situation with
SOLSTICE, an instrument onboard the U.S. department of defense MSX satellite has
obtained stellar occultation data, but it was originally designed for purposes of missile detection, not atmospheric applications. Most recently, the European GOMOS
instrument was launched onboard the ENVISAT satellite. In collaboration with team
members, LASP scientists are participating in the validation efforts for both the MSX
and GOMOS instruments.
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LASP scientists proposed to build a stellar occultation instrument to measure
thermospheric and mesospheric nitric oxide a number of years ago. The mission concept was to investigate the impact of energetic particles impinging on the earth’s upper atmosphere. Such particles create nitric oxide in the upper atmosphere, which
can then descend to the stratosphere and destroy ozone. Although unsuccessful, the
vision of understanding coupling between the upper and lower atmosphere, and of
determining its role in global atmospheric change, remains at the forefront of LASP
atmospheric research. Stellar occultation measurements are well suited to these
studies. Under the leadership of LASP scientist David Rusch, LASP is now designing
a stellar occultation detection system applicable to measurements of multiple atmospheric constituents throughout the middle atmosphere.
The goal of this program, sponsored by NASA’s Sun Earth Connections, is to
study the applicability of monolithic Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS) at ultraviolet wavelengths to stellar occultation. SHS is an interferometric Fourier transform technique. The result of the two-year study will be a full-up instrument concept
with sufficient maturity so that it can be proposed for flight in the early 2004 time
frame. The proposed instrument will provide reliable profiles of important atmospheric constituents in the Earth’s middle atmosphere. The small size and weight also
allow this instrument to be targeted for planetary missions.
One example of the need for, and the power of, the technique, is shown in the
following example. The figure here demonstrates the need to make measurements of
constituent profiles in the polar night on Earth. The top panel shows NOx (NO +
NO2) data from the HALOE instrument on UARS. The bottom panel is a model calculation. The shape of the contours at northern latitudes indicates vertically downward transport of NOx from the high mesosphere to the low mesosphere and upper
stratosphere. The model indicates that this flow may be far more important at latitudes northward of the limit of the HALOE data. Currently there are no measurements of NO or NO2 during the polar night.
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A stellar occultation instrument would provide data at all latitudes throughout
the year and help solve this intriguing question of the amount of NOx reaching the
stratosphere from the mesosphere during the winter.
This is just one example of the power of this method. The instrument we will develop will provide the opportunity for observations on any Solar System body with
an atmosphere. The concept of stellar occultation is easily adapted to any planet or
satellite. Stellar magnitudes are essentially independent of Solar System position. We
emphasize Earth measurements in this study due to the immediate need to provide
new information on the impact of the Sun on life and society. Measurements of the
atmospheres of other Solar System bodies will provide for fundamental comparisons
based upon a measurement technique that is essentially independent of the constituents in the body’s atmosphere.
LASP scientists involved are Dave Rusch (PI), Bill McClintock, and Cora Randall.
Other team members are Scott Bailey (University of AL), David Siskind (NRL), John
Harlandar (St. Cloud University), and Christoph Englert (NRL).
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2002 Activity Report
High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS)
The High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder, HIRDLS, is a joint project between
the University of Colorado and Oxford University. Launch is planned on the Earth
Observing System AURA satellite in 2004. LASP scientists Linnea Avallone, Cora
Randall, Dave Rusch and Brian Toon are HIRDLS science team members. HIRDLS is
an infrared limb-scanning radiometer designed to sound the upper troposphere,
stratosphere, and mesosphere to determine: temperature; the concentrations of O3,
H2O, CH4, N2O, NO2, HNO3, N2O5, CFC11, CFC12, ClONO2, and aerosols; and the locations of polar stratospheric clouds and cloudtops. The goals are to provide sounding observations with horizontal and vertical resolution superior to that previously
obtained; to observe the lower stratosphere with improved sensitivity and accuracy;
and to improve understanding of atmospheric processes through data analysis, diagnostics, and use of two- and three-dimensional models.
HIRDLS performs limb scans in the vertical at multiple azimuth angles, measuring infrared emissions in 21 channels ranging from 6.12 to17.76 microns. Four channels measure the emission by CO2. Taking advantage of the known mixing ratio of
CO2, the transmittance is calculated, and the equation of radiative transfer is inverted
to determine the vertical distribution of the Planck black body function, from which
the temperature is derived as a function of pressure. Once the temperature profile
has been established, it is used to determine the Planck function profile for the trace
gas channels. The measured radiance and the Planck function profile are then used to
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determine the transmittance of each trace species and its mixing ratio distribution.
Winds and potential vorticity are determined from spatial variations of the height
of geopotential surfaces. These are determined at upper levels by integrating the
temperature profiles vertically from a known reference base. HIRDLS will improve
knowledge in data-sparse regions by measuring the height variations of the reference
surface with the aid of a gyro package. This level (near the base of the stratosphere)
can also be integrated downward using nadir temperature soundings to improve
tropospheric analyses.
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM)
AIM has been selected by NASA for flight. LASP will soon begin Phase B activities. LASP will build two instruments, the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS)
and the Cosmic Dust Experiment (CDE). The Instrument Pallet Assembly will also
be built at LASP. LASP will manage the AIM mission and will control the satellite
after launch.
The overall goal of the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) experiment is to
resolve why polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) form and why they vary. By measuring PMCs and the thermal, chemical and dynamical environment in which they
form, we will quantify the connection between these clouds and the meteorology of
the polar mesosphere. In the end, this will provide the basis for study of long-term
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variability in the mesospheric climate and its relationship to global change. The results of AIM will be a rigorous validation of predictive models that can reliably use
past PMC changes and present trends as indicators of global change. This goal will
be achieved by measuring PMC abundances, spatial distribution, particle size distributions, gravity wave activity, dust influx to the atmosphere and precise, vertical
profile measurements of temperature H2O, OH, CH4, O3, CO2, NO, and aerosols.
These data can only be obtained by a complement of instruments on an Orbiting
spacecraft (S/C).
Over the last 30 years ground based observations from NW Europe of the number
of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) show dramatic increases. These clouds, known more
recently to satellite observers as Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs), are believed to
respond dramatically to even small changes in their environment. Since cooling of
the upper atmosphere (PMCs occur near 85 km) is expected to accompany the possible warming of the lower atmosphere due to an increased greenhouse effect, an increase in mesospheric cloudiness could be one consequence of mesospheric climate
change.
30
PERSONNEL
Daniel N. Baker, Director
LASP Faculty
Laila Anderssen
Linnea M. Avallone
Frances Bagenal
Charles A. Barth
David Brain
Joshua E. Colwell
Peter Delamere
Scot Elkington
Erica Ellingson
William Emery
Francis G. Eparvier
Robert Ergun
Stefan Eriksson
Larry W. Esposito
Robert E. Grimm
Jerald W. Harder
Noel Hinners
Mihály Horányi
Bruce M. Jakosky
Greg Kopp
George M. Lawrence
Steven W. Lee
Xinlin Li
William E. McClintock
Tom McCollom
Michael Mellon
Michael Mills
Steve Mojzsis
Keiji Ohtsuki
Robert T. Pappalardo
Alexander Pavlov
William Peterson
Cora E. Randall
Gary J. Rottman
David W. Rusch
Nicholas M. Schneider
Chao Shen
Jamison Smith
Byron Smiley
Martin Snow
A. Ian F. Stewart
Glen R. Stewart
Yi-Jin Su
Gary E. Thomas
Henry B. Throop
O. Brian Toon
Thomas N. Woods
Visiting Scholars
Dr. Scott Bailey, University of Alaska at Fairbanks
Dr. Judith Lean, Naval Research Laboratory
Dr. W. Kent Tobiska, Space Environment Technologies
Dr. Jan Sojka, Utah State University
Dr. Greg Berthiaume, MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Dr. Darrell Judge, University of Southern California
Mr. Don McMullin, University of Southern California
Dr. Barbara Thompson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Robert Cahalan, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Dr. Dominique Crommelynck, Royal Meteorological Institute, Belgium
Dr. Claus Fröhlich, World Radiation Center, Switzerland
Dr. Peter Pilewskie, NASA Ames Research Center
Dr. Roger Phillips, Washington University
31
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Research/Technical/Administrative
Ann Alfaro
Gregg Allison
Kathryn F. Anderson
Michael D. Anfinson
Judy Antman
Richard Arnold
Dennis L. Baker
Susan Batiste
Helmut P. Bay
Robert P. Biro
Brian D. Boyle
John Boynton
James Brault
Nancy Brooks
Jeff Brown
Patrick Brown
Ione Caley
Michael T. Callan
Zachary G. Castleman
Steve Chappell
Zhangzhao Chen
Flemming Christensen
Lillian Connelly
David Crotser
John A. Daspit
Randal L. Davis
Kip W. Denhalter
John Donnelly
Sharon Dooley
Michael Dorey
Virginia Drake
Peter Elespuru
Steve Ericksen
Phillip L. Evans
Jack Faber
Stacy Varnes Farrar
Tawnya Ferbiak
Kurt Filsinger
John Fontenla
David Gathright
32
Vanessa George
Judith (Dede) Gleason
Ken Greist
Bonnie Kae Grover
Roger Gunderson
Christine Hathaway
Karl Heuerman
Meredith Higbie
Caroline Himes
Rose A. Hoag
Timothy Holden
Bonnie W. Hotard
Andrew Hunt
James Johnson
Alain J. Jouchoux
David E. Judd
Ryan Keenan
Michelle Kelley
Marjorie K. Klemp
Barry Knapp
Richard Kohnert
Kraig Koski
Bret Lamprecht
Stephen C. Lane
Mark R. Lankton
Sally Lasater
Kathy Lozier
Debra McCabe
Sherry McGlochlin
Michael McGrath
James Mack
Melanie McKinney
Karen M. MacMeekin
Ken Mankoff
Jack Marshall
Willie Mein
Russell Meinzer
Nathaniel Miller
Steve P. Monk
Aref Nammari
Support
Staff
Toan Nguyen
Sara Ohrtman
Chris Pankratz
Nicole Ramos
Thomas Reese
Randy Reukauf
Pat Ringrose
Timothy Ruske
Marissa Rusinek
Cynthia Russell
Sean Ryan
Tim Schofield
Patti Sicken
Karen Simmons
Byron Smiley
Thomas Sparn
Stephen Steg
Gail Tate
Janet Tracy
Matt Triplett
Jennifer Turner-Valle
Gregory Ucker
Douglas Vincent
Jeffrey Weber
Paul Weidmann
James Westfall
Neil White
Dave Wilson
Ann Windnagel
Heather Reed Withnell
Peter Withnell
Donald Woodraska
Mia Woody
Jason Young
Lisa Young
Steve Zdawczynski
Torsten Zorn
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Recent Graduates
David A. Brain, Ph.D., Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department
August 2002
The Influence of Crustal magnetic Sources on the Topology of the Martian Magnetic Environment
Thesis Advisor: Frances Bagenal
Peter R. Colarco, Ph.D., Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department
August 2002
Modeling Saharan Dust Emissions, Transport, Deposition and Optical Properties
Thesis Advisor: O. Brian Toon
Amanda A. Sickafoose, Ph.D., Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department
Experimental Dust Charging and Dynamics with Applications for Planetary Environments
Thesis Advisor: Joshua E. Colwell
Olga V. Kalashnikova, Ph.D., Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department
August 2002
Modeling Optical Properties of Non-spherical Soil-Derived Dust Particles for RemoteSensing Applications
Thesis Advisor: Irina Sokolik
Aimee Merkel, Ph.D., Aerospace Engineering Sciences
December 2002
Dynamical Influences of Polar Mesospheric Clouds Observed from the Student Nitric
Oxide Explorer Spacecraft
Thesis Advisor: Gary Thomas
Byron D. Smiley, Ph.D., Physics
August 2002
Measurement of Charged Mesospheric Particles with a Magnetically Shielded Rocket
Probe
Thesis Advisor: Scott Robinson
33
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Graduate Students
Janice Armellini
Austin Barker
Amy Barr
Erika Barth
Todd Bradley
Sarah Brooks
Shawn Brooks
Chelsey Bryant
Michael Buck
Matthew Burger
Ed Burin Des Roziers
Jeff Cadieux
Phillip Chamberlin
Steve Chappell
Peter Colarco
Zane Crawford
Sean Davis
Matthew Dean
Anselm Fernandez
Brandi Gamblin
Jennifer Gannon
Amelia Gates
Yu-Ning Ge
Anna G. Hallar
Keith Harrison
Jennifer Heldmann
Gene Holland
Gregory Holsclaw
Vaughn Hoxie
Stephen Johnstone
Grailing Jones
Olga V. Kalashnikova
Chris Kelso
Angela Kibler
Byoungsoo Kim
Kari Klein
Jay Kominek
Corinne Krauss
Nancy Kungsakawin
Lin Li
Matthew Paul Lippis
Tim Lloyd
Kevin McGouldrick
Lansing Madry
Eric Mahr
David Main
Aimee Merkel
Colin Mitchell
Elinor Newman
Domic Papineau
Shannon Pelkey
Than Putzig
Shubha Ramani
L. Jeremy Richardson
Josh Rigler
James Roberts
Eric Schleicher
Teresa Segura
Cynthia Shaw
Sara Sheffler
Ritchard Shidemantle
Amanda Sickafoose
Andrew Steffl
Matt Trebella
John Weiss
Undergradua te Students
Alicia Allen
Brett Anderson
Art Arsenault
Jeremy Carnahan
Flemming Christensen
Josh Christofferson
Brian Clarke
Adam Cox
Lindsay De Remer
Nathan Doyle
Jason Durrie
Loren Eason
Allison Ebbets
Pete Elespuru
Brian Evans
34
Paul Feather
Ted Fisher
Stephanie Fonda
Jason Fraze
William French
Ryan Fuller
Elizabeth Grogan
Ben Hamilton
Aaron Hayden
Cory Henderson
Odelle Hofmann
Gene Holland
Josiah Jordan
Matthew Kanter
Ryan Keenan
Thomas Keohane
Jay Kominek
Emily Kramer
Ervin Krauss
Katherine Kretke
Nathan Kunz
David Lawry
Holly Lewis
Kurt Lorhammer
Sharon Lutz
Brian Madge
Kevin McBryde
Patrick Meagher
Jerel Moffatt
Robert Morris
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Jaeson Myers
John Neice
Lisa Nguyen
Trang Nguyen
Jonathan Nikkel
Marshal Olson
Kostas Pagratis
Jill Parisi
Brian Payne
Wes Patterson
Ann Pham
Michael Phan
William Pisano
Radu Popescu
Erica Raine
Nichole Ramos
Bryan Richter
Brian Roberts
Kristin Roebuck
Nicholas Roth
Joshua Rubin
Laura Shaner
Mike Simpson
Jarod Smilkstein
Patrick Smith
Jordan Spatz
Michael Stadler
Thomas Steen
Michelle Stempel
Dalenna Thanh
Katie Thompson
Karen Turk
Angela Williams
William Wood
Torsten Zorn
Faculty Research Interests
Linnea Avallone
Experimental and theoretical studies of tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry,
particularly of halogens and related species. Analyzing measurements of chemical
species to understand dynamical processes in the stratosphere and troposphere. Development of instrumentation for autonomous in situ measurements of trace species
related to understanding the lifetimes of anthropogenic pollutants.
avallone@miranda.colorado.edu (303) 492-5913
Frances Bagenal
Magnetic fields and plasma environments of solar system objects – mainly Jupiter
and the Sun, but more recently, other planets, comets and asteroids.
bagenal@colorado.edu (303) 492-2598
Daniel N. Baker
Research in space instrument design and calibration, space physics data analysis,
and magnetospheric modeling. Study of plasma physical and energetic particle phenomena in the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Mercury, along with the plasma sheet
and magnetopause boundary regions of the Earth's magnetosphere. Analysis of large
data sets from spacecraft; involvement in missions to Earth's deep magnetotail and
comets; the study of solar wind-magnetospheric energy coupling; theoretical modeling of magnetotail instabilities. Study of magnetosphere-atmosphere coupling; applying space plasma physics to study of astrophysical systems. Research to understand magnetospheric substorms and geomagnetic storms. Teaching of space physics
and public policy, as well as public outreach to space technology community and
general public.
daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-4509
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Charles A. Barth
Planetary ultraviolet spectroscopy; observation and theory of nitric oxide in the
Earth's upper atmosphere; research on planetary atmospheres.
charles.barth@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-7502
Joshua E. Colwell
Origin and evolution of planetary rings, observational and theoretical studies of
planetary rings, comets, and satellites including Earth’s moon. Impact processes on
asteroids, satellites, and ring particles. Dynamics of dust in ring-satellite systems.
Dusty plasma dynamics. Thermal models of airless bodies.
josh.colwell@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-6805
Erica Ellingson
The study of the evolution of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and quasars. Investigation
of dark matter in distant galaxy clusters, the evolution of the galaxies in these clusters, and the properties of the intra-cluster gas. Observations with ground-based telescopes and use of several orbiting space observatories, extensive computer analysis
and modeling.
erica.ellingson@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-6610
Francis G. Eparvier
Research interests include the aeronomy of the upper atmosphere, the effects of
solar irradiance and particle flux variability on the upper atmosphere, and the
sources of that solar variability. Approaches include rocket and satellite measurements of the solar outputs and of the atmosphere, and data analysis and theoretical
modeling. Currently Co-Investigator on the Thermosphere- Ionosphere-Mesosphere
Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite Solar EUV Experiment (SEE). Also CoInvestigator on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) EUV Variability Experiment
(EVE).
eparvier@colorado.edu, (303) 492-4546, http://stripe.colorado.edu/~eparvier
Larry W. Esposito
Observational and theoretical studies of planetary atmospheres and rings; chemistry and dynamics of the Venus clouds; waves in Saturn's rings; numerical methods
for radiation transfer.
espo@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-7325
Robert E. Grimm
Geophysical investigation of planetary interiors. Groundwater on Mars, including
its roles in surficial and subsurface processes and present distribution. Tectonics of
Mars and Venus. Electromagnetic methods to detect groundwater on Mars, subsurface contaminants, and unexploded ordnance.
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Bob.grimm@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 278-8700
Jerald Harder
Measurement and interpretation of solar spectral irradiance; Development of
space-borne prism spectrometers.
jerry.harder@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-1891
Mihaly Horanyi
Dusty space and laboratory plasmas. Electrodynamic processes and their role in
the origin and evolution of the solar system. Comets, planetary rings, plasma surface
interactions at moons and asteroids. Aerosol charging, in situ and remote observations of dust.
mihaly.horanyi@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-6903
Bruce M. Jakosky
Teaching and research activities focus on understanding the nature of planetary
surfaces and atmospheres and the possibility for the existence of life in the universe.
Specific activities include teaching undergraduate and graduate courses, training
graduate students, research and grant activity pertaining to planetary science and
exobiology, leading the campus effort in astrobiology, and outreach to the public.
jakosky@argyre.colorado.edu (303) 492-8004
Greg Kopp
Development and characterization of the SORCE Total Irradiance Monitor for
solar irradiance measurements. Solar physics. Exo-solar planet finding (Kepler) and
characterization (TPF). Electro-optical instrumentation and electrical substitution radiometry.
Greg.Kopp@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 735-0934
George M. Lawrence
Physical chemistry, laboratory spectroscopy, experiment design and analysis,
signal conditioning, vacuum technology, IR detectors, UV detectors, imaging detectors, microchannel plates.
george.lawrence@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-5389
Steven W. Lee
Development of computer techniques for analysis and correlative study of multiple remote-sensing data sets; Digital image processing techniques; Physics of atmosphere/surface interactions; Mechanisms and rates of eolian sediment transport; Effects of topography on regional atmospheric circulation; Educational outreach: incorporating planetary science into K-12 curricula.
steve.lee@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-5348
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Xinlin Li
Space physics, data analysis and modeling. Especially interested in understanding the dynamics of relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere: the source, loss, and
transportation of these MeV electrons; also interested in charged particle injections
into inner magnetosphere during magnetic storms and substorms, and magnetosphere-atmosphere coupling due to energetic particle precipitations.
lix@kotron.colorado.edu (303) 492-3514
William E. McClintock
Observational Astrophysics - Ultraviolet observations of the outer atmospheres of
cool stars and the very local (d<20pc) interstellar medium. Ultraviolet Observations
of Planetary Atmospheres. Development of state-of-the-art instrumentation for high
resolution spectroscopy for the 900-2500/ wavelength range.
bill.mcclintock@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-8407
Thomas McCollom
Experimental studies of abiotic synthesis of organic compounds and the stability
of organic compounds under hydrothermal conditions. Microbial interactions with
minerals and fluids in chemolithoautotrophic habitats. Mars and Europa as potential
habitats for life.
mccollom@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 735-3072
Michael Mellon
The history of water on Mars, the martian permafrost, surface-atmosphere interactions and the martian climate. Periglacial geology and geophysics on Earth and
Mars. Searching for subsurface water on Mars. Antarctic analogs to martian geomorphology. Laboratory research in transport processes in frozen soils, including gas diffusion, solute migration, electromagnetic propagation and the effects of water vapor,
ice, and adsorbate on transport physics. Remote sensing and thermophysical properties of planetary regoliths, with specific emphasis on martian surface material.
Planetary surface temperature behavior and geothermal heat flow.
mellon@argyre.colorado.edu (303) 492-1711
Michael Mills
Research has focused on stratospheric sulfate aerosol. The current research tool is
a 2D microphysical model of the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. A primary goal has been to assess the sources of the nonvolcanic stratospheric sulfate
layer, and understand anthropogenic contributions. Because of the role of aerosol in
stratospheric chemistry and radiative balance, this knowledge of its sources is critical
to understanding global change. Recent efforts have attempted to understand discrepancies between observed and calculated aerosol mass at the top of the layer.
Other work has examined the causes of observed particle nucleation in polar winter,
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
the implications for aerosol of recently measured photolysis rates for H2SO4 and SO3,
and volcanic aerosol as a potential source for polar mesospheric clouds.
mills@colorado.edu (303) 492-7767
Keiji Ohtsuki
Theoretical studies of planet formation; origin and dynamical evolution of ringsatellite systems.
ohtsuki@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-0260
Cora E. Randall
Primary interests include atmospheric chemistry and dynamics, with particular
emphasis on the polar regions. Work is experimental in nature, relying on measurements of trace gas species and aerosols from remote sensing satellites. Areas of expertise include stratosphere/mesosphere coupling, polar stratospheric ozone loss,
and validation and visualization of solar occultation data. Other interests include
polar mesospheric clouds, stellar occultation techniques, and applications of polarized light.
cora.randall@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-8208
Gary J. Rottman
Accurately measure the solar spectral irradiance (Principal Investigator on
sounding rockets, UARS, EOS, and TSIM and Co-Investigator on SME and TIMED).
Special emphasis is given to solar variability on all time scales and to comparisons of
the solar irradiance with the output of other late type stars. Past work has concentrated on the ultraviolet (l<300 nm) irradiance, but emphasis has now extended to the
visible and near-infrared. Application of ultraviolet spectroscopy and the development of new instrumentation for remote sensing.
gary.rottman@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-8324
David W. Rusch
The general fields of spectroscopy and aeronomy, emphasizing the measurements
of minor constituents and aerosols in planetary atmospheres such as nitric oxide and
ozone and the physical and chemical phenomena which determine their densities
and temporal variations. Research in the atmospheric sciences including stratospheric, mesospheric, and thermospheric data analysis and modeling. Application of
the principles of molecular and atomic spectroscopy in the measurement of ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared emission and absorption features to obtain understanding of atmospheric phenomena. Current research involves the determination of
atmospheric processes affecting ozone and the reevaluation of ozone trends from
long-term satellite measurements.
rusch@sertan.colorado.edu (303) 492-8627
http://lasp.colorado.edu/~rusch/dwr.html
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Nicholas M. Schneider
The physics of planetary magnetospheres, particularly the interactions between
planetary plasmas and the satellites of the outer planets. Extensive groundbased observations of the Jupiter/Io system, especially imaging and spectroscopy of the Io
atmosphere and plasma torus. Program has been expanded to include Hubble Space
Telescope observations. Designing and building of a spacecraft to study the Jupiter/Io system.
nick.schneider@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-7672
http://ganesh.colorado.edu/nick
Martin Snow
Current research interests involve ultraviolet spectroscopy and comets. Results
from the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph have provided information about a
variety of astronomical objects, including cool star chromospheres, quasars, and hot
star winds. Cometary research has been on the large-scale phenomena in plasma
tails. Observations from the Ulysses Comet Watch involving amateur astronomers
from around the world have greatly aided this research.
marty.snow@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-3744
A. Ian F. Stewart
The investigation by ultraviolet emissions of the aeronomy of planetary and satellite atmospheres, cometary comae, and Io's plasma torus.
stewart@viralf.colorado.edu (303) 492-4630
Glen R. Stewart
Origin and evolution of the solar system, with an emphasis on modeling the
solid-body accretion of the terrestrial planets and the solid cores of the giant planets.
Accretion of the Moon after a giant impact on the Earth. Modeling of satellite wakes
and spiral density waves in planetary rings. Nonlinear dynamics of the three-body
problem as applied to problems in solar system dynamics.
glen.stewart@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-3737
Gary E. Thomas
Research concerning the middle atmosphere of Earth, in particular the mesosphere (50-100 km). Of interest are noctilucent clouds which occur in the highlatitude summertime mesopause region, around 83 km. These clouds were observed
for five years by a CU LASP ultraviolet experiment onboard the LASP SME satellite,
and more recently by instruments onboard the POAM II and UARS (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite) spacecraft. In the last decade, interest involves global
change in this region, possibly caused by anthropogenic emissions and by climate
changes in the troposphere. Critical parameters studied are solar UV flux, water vapor, temperature and ozone which are being monitored by instruments onboard the
UARS.
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
gary.thomas@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-7022
http://lasp.colorado.edu/noctilucent_clouds
O. Brian Toon
Theoretical studies of stratospheric aerosols; investigations of volcanic aerosols
and studies of polar stratospheric clouds; theoretical studies of tropospheric clouds,
aerosols and radiative transfer; experimental investigations of stratospheric and tropospheric phenomena; theoretical investigations of planetary atmospheres.
btoon@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-1534
Thomas N. Woods
Observational studies of the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, its variability, and its
interaction with Earth's atmosphere. Principal investigator of NASA suborbital program to study the solar irradiance and thermospheric airglow. Principal investigator
of the Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) on the TIMED mission. Co-investigator of the
Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison (SOLSTICE) experiment currently making solar
UV irradiance measurements on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)
and planned for the Earth Observing System (EOS) missions.
tom.woods@lasp.colorado.edu (303) 492-4224
FACULTY ACTIVITIES
Linnea M. Avallone
Advisor to Amelia Gates, ATOC
Advisor to Anna Gannet Hallar, ATOC
Advisor to Matthew Lippis, MS student in Electrical Engineering
Associate editor for Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres
Chair, PAOS Distinguished Lecture Series Committee, Spring 2002
Co-chair, LASP Curriculum Review Committee, Fall 2002
Gave guest lecture on stratospheric ozone depletion, ATOC 1060, October 2002
Gave three guest lectures for ATOC/ASEN 5225, December 2002.
Member of Atmospheric Chemistry Technical Committee, Atmospheric Sciences
Section, AGU
Member of PAOS Curriculum Committee
Member of the LASP Education and Public Outreach Committee
Member, American Geophysical Union Spring 2002 Meeting Program committee
Member, LASP Strategic Planning Committee
Member, PAOS Comprehensive Exam Committee, Fall 2002
Participated in field study - Made measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor
from the NCAR C-130 aircraft for the IDEAS project; to study the impact of water
vapor on CO2 measurements made by infrared absorption, April 2002
Participated in field study - Made measurements of ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon
dioxide, and halogen oxides at McMurdo Antarctica from 20 August - 31 October
2002 to study photochemistry of boundary layer ozone
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Participated in field study - Made measurements of particulate water from the NASA
WB-57F aircraft during the NASA CRYSTAL-FACE mission, May and July 2002
Research was subject of an article written in The Antarctic Sun, a weekly publication
of the National Science Foundation Antarctic Program, 17 November 2002
(http://www.polar.org/antsun/Sun111702/ozone.html)
Reviewed manuscripts for Geophysical Research Letters and Journal of Geophysical
Research
Reviewed proposals for National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs
Secretary of the Atmospheric Sciences Section of the American Geophysical Union
Taught ATOC 6020 - Seminar in Trace Gas Instrumentation - Spring and Fall 2002
Taught ATOC 7500 - new graduate course - Designing, Making and Interpreting Atmospheric Measurements - Spring 2002
Daniel N. Baker
Associate Editor, Space Weather (AGU Journal) (2003- )
Chair, Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC) Satellite Review Panel,
continuing
Chair, Boulder Matrix Space Advisory Group
Chair, Directors Group
Chair, Electronic Publications Review Panel, AGU
Chair, Space Studies Board Task Group on "Assessment of Mission Size Trade-offs"
Chair, STEP Results, Applications, and Modeling Phase (S-RAMP) Steering Committee, continuing
Chair, USRA Strategic Planning Steering Committee
Co-Chair, SCOSTEP S-RAMP Meeting Committee
Consultant, Ball Aerospace Corporation
Consultant, SAIC, Inc.
Consultant, USRA Astrophysics and Space Physics Council, Washington, DC
Convenor, Core Technologies Conference, Colorado Springs
Convenor, Special session at American Geophysical Union Fall meeting
Created video for Sun-Earth Connections (NASA) called "SAMPEX - 10 years of Radiation Measurements"
Deputy Director, Center for Limb Atmospheric Sounding
Director of LASP/Chair of Executive Committee
Faculty of Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) Summer School,
Boston University, August 2002.
Featured in Boston Herald, USA Today, Daily Camera, San Francisco Chronicle,
Christian Science Monitor, Science, and many other newspapers and magazines
Member of Dissertation/Thesis Committee for Eric Roden (ASEN), Amanda Sickafoose (APS), Jeremy Richardson (PHYS), and Corinne Krauss (APS)
Member of the SAMPEX Science Working Team, continuing
Member, Advisory Panel on Faculty Development in Space Sciences (2002-03
Member, AGU Governing Council
Member, Chancellor's Federal Relations Advisory Committee
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Member, CLUSTER Science Working Team (1999- )
Member, Conference on Space Weather Organizing Committee
Member, External Advisory Board, Aerospace Engineering Department
Member, Federal Relations Advisory Committee (FRAC)
Member, Graduate School/Institute Directors Group
Member, IGY+50 Advisory Committee (2002- )
Member, MESSENGER/Mercury Orbiter Science Working Team
Member, NASA Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, Study Team
Member, National Academy of Sciences/Space Studies Board AtmosphereIonosphere-Magnetosphere Coupling Panel
Member, NOAA Strategic Planning Group (External)
Member, Nominations Committee, American Geophysical Union
Member, Organizing Committee, ESPRIT Space Weather Conference, Rhodes, Greece
Member, Panel on Nonlinear Modeling in Geophysics (2003-03)
Member, Polar Science Working Team, continuing
Member, SAMPEX Science Working Team (1992- )
Member, SCOSTEP Burean (Ex Officio)
Member, Space Station Advisory Panel, American Geophysical Union (2002-03)
Member, U.S. National Committee to IUGG (2000-03)
Member, University Space Research Association (USRA) Council of Institutes Representative, continuing
Member, USRA Astronomy and Space Physics Council, continuing
Member, Vision 2010: University Without Wall Committee
National Academy of Sciences/Space Studies Board Decadal Survey
Oversaw LASP strategic planning process
President, American Geophysical Union, Space Physics and Aeronomy Section, 20022004
Principal Dissertation/Thesis Advisor for Graduate Students Joshua Rigler and Lin
Li
Recognized by Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) "Highly Cited" Researchers
Project
Regional Editor of Journal of Atmospheric and Solar Terrestrial Physics
Served as advisor of the Sun-Earth Connections (NASA) Roadmap committee
Served on LASP Business Committee
Several television appearances (e.g., with Nick Carter on Channel 9 Feature) concerning space weather.
Supervising three (3) undergraduate students
U.S. National Delegate, International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy,
continuing
U.S. Representative, International Union of geophysics and Geodesy, continuing
Joshua E. Colwell
Author: Space Scene article for Boulder Daily Camera
Journal referee: Journal of Geophysical Research, Icarus, Planetary and Space Science
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Member, American Geophysical Union, American Astronomical Society, Division of
Planetary Science
Member, Cassini Rings Working Group
Member, Cassini UVIS Team
Member, LASP Computer Systems Advisory Committee (CSAC)
Outreach lectures at Monarch K-8 science class
Principal Investigator, COLLIDE-2
Principal Investigator, Dynamics of Dusty Plasmas Near Surfaces in Space
Principal Investigator, PRIME
Proposal Reviewer: NASA
Supervised 7 undergraduate and graduate student assistants
Taught ASTR 1110: General Astronomy - The Solar System
Textbook Reviewer: Addison-Wesley
Thesis Advisor for Amanda Sickafoose
Francis G. Eparvier
Co-Investigator, SDO EVE
Member, American Geophysical Union
Member, LASP Curriculum Committee
Member, LASP EPO Committee
Member, PAOS Graduate Admissions Committee Member, Heather Lewandowski
Ph.D. Dissertation Committee (Physics) Co-Investigator, TIMED SEE
Member, SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering Member, Astronomical
Society of the Pacific Chair, LASP Library Committee
Presented a seminar at NOAA Space Environment Center Presented a talk at the
NOAA GOES R EUV Workshop Presented a poster at the Living With a Star
Workshop Presented talks at TIMED Science Working Group meetings Presented
papers at AGU, CEDAR, and COSPAR meetings Science fair judge
Robert Grimm
Dissertation Advisor, Keith Harrison
Group Leader, Geophysics, Planetary Instrument Design and Definition Program
(PIDDP) Panel
LASP Seminar, Naiades Mars Scout concept
Member, American Geophysical Union
Member, Mars Science Laboratory Science Advisory Group
Member, Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Reviewer, PGG, MDAP, JGR, GRL
Mihaly Horanyi
Associate editor, JGR-Space Physics
Chair: Physics Department: Comps. Committee
Member of Dissertation/Thesis Committee for Amanda Sickafoose, APS; Shawn
Brooks, APS; Daniel Main, Physics
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Member: LASP Executive Comm.
Member: LASP Library Comm.
Member: NASA Decadal Survey: Planetary Rings Panel, 2002
Member: NASA Micro-Gravity Fluids Science Review Panel, 2002
Member: Physics Dept. Undergrad. Comm.
Principal Dissertation/Thesis Advisor for Graduate Students Colin Mitchell, Physics;
Corrine Krauss, APS (She continues receiving a NASA GSRP fellowship and was
awarded Outstanding Student Paper' prize at the 2002 Fall AGU meeting; L. Jeremy Richardson, Physics (titular advisor); Byron Smiley, Physics (He completed
his Ph.D. and now is a postdoctoral researcher at LASP. S. Robertson was advising the experimental portion of his thesis work); Adrianne Allen (titular, Physics);
Jennifer Gannon (titular, Physics)
Principal Investigator for the Student Dust Counter for the New Horizon's Pluto Mission. The project currently employs 11 students: Gene Holland Grad., Aero, Ms;
Chelsey Bryant Grad., Aero, PhD; Anselm Fernandez Grad., EE, MS; Vaughn
Hoxie Grad., Aero, PhD; Tinapan Chanthawanich Grad., EE, MS; Ervin Krauss
Ugrad., Aero; Otto Krauss Ugrad., Aero; Matt Colgan Ugrad., Aero; Nicholas
Bunch Ugrad., Physics; Michael Neeland Ugrad., ME; Katie Thompson Ugrad.,
Aero;
Reviewed manuscripts for JGR-Space, Physics of Plasmas, Nature, Icarus, and
COSPAR
Reviewed proposals for NSF, NASA (3)
Supervised Independent Study course: PHYS 3210 Mechanics, Summer course
(Adam Kay)
Taught PHYS-2140 Mathematical Methods and PHYS/ENVS-3070 Energy in a Technical Society
Bruce M. Jakosky
Advisory Panel, New York Hall of Science, Extraterrestrial life exhibit
Awarded First James McDonnell Distinguished Lecturer and Public Lecturer,
Washington University in St. Louis.
Co-Chair, NASA Astrobiology Shared Foundations Working Group
Developed and taught new 4000/5000 level class in philosophy and history of astrobiology, as part of new graduate certificate program in astrobiology
Editorial Board, Astrobiology
Editorial Board, Geobiology
Editorial Board, Int. J. Astrobiology
Interviewed for print, radio, and TV on topics related to Mars exploration and astrobiology; 16 interviews during the year.
LASP Executive Committee
LASP Planetary faculty search committee, spring 2002.
Member, American Geophysical Union Committee on Public Affairs
Member, Mars Exploration program Analysis Group Astrobiology Sub-Group
Member, Mars Global Surveyor Project Science Group
Member, Mars Odyssey Project Science Group
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Member, NASA Astrobiology Roadmapping Working Group
Member, NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Exploration (ASTEP) Program
Review Panel
Member, NASA Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG)
Member, NASA Mars Landing Site Steering Group
Member, NASA Mars Science Lander Project Science Integration Group
Member, NASA Solar System Exploration Subcommittee
Member, USRA Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Council
Peer reviewer for journals (Nature, Geophysical Review Letters), National Research
Council (Decadal Strategy for Solar System), and NASA (Planetary Geology and
Geophysics, Planetary Atmospheres, and Mars Data Analysis Programs).
Principal Dissertation/Thesis Advisor for Graduate Students Shannon Pelkey, APS;
Stacy Varnes, GEOL,
Taught GEOL 4500/5700, History and Philosophy of Astrobiology
Greg Kopp
Coordinator, LASP Science Seminar series
Director at Large, Rocky Mountain Section of the Optical Society of America
Member, American Geophysical Union
Team member, Terrestrial Planet Finder session chair for SORCE Science Meeting,
Short-Term Variability session - 17-19 July 2002
Thomas McCollom
Journal referee: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Origins of Life and Evolution of the
Bioshpere.
Participant, Europa Focus Group of the NASA Astrobiology Institute
Proposal reviews: NSF Earth Sciences Directorate.
Michael Mellon
Chair: Planetary Journal Club Seminar Series, Spring 2002
Committee Member: Shannon Pelkey’s Ph.D. Thesis Annual Review
Invited Poster: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, A .
Invited Talk: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, A Permafrost
Perspective of Water and Ice in the Martian Regolith.
Panel Member: Mars Express MARSIS Science Team Review Panel
Participating Scientist: Mars Team On Line, education and outreach program, NASA
Ames
Reviewer: Manuscripts for Journal of Geophysical Research-planets, Journal of Geophyiscal
Research- solid earth, Geophysical Research Letters, Nature, Icarus
Reviewer: Proposals for NASA Mars Data Analysis, Planetary Geology and Geophysics
Programs, and for Livermore National Laboratory
Taught: Supervised independent study ASTR 5920 “Martian Periglacial Geology”
46
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Robert T. Pappalardo
Advisor (UROP or URAP) for Michelle Stempel
Associate Editor, Geophysical Research Letters.
Co-Chair of APS Dept. Colloquium series, Spring 2002.
First instructor at CU Boulder to test and use the TurnItIn.com Peer Review software,
for ASTR/GEOL 3300--Extraterrestrial Life.
Member of selection committee: Arizona State University, Geosciences Alumni
Scholarship program)
Member, Dissertation Committee for Shannon Pelkey
Member: Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) of the Space
Studies Board, National Academy of Sciences (member of committee advising the
NAS Space Studies Board on planetary studies that can be conducted from space,
and supporting ground-based activities).
Member: National Academy of Sciences Solar System Exploration Strategy Committee (Vice-chair of Large Satellites Panel and Steering Group Member of committee
advising NASA and the Space Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences
on goals and priorities for planetary exploration for the decade 2003-2013).
Mentor to 7 undergraduate students (APS majors and minors).
Principal Dissertation/Thesis Advisor for Graduate Student Amy Barr
Representative to CU Geophysics Ph.D. Program, APS Dept
Reviewer, Planetary Geology and Geophysics Review Panel.
Scientific consultant to Denver Museum of Nature and Science, planetarium show on
astrobiology.
Taught Extraterrestrial Life, ASTR/GEOL 3300, Fall 2002; Extraterrestrial Life,
ASTR/GEOL 3300, Spring 2002
William K. Peterson
Discipline Scientist for Magnetospheric Physics at NASA Headquarters. In this position I organize review panels and represent the interests of magnetospheric
workers in internal NASA discussions relating to programs and policy.
Member of the American Geophysical Union
Principal Investigator on the Toroidal Imagining Mass Angle Spectrograph (TIMAS)
Instrument on the Polar Satellite. A graphic illustrating some of the results of that
project is at:
ftp://willow.colorado.edu/pub/timas/timas_oveveriew_image.ps
Cora E. Randall
Adjunct faculty member, PAOS
Atmospheric science presentation to Ball personnel, January 2002
Co-Chair: Langley DAAC UWG, since March 1998
Co-I on NSF IGERT proposal: Graduate Training in Atmospheric Observations
Coordinated LASP involvement in the BVSD High School Science Research Seminar
HIRDLS team member, since 1997
ILAS II team member, since 1999
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Member, EOS-CHEM aerosol working group, since spring, 1999
Member, EOS-CHEM education/outreach working group, since fall, 1998
Member: Aimee Merkel graduate dissertation committee
Member: LASP EPO exploratory group, since spring 2001
Member: LASP executive committee
Member: LASP pre-proposal science review committee (T. Woods SDO proposal, 1
February 2002)
Member: LASP/PAOS faculty search committee
Member: PAOS graduate student admissions committee, since September 2002
Member: Two PAOS grad student advisory committees
Mentored Daniel Regelson, a Boulder High School senior, on his SRS science project
POAM team member, since 1994
Reviewer: JGR atmospheres
Reviewer: NASA ACMAP/SOSST proposals
Reviewer: NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts, Phase I proposals
SAGE II team member, since 1999
Science Fair judge, Bear Creek Elementary School, 7 February 2002
Nicholas Schneider
Advisor to approximately 30 students
Chair, LASP Graduate Students Concerns Committee
Liaison, Departmental FTEP
Member, Admissions Committee
Member, Dissertation/Thesis Committee for David Brain (APS), Mark Welliver
(Physics), and Juan Eduardo Ramire, (Physics)
Member, Libraries, AV, Slide collection Committee
Member, Masters or Ph.D Qualifying Examination Committee for Andrew Steffl
(APS) and Teddy Tian (APS)
Member, Telescope Allocation Committee
Mentor to Rob Morris, APS major performing astronomical research under my direction
Principal Dissertation/Thesis Advisor for Graduate Student Matt Burger (APS)
Public nights at Sommers Bausch Observatory
Representative from APS to Geophysics Program
Reviewer, NASA/NSF proposals
Reviewer, Scientific Journals
Student Advisor to 20 minor and major students in APS, and career counseling to
another ~5 undergraduates
Taught ASTR1010, Introductory Astronomy (Solar System) for non-majors
Taught ASTR5750, Observational Astronomy
Taught ASTR5835, Topics in Planetary Science, on the subject of ExtraSolar Planets
48
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Glen R. Stewart
Faculty advisor for John Weiss's successful GSRP grant
Manuscript reviewer for Icarus, Astronomical Journal
Member, American Astronomical Society
Member, LASP Education and Public Outreach Committee
Presented talk on "Origin of the Moon" to classroom at University of Colorado, Denver
Served on proposal review panel for NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics
program
Thesis advisor for John Weiss, APS department
Tom Woods
Manuscript Reviewer, Journal of Geophysical Research, Journal of Atmospheric and
Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Member, American Astronomical Society, Solar Physics
Member, American Geophysical Union
Member, NASA SDO Science Team
Member, NASA SORCE Science Team
Member, NASA TIMED Science Team
Member, NASA UARS Science Team
Member, SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering
Proposal Reviewer, NASA, NSF
2002 Seminar Series
Greg Kopp, Chair,
17-Jan
Nick Schneider
(LASP)
The JMEX Mission, Study Phase Results
24 Jan
Alex Pavlov
(LASP)
Oxygen abundance in the Archean
atmosphere: What can we learn from
sulfur isotopes?
31 Jan
David W. Rusch
(LASP)
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere
(AIM) Small Explorer (SMEX)
4 Feb
Steve Nerem
CU/AeroEngr
New satellite technologies for measuring gravity
14 Feb
Xinlin Li
(LASP)
Sun-Earth Connection: Quantitative
Prediction of Radiation Belt Electrons
in the Earth's Magnetosphere Based
on Solar Wind Measurements
49
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
21 Feb
Tom Woods
(LASP)
26 Feb
Lee Peterson &Jason Hinkle Space Structures Research at CU
(CU/AERO)
7 Mar
Alan Delamere
(Ball Aerospace)
Deep Impact Discovery Mission
14 Mar
Harold Reitsema
(Ball Aerospace)
Kepler Discovery Mission
21 Mar
Victoria Meadows
(JPL/Caltech/NAI)
Toward Characterization of Extrasolar Terrestrial Planets: The Virtual
Planetary Laboratory
4 Apr
Bill Emery
Mapping Coastal Ocean Currents
CU/LASP & Aerospace En- from Satellite Infrared/Color Images
gineering Sciences
and Altimetry
18 Apr
Peter Ward
U. of Washington
New views on mass extinctions: Are
impact-caused extinctions rare in
earth history?
25 Apr
Linnea Avallone
CU/LASP & PAOS
In Situ Measurements in Arctic Cirrus and Rocket Plumes: New Insights
into Particle Sizes and Composition
9 May
Jerry Harder
LASP
Solar irradiance measurements in the
visible and infrared: The SORCE SIM
instrument
13 May
Anthony Chan
Rice Univ.
Killer electrons and phase space Lagrangians: Transport and acceleration
of relativistic electrons in Earth’s
magnetosphere
29 Aug
Prof. Eric Donovan
University of Calgary
Enhanced Auroral Proton and Electron Precipitation During the Initial
Phase of Magnetic Storms
5 Sept
Daniel Baker
LASP
The Solar and Space Physics Decadal
Survey: What's Hot and What's Not
50
Timely TIMED Results
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
12 Sept
Dr. Chiao-Yao She
CSU
Atmospheric Tides in Mesopause Region Temperature and Winds as Observed by a Sodium Lidar over Full
Diurnal cycles
19 Sept
Robert Pappalardo
CU / LASP & APS
New Frontiers in the Solar System:
Results of the Planetary Science
Decadal Survey
26 Sept
Alexander Pavlov
CU/LASP
Passing Through Giant Molecular
Cloud – Effects on Climate: Possible
Link to Snowball Glaciations?
3 Oct
Stephen J. Mojzsis
Center for Astrobiology
The Oldest Known Sediments on
Earth and What They Mean
17 Oct
Robert Grimm
The Naiades: A Scout Proposal for
Blackhawk GeoServices, Inc. Electromagnetic and Seismic Exploand CU-LASP
ration for Groundwater on Mars
31 Oct
Stefan Eriksson
CU/LASP
Lobe Cell Convection and Polar Cap
Precipitation
7 Nov
Tom Woods
CU/LASP
The EUV Variability Experiment
(EVE) on the NASA Solar Dynamics
Observatory (SDO)
14 Nov
David Brain
CU/LASP
The Influence of Crustal Magnetic
Sources on the Topology of the Martian Magnetic Environment
21 Nov
Byron Smiley
CU/LASP
Detection of Charged Mesospheric
Particles Inside NLC and PMSE with
Electromagnetically Shielded Rocket
Probes
LASP Technology Colloquium Series
Jerald Harder, Chair
4 Feb
Steve Nerem
CU/AeroEngr
New satellite technologies for measuring gravity
29 Oct
Mark Lankton
CU/LASP
ASCS: The Hard Parts
19 Nov
Bob Phelan
Boulder Metric,
The High Fidelity Electrically Calibrated Pyroelectric Radiometer (HiFi ECPR)
51
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
3 Dec
Dale A. Lawrence
CU/AeroEngr
Line-of-Sight Stabilization
Planetary Journal Club Seminar Series
Michael T. Mellon, Chair (Spring)
David A. Brain, Chair (Fall)
4 Feb
Stacy Varnes
Presence and detection of carbonates on the Martian
surface
11 Feb
Shawn Brooks
Neptune's Ring Arcs: When Is the Mass of a Test Particle Non-Negligible?
4 Mar
Bob Pappalardo
Wavy Gravy: Topography of Chaos on Europa as Inferred from Combined Stereographic and Photoclinometric Analyses
1 Apr
Sara Martinez
Genesis of the Martian hematite deposits
15 Apr
Kevin
McGouldrick
Getting to Venus... Without Hitch-hiking
22Apr
John Weiss
How Will My Real Estate Investments Mature in 5 Billion Years?
9 Sept
Shannon Pelkey
NEW Mars Odyssey THEMIS Data! Physical Properties
& Geological Implications in Melas Chasma
16 Sept
David Brain
Recent Observations of Neptune's Atmosphere
23 Sept
Keith Harrison
Tidal Winds on Titan
30 Sept
Glen Stewart
The Mysterious Orbital Shifts of Prometheus and Pandora
28 Oct
Cori Krauss
Is Io's Mantle Really Molten?
4 Nov
Tom McCollom
Experimental constraints on the chemical evolution of
large icy satellites
11 Nov
Peter Delamere
Spokes of Saturn
18 Nov
Larry Esposito
Puzzles of the Venus Atmospheric Composition
2 Dec
Bruce Jakosky
Habitability of Mars' Polar Regions
52
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Center for Astrobiology Seminar Series
Bruce J. Jakosky, Chair
24 Jan
Alex Pavlov
(LASP)
Oxygen abundance in the Archean atmosphere:
What can we learn from sulfur isotopes?
25 Feb
Norm Pace
(CU/MCDB)
Extreme Life and Biological Diversity in Our Solar
System
28 Feb
Giullermo
Lemarchand
U. Buenos Aires
Are we alone in the Universe? The search for Extraterrestrial technological activities (SETTA) Research Program
21 Mar
Vicki Meadows
JPL/Caltech/NAI
Toward characterization of extrasolar terrestrial
planets: The Virtual Planetary Laboratory
25 Mar
Ariel Anbar
Novel isotopic biosignatures: Promise and progress
18 Apr
Peter Ward
U. of Washington
New views on mass extinctions: Are impact-caused
extinctions rare in Earth history?
29 Apr
George Cody
Carnegie Inst.
Mineral Catalysts and Pre-biotic Carbon Fixation
20 May
Ron Greeley
ASU
Mars - The Astrobiology Connection
18 Sept
Munir Humayun
U. of Chicago
Life in an Antarctic Meteorite?
16 Oct.
Ariel Anbar
U. of Rochester
In Pursuit of Proterozoic Paleoredox: Insight from
Molybdenum Isotopes
6 Nov
Robert Pappalardo
CU/LASP
The geology of Europa: Where are we now?
20 Nov
A. Jay Kaufman
U. of Maryland
Sulfur isotope constraints on the snowball Earth
26 Nov
Ralph Lorenz
Titan
4 Dec
Craig E. Manning
UCLA
Geology and age of supracrustal rocks, Akilia Island, Greenland
Publications
Andersson, L., N. Ivchenko, J. Clemmons, A.A. Namgaladze, B. Gustavsson, J.-E.
Wahlund, L. Eliasson, and R. Yu. Yurik, Electron Signatures and Alfvén Waves, J.
Geophys. Res., 107, No. A9, 1244,10.1029/2001JA900096, 2002.
Arvidson, R. E., F P Seelos, K. S. Deal, N. O. Snider, J. M. Kieniewicz, B. M. Kynek, M.
T. Mellon, J. B. Garvin, Mantled and exhumed terrains in Terra Meridiani, Mars, J.
Geophys Res., in press, 2002.
53
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Avallone, L.M., D.W. Toohey, T. J. Fortin, K. A. McKinney, and J. D. Fuentes, In situ
measurements of bromine oxide at two high-latitude boundary-layer sites: Implications of variability, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2002.
Avallone, L.M., Measurements of the temperature-dependent rate coefficient for the
reaction O(3P) + NO2 -> NO + O2, J. Photochem. Photobio., in press, 2002.
Avallone, L.M., Observations for Chemistry (In-situ): Resonance Fluorescence, in The
Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, pp. 1484-1489,Academic Press, 2002.
Avallone, L.M., Polar Stratospheric Ozone, Chapter 3, in United Nations Environment Programme/World Meteorological Organization 2002 Assessment of
Stratospheric Ozone, 2002.
Avallone, L.M., Two articles for the 2003 edition of The World Book Encyclopedia –
Ozone and Ozone Hole
Baker, D.N., A.J. Klimas, and D. Vassiliadis, Collective behavior and magnetospheric
substorms, Proc. 6th International Conference on Substorms, Seattle, Washington,
R.M. Winglee, Editor, p. 33, 2002.
Baker, D.N., and X. Li, Relativistic electron flux enhancements during strong geomagnetic activity, AGU Monograph, in press, 2002.
Baker, D.N., How to cope with space weather, Science, 297, 30 Aug 2002.
Baker, D.N., R.E. Ergun, J.L. Burch, J.-M. Jahn, P.W. Daly, R. Friedel, G.D. Reeves,
R.A. Fritz, and D.G.. Mitchell, A Telescopic and microscopic view of a magnetospheric substorm on 31 March 2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 18, 1862, doi:
10.1029/2001GL014491, 2002.
Baker, D.N., R.L. McPherron, and M.W. Dunlop, Cluster observations of magnetospheric substorm behavior in the near- and mid-tail region, submitted to Adv.
Space Res., 2002.
Baker, D.N., Telescopic and microscopic views of the magnetosphere: Multispacecraft observations, Space Sciences Review, in press, 2002.
Baker, D.N., The Sun-Earth Connection, in The Standard Handbook for Aeronautical
and Astronautical Engineers, edited by Mark Davies, McGraw-Hill, September
2002.
Baker, D.N., W.K. Peterson, S. Eriksson, X. Li, J.B. Blake, J.L. Burch, P.W. Daly, M.W.
Dunlop, A. Korth, E. Donovan, R. Friedel, T.A. Fritz, H.U. Frey, S.B. Mende, J.
Roeder, and H.J. Singer, Timing of magnetic reconnection initiation during a
global magnetospheric substorm onset, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, No. 24, 2190,
doi:10.1029/2002GLO15539, 2002.
Barbara, J.M., and L.W. Esposito, Moonlet Collisions and the Effects of Tidally Modified Accretion in Saturn's F Ring, Icarus, 160, 161-171,2002.
Barth, C.A., D.N. Baker, K.D. Mankoff, and S.M. Bailey, Magnetospheric control of
the energy input into the thermosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 13,
doi:10.1029/2001GLO14362, 2002.
Barth, C.A., D.N. Baker, K.D. Mankoff, and S.M. Bailey, magnetospheric control of
the energy input into the thermosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 13, doi: 10.10292001GLO14362, 2002.
54
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Bennet, J., S. Shostak, and B. Jakosky (2002), Life in the Universe, Addison-Wesley, San
Francisco (non-majors textbook in astrobiology).
Bevilacqua, R.M., et al. Observations and analysis of PSCs detected by POAM III
during the 1999/2000 northern hemisphere winter, et al., J. Geophys. Res. 107
(D20), 8281, doi:10.1029/2001JD000477, 2002.
Bullock, M. A., J. M. Moore, and M. T. Mellon, Laboratory simulations of Mars
Aqueous Geochemistry, submitted to Icarus, 2002.
Colaprete, A. and O.B. Toon, Carbon Dioxide Snow Storms During the Polar Night
on Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 107, No. E7, 10.1029/2001JE001758,2002.
Colarco, P.R., O.B. Toon, O. Torres, and P.J. Rasch, Determining the UV Imaginary
Index of Refraction of Saharan Dust Particles from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer Data Using a Three-Dimensional Model of Dust Transport, J. Geophys.
Res., 107, No. D16, 10.1029/ 2001JD000903, 2002.
Colwell, J.E. and B.M. Jakosky (2002). Effects of topography on thermal infrared
spectra of planetary surfaces, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 107 (E11), 16-1 to 16-6,
doi:10.1029/2001JE001829.
Colwell, J.E., M. Horanyi, S. Robertson, A.A. Sickafoose, Levitation and transport of
charged dust over surfaces in space, AIP, 619, 438, eds.: R. Bharuthram, M.A.
Hellberg, P.K. Shukla, F. Verheest, 2002.
Danilin, M.Y., P.J. Popp, R.L. Herman, M.K.W. Ko, M.N. Ross, C.E. Kolb, D.W. Fahey, L.M. Avallone, D.W. Toohey, B.A. Ridley, O. Schmid, J.C. Wilson, D.G.
Baumgardner, R.R. Friedl, T.L. Thompson, and J.M. Reeves, Quantifying uptake
of HNO3 and H2O by alumina particles in Athena-II rocket plume, J. Geophys.
Res., in press, 2002.
Drake, M.J. and B.M. Jakosky (2002). Narrow horizons in astrobiology, Nature, 415,
733-734.
Dullin, H.R., M. Horanyi, H.E. Howard, Generalization of the Stormer Problem for
Dust Grain Orbits, Physica D., 171 (3), 178, 2002
Engebretson, M.J., W.K. Peterson, J.L. Posch, M.R. Klatt, B.J. Anderson, C.T. Russell,
H.J. Singer, R.L. Arnoldy, and H. Fukunishi, Observations of two Types of Pc 1-2
Pulsations in the Outer Dayside Magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107, (A12),
1451, doi:10.1029/2001JA000198, 2002.
Eparvier, F. G., T. N. Woods, D.L. Woodraska, S.M. Bailey, and S.C. Solomon, Spectral irradiance measurements from the TIMED Solar EUV Experiment, Advances
in Space Research, submitted, 2002.
Eparvier, F.G. Solar imaging needs for the Space Environment Monitor on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES R+): A report of the GOES
R Solar Imager Workshop, NOAA SEC Report, Jan. 31, 2002.
Esposito, L.W., Planetary Rings, Inst. of Physics Publ., Rep. Prog. Phys., 65, 17411783, 2002.
Gates, A.M., L.M. Avallone, D.W. Toohey, A. Rutter, P.D. Whitefield, D.E. Hagen,
A.R. Hopkins, M.N. Ross, T.L. Thompson, R.L. Herman, and R.R. Friedl, 2002, In
situ measurements of carbon dioxide, 0.37 - 4.0 mm particles, and water vapor in
the stratospheric plumes of three rockets, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D22), 4649, doi:
10.1029/2002JD002121, 2002.
55
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Greeley, R., C. Chyba, J. W. Head, T. McCord, W.B. McKinnon, and R.T. Pappalardo.
Geology and geophysics of Europa, in Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites & Magnetosphere (F. Bagenal et al., eds.) , submitted, 2002.
Grimm, R.E. , Low-frequency electromagnetic exploration for groundwater on Mars,
J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JE001504, 2002.
Grimm, R.E., The Naiades: A Mars Scout concept for electromagnetic and seismic
groundwater exploration on Mars, EOS, Trans. AGU, Fall 2002.
Grün. E., H. Krueger, R. Srama, S. Kempf, A. Auer, L. Colangeli, M. Horanyi, P.
Withnell, J. Kissel, M. Landgraf, H. Svedhem, Dust Telescope: A New Tool for
Dust Research, Planetary and Space Sci., COSPAR colloquia series Vol. 15, Dust in
the solar system and in other planetary systems, Pergamon Press, eds. S. F. Green,
I. Williams, T. McDonnell and N. McBride, 181, 2002.
Harrison, K.P., and R.E. Grimm, Controls of Martian hydrothermal systems: Application to valley network and magnetic anomaly formation, J. Geophys. Res., 107,
E5, 10.1029/2001JE001616, 2002.
Head, J. W., R. Pappalardo, G. Collins, M. J. S. Belton, B. Giese, R. Wagner, H.
Breneman, N. Spaun, B. Nixon, G. Neukum, and J. Moore. Evidence for Europalike resurfacing styles on Ganymede. Geophys. Res. Lett., 10.1029/2002GL015961,
2002.
Hibbitts, C., R. T. Pappalardo, G. Hansen, and T. McCord, Carbon dioxide on Ganymede, J. Geophys. Res. , in press, 2002.
Hoppel, K.W. and C.E. Randall, POAM III observations of Arctic ozone loss for the
1999/2000 winter, J. Geophys. Res. 107 (D20), doi:10.1029/2001000476, 2002.
Horanyi, M., Dusty Plasmas in the Solar System, AIP, 619, 22, eds.: R. Bharuthram,
M.A. Hellberg, P.K. Shukla, F. Verheest, 2002.
Jaeger, W. L., E. P. Turtle, L. P. Keszthelyi, J. Radebaugh, A. S. McEwen, and R. T.
Pappalardo, Orogenic tectonism on Io, J. Geophys. Res. , in press, 2002.
Jakosky, B. M., K. H. Nealson, C. Bakermans, R. E. Ley, and M. T. Mellon, Subfreezing activity of microorganisms and the potential habitability of Mars’ polar
regions, submitted to Astrobiology, 2002.
Janhunen, P., A. Olsson, A. Vaivads, and W.K. Peterson, Generation of Bernstein
Waves by Ion Shell Distributions in the Auroral Region, Annales Geophysicae, in
press, 2002.
Jones, K. B., J. W. Head, R. T. Pappalardo, and J. M. Moore, Morphology and origin
of palimpsests on Ganymede from Galileo observations, Icarus, submitted, 2002.
Juhasz, A., and M. Horanyi, Saturn’s E ring: A dynamical approach J. Geophys. Res.,
107, A6, 10.1029/2001JA000182, 2002.
Kelley, M.C., M.K. Hudson, D.N. Baker, et al., Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere
Interactions, National Academic Press, Washington, DC, 2002.
Kerttula, R., K. Mursula, T. Asikainen, R. Friedel, D. Baker, et al., Energetic particle
acceleration during the main phase of a major magnetic storm, Adv. Space Res.,
submitted, 2002.
Kondo, Y., O.B. Toon, H. Irie, B. Gamblin, M. Koike, N. Takegawa, M.A. Tolbert, P.K.
Hudson, A.A. Viggiano, L.M. Avallone, A.G. Hallar, B.E. Anderson, G.W. Sachse,
56
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
D.E. Hunton, J.O. Balentine, and T.M. Miller, Uptake of nitric acid on cirrus cloud
particles in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, Geophys. Res.
Lett., in press, 2002.
Krauss, C.E., M. Horanyi, S. Robertson, Discharging of Dust near the Surface of Mars,
AIP, 619, 309, eds.: R. Bharuthram, M.A. Hellberg, P.K. Shukla, F. Verheest, 2002.
Kruger, H., M. Horanyi, S. Krivov and A. Graps, Jovian Dust: Streams, Clouds and
Rings, in: Jupiter (eds: F. Bagenal et al., Cambridge University Press, submitted,
2002.
Lanzerotti, L.M., R.L. Arnoldy, F. Bagenal, D.N. Baker, et al., The Sun to the Earth –
and Beyond, National Academic Press, Washington, DC, 2002.
Lee, S., M. Zanolin, A. M. Thode, R. T. Pappalardo, and N. C. Makris, Probing Europa's interior using natural ambient noise, Icarus, submitted, 2002.
Li, X., D.N. Baker, S. Elkington, M. Temerin, G.D. Reeves, R.D. Belian, J.B. Blake, H.J.
Singer, W. Peria and G. Parks, Sudden injections of energetic particles into the inner magnetosphere associated with a shock impact and a shock-induced nightside magnetic field change, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press, 2002.
Li, X., T. E. Sarris, D. N. Baker, W. K. Peterson, and H. J. Singer, Simulation of energetic particle injections associated with a substorm on August 27, 2001, Geophys.
Res. Lett., in press, 2002.
Lumpe, J.D., R.M. Bevilacqua, K.W. Hoppel and C.E. Randall, POAM III retrieval algorithm and error analysis, J. Geophys. Res. 107, (D21), 4575,
doi:10.1029/2002JD002137, 2002.
Maynard, N.C., W.J. Burke, J. Moen, D.M. Ober, J.B. Sigwarth, J.D. Scudder, G.L. Siscoe, B.U. O. Sonnerup, W.W. White, K.D. Siebert, D.R. Weimer, G.M. Erickson,
L.A. Frank, M. Lester, F.S. Mozer, W.K. Peterson, C.T. Russell, and G.R. Wilson,
Open-Closed Field Line Boundary Responses to IMF Changes in the Evening
Sector, submitted, J. Geophys. Res., 2002.
McMullin, D., T. Woods, I. E. Dammasch, D. Judge, P. Lemaire, J. S. Newmark, W.
Thompson, W. K. Tobiska, and K. Wilhelm, Irradiance working group report for
the SOHO intercalibration workshop, in Radiometric Inter-calibration of SOHO, eds.
M. C. E. Huber, A. Pauluhn, and R. von Steiger, Bern, Switz., p.135-144, 2002.
Mellon, M. T. A frozen martian landscape, in Icy Bodies in the Solar System, P. Dasch,
editor, in press, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002.
Mitchell, C., M. Horanyi, J.E. Howard, Epicyclic Description of Dust Grain Orbits
about Saturn, J. Geophys. Res., submitted, 2002
Mitchell, C.J. M. Horanyi, J.E. Howard, Validity of Epicyclic Description of Saturnian
Dust Grain Orbits, AIP, 619, 398, eds.: R. Bharuthram, M.A. Hellberg, P.K. Shukla,
F. Verheest, 2002.
Nakamura, R., J.B. Blake, S.R. Elkington, D.N. Baker, et al., Relationship between
ULF waves and radiation belt electrons during the March 10, 1998 storm, Adv.
Space Res., 30, No. 10, 2163-2168, 2002.
Nimmo, F., B. Giese, and R. T. Pappalardo, Estimates of Europa's ice shell thickness
from elastically-supported topography, Geophys. Res. Lett. , in press, 2002.
Nimmo, F., R. T. Pappalardo, and B. Giese, Elastic thickness and heat flux estimates
on Ganymede. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(7), 10.1029/2001GL013976, 2002.
57
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Ohtsuki, K., G.R. Stewart, and S. Ida, Evolution of planetesimal velocities based on
three-body orbital integrations and growth of protoplanets, Icarus, 155, 436-453,
2002.
Olsson, A., P. Janhunen, and W.K. Peterson, The Occurrence Frequency of Upward
Ion Beams in the Auroral Zone as a Function of Altitude Using Polar/TIMAS and
DE 1/EICS Data, submitted, Annales Geophysicae, 2002.
Pappalardo, R. T., A picture is worth a thousand words, Review, Eos, 83,
2002ES000018, 532, 2002.
Pappalardo, R. T., and C. B. Phillips, Europa: Timescales of variability, Eos, in press,
2002.
Pappalardo, R. T., and G. C. Collins, Strained craters on Ganymede, J. Struct. Geol.,
submitted, 2002.
Pappalardo, R.T., G.C. Collins, J.W. Head, P. Helfenstein, T. McCord, J.M. Moore,
L.M. Prockter, P.M. Schenk, and J. Spencer, Geology of Ganymede, in Jupiter: The
Planet, Satellites & Magnetosphere (F. Bagenal et al., eds.) , submitted, 2002.
Pavlov, A.A., and J.F. Kasting, Mass-Independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in
archean sediments: strong evidence for an anoxic archean atmosphere, Astrobiology, 2, 1, 27-41, 2002.
Pelkey, S.M. and B.M. Jakosky, Surficial geologic surveys of Gale Crater and Melas
Crater, Mars, Icarus, 160, 228-257, 2002.
Peterson, W.K., H.L. Collin, M. Boehm, A.W. Yau, C. Cully, and G. Lu, Investigation
into the Spatial and Temporal Coherence of Ionospheric Outflow on January 9-12,
1997, J. Atmos. and Solar Terr. Phys., 64, 1659, 2002.
Peterson, W.K., Ionospheric Influence on Substorm Development, Proceedings of the
Sixth International Conference on Substorms, University of Washington, ISBN 09711740-3-2, p. 143. 2002.
Petrinec, S.M., W.L. Imhof, C.A. Barth, K.D. Mankoff, D.N. Baker, and J.G. Luhmann,
Comparisons of thermospheric high-latitude nitric oxide observations from SNOE
and global auroral X-ray bremsstrahlung observations from PIXIE, J. Geophys.
Res., in press, 2002.
Popp, P.J., B.A. Ridley, J.A. Neuman, L.M. Avallone, D.W. Toohey, P.F. Zittel, O.
Schmid, R.L. Herman, R.S. Gao, M.J. Northway, J.C. Holecek, D.W. Fahey, T.L.
Thompson, K.K. Kelly, J.G. Walega, F.E. Grahek, J.C. Wilson, M.N. Ross, and M.Y.
Danilin, 2002, The emission and chemistry of reactive nitrogen species in the
plume of an Athena II rocket, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (18), 1887,
doi:10.1029/2002GL015197, 2002.
Prockter, L. M., J. W. Head III, R. T. Pappalardo, J. G. Patel, R. J. Sullivan, A. E.
Clifton, B. Giese, R. Wagner, and G. Neukum, Morphology of Europan bands at
high resolution: A mid-ocean ridge-type rift mechanism. J. Geophys. Res.,
107(E5), 10.1029/2000JE001458, 2002.
Pulkkinen, T.I., N.Y. Ganushkina, E.I. Kallio, G. Lu, D.N. Baker, N.E. Turner, T.A.
Fritz, J.F. Fennell, and J. Roeder, Energy dissipation during a geomagnetic storm:
May 1998, in press, Adv. Space Res., 2002.
58
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Randall, C.E., et al., Reconstruction of 3D Ozone Fields Using POAM III During
SOLVE, J. Geophys. Res. 107 (D20), 8299, doi:10.1029/2001JD000471, 2002.
Randall, C.E., et al., Validation of POAM III NO2 Measurements, J. Geophys. Res. 107
(D20), 4432, doi:10.1029/2001JD001520, 2002.
Rigler, E.J., D.N. Baker, and D. Vassiliadis, Solar wind-driven electron radiation belt
response functions at 100-min time scales, submitted to Adv. Space Res., 2002.
Schmid, O., J. M. Reeves, C. A. Brock, D. W. Toohey, L. M. Avallone, M. Ross, A. M.
Gates, J. C. Wilson, and C. Wiedinmyer, Size-resolved measurements of particle
emission indices in the stratospheric plume of a solid rocket motor, J. Geophys.
Res., in press, 2002.
Segura, T.L., O.B. Toon, A. Colaprete, and K. Zahnle, Environmental Effects of Large
Impacts on Mars, Science, 298, 1977-1980, 2002.
Sharma, A.S., D.N. Baker, Y. Kamide, G.S. Lakhina, R.L. McPherron, G.D. Reeves, G.
Rostoker, T. Vondrak, and L. Zelenyi, Storm-substorm relationship: Current understanding and outlook, AGU Monograph, in press, 2002.
Sheldon, R.,J. Chen, and T.A. Fritz, K.J. Trattner, S.A. Fuselier, W.K. Peterson, S.-W.
Chang, R. Friedel, and M.R. Aellig, Reply to Comment on Origins of Energetic
Ions in the Cusp (Publication #147) submitted, J. Geophys. Res., 2002.
Sickafoose, A.A., J.E. Colwell, M. Horanyi, S. Robertson, Experimental Dust Levitation in a Plasma Sheath near a Surface, AIP, 619, 235, eds.: R. Bharuthram, M.A.
Hellberg, P.K. Shukla, F. Verheest, 2002.
Sickafoose, A.A., J.E. Colwell, M. Horanyi, S. Robertson, Experimental Levitation of
Dust Grains in a Plasma Sheath, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 27, doi
10.1029/2002JA009347, 2002.
Smiley, B., S. Robertson, M. Horanyi, T. Blix, M. Rapp, R. Latteck. J. Gumbel, Measurement of positively and negatively charged particles inside PMSEs during
MIDAS SOLSTICE 2001, J. Geophys. Res., submitted, 2002.
Solomon, S.C., R.L. McNutt, R.E. Gold, M. H. Acuña, D.N. Baker, W.V. Boynton, C.R.
Chapman, A.F. Cheng, G. Gloeckler, J.W. Head III, S.M. Krimigis, W.E. McClintock, S.L. Murchie, S.J. Peale, R.J. Phillips, M.S. Robinson, J.A. Slavin, D.E. Smith,
R.G. Strom, J.I. Trombka and M.T. Zuber, The MESSENGER mission to Mercury:
Scientific objectives and implementation, Planet. and Space Sci., 49, 14-15, 14451465, 2001.
Spaun, N. A., R. T. Pappalardo, and J. W. Head. Evidence for shear failure in forming
near-equatorial lineae on Europa, J. Geophys. Res. , in press, 2002.
Srama, R., J. G Bradley, T. J. Ahrens, S. Auer, M. Cruise, H. Fechtig, A. Graps, E.
Grün, O. Havnes, S. Helfert, M. Horanyi, E. Igenbergs, E. K. Jessberger, T. V.
Johnson, S. Kempf, H. Krüger, P. Lamy, M. Landgraf, D. Linkert, F. Lura, J. A. M.
McDonnell, D. Mohlmann, G. E. Morfill, G. H. Schwehm, M. Stübig, J. Svestka, A.
J. Tuzzolino, R. Wasch, and H. A. Zook, The Cassini Cosmic Dust Analyzer, Space
Science Reviews, submitted, 2002.
Sternovsky, Z. M. Horanyi, S. Robertson, Lunar and Martian dust charging on surfaces, AIP, 619, 402, eds.: R. Bharuthram, M.A. Hellberg, P.K. Shukla, F. Verheest,
2002.
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Sternovsky, Z., A.A. Sickafoose, J.E. Colwell, S. Robertson, M. Horanyi, Contact
Charging of Lunar and Martian dust simulants, J. Geophys. Res.,107(E11), 5105,
doi: 10.1029/2002JE001897, 2002doi:10.1029/2002GL015920, 2002.
Thomas, P. C., P. Gierasch, D. Bandfield, R. Sullivan, D. S. Miller, E. Alvarz del
Castillo, B. Cantor, and M. T. Mellon, Mesoscale linear streaks on Mars, Icarus, in
press, 2002.
Thornton, B. F., L. M. Avallone, D. W. Toohey, H. Harder, M. Martinez, J. Simpas and
W. H. Brune, In situ observations of ClO near the winter polar tropopause, J.
Geophys. Res., in press, 2002
Thuillier, G., L. Floyd, T. N. Woods, R. Cebula, E. Hilsenrath, M. Hersé, and D. Labs,
Solar irradiance spectra, Advances in Space Research, submitted, 2002.
Thuillier, G., T. N. Woods, L. E. Floyd, R. Cebula, M. Hersé, and D. Labs, Reference
solar spectra during solar cycle 22, in Solar Variability and Its Effect on Earth’s Atmospheric and Climate System, eds. J. Pap, C. Fröhlich, H. Hudson, J. Kuhn, J.
McCormack, G. North, W. Sprig, and S. T. Wu, Geophys. Monograph Series,
Wash. DC, in press, 2002.
Toivanen, P.K., D.N. Baker, W.K. Peterson, K. Kauristie, H.G. Singer, J. Waterman,
J.R. Wygant, C.T. Russell, and C.A. Kletzing, Polar Observations of Transverse
Magnetic Pulsations Initiated at Substorm Onset in the High-Latitude Plasma
Sheet, submitted, J. Geophys. Res., 2002.
Trattner, K.J., S.A. Fuselier, T.K. Yeoman, C. Carlson, W.K. Peterson, A. Korth, A.
Korth, H. Reme, J.A. Sauvaud and N. Dubuloz, Spatial and Temporal Cusp
Structures Observed by Multiple Spacecraft and Ground Based Observations,
submitted, Surveys of Geophysics. 2002.
Trattner, K.J., S.A. Fuselier, W.K. Peterson, and C.W. Carlson, Spatial Features Observed in the Cusp Under Steady Solar Wind Conditions, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(A10), 1288, doi:10.1029/2001JA000262, 2002.
Trattner, K.J., S.A. Fuselier, W.K. Peterson, M. Boehm, D. Klumpar, C.W. Carlson,
and T.K. Yeoman, Temporal Versus Spatial Interpretation of Cusp Ion Structures
Observed by Two Spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A10), 1287, doi:
10.1029/2001JA000181, 2002.
Valek, P.W., J.D. Perez, J.-M. Jahn, C.J. Pollock, M.P. Wuest, R.H.W. Friedel, T.E.
Moore, and W.K. Peterson, Outflow From the Ionosphere in the Vicinity of the
Cusp J. Geophys. Res., 107(A8), 10.1029/2001JA000107, 2002.
Vassiliadis, D., A.J. Klimas, S.G. Kanekal, D.N. Baker, and R.S. Weigel, Long-term
average, solar-cycle, and seasonal response of magnetospheric energetic electrons
to the solar wind speed, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2002.
Vassiliadis, D., R.S. Weigel, A.J. Klimas, D.N. Baker, E.J. Rigler, S.G. Kanekal, R.A.
Mewaldt, S.F. Fung, R.W.H. Friedel, and T.E. Cayton, Structure of the electron radiation belt’s outer zone, submitted to Nature, 2002.
Wilson JK, Mendillo M, Baumgardner J, Schneider NM, Trauger JT, Flynn B, The
dual sources of Io's sodium clouds, Icarus, 157 (2): 476-489 JUN 2002.
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Woods, T. and G. Rottman, Future solar irradiance observations from the NASA
TIMED and SORCE satellites, in Radiometric Inter-calibration of SOHO, eds.M. C. E.
Huber, A. Pauluhn, and R. von Steiger, Bern, Switz., p. 347-354, 2002.
Woods, T. N. and G. J. Rottman, Solar ultraviolet variability over time periods of aeronomic interest, in Comparative Aeronomy in the Solar System, eds. M. Mendillo, A.
Nagy, and J. Hunter Waite, Jr., Geophys. Monograph Series, Wash. DC, pp. 221234, 2002.
Woods, T. N., F. G. Eparvier, S. C. Solomon, D. L. Woodraska, and S. M. Bailey, Early
results from the TIMED Solar EUV Experiment, Proceedings of 4th TIGER Symposium, http://www.ipm.fraunhofer.de/english/meetings/workshops/tiger/,
June, 2002.
Woods, T., L. W. Acton, S. Bailey, F. Eparvier, H. Garcia, D. Judge, J. Lean, D.
McMullin, G. Schmidtke, S. C. Solomon, W. K. Tobiska, and H. P. Warren, Solar
extreme ultraviolet and x-ray irradiance variations, in Solar Variability and Its Effect on Earth’s Atmospheric and Climate System, eds. J. Pap, C. Fröhlich, H. Hudson,
J. Kuhn, J. McCormack, G. North, W. Sprig, and S. T. Wu, Geophys. Monograph
Series, Wash. DC, in press, 2002.
Papers Presented at Scientific Meetings
Andersson, L, W. K. Peterson and K. M. McBryde, Ion Outflow in a Dynamic Coordinate Frame, Fall AGU meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 2002.
Arvidson, R. E., K. Deal, B. Hynek, F. P. Seelos, N Snider, M T. Mellon, J. B. Garvin,
Thermal inertia, albedo, and MOLA-derived roughness for Terrains in the Terra
Meridiani area, Mars, 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, TX,
2002.
Avallone, L.M., Air Pollution: The Sea Salt Connection, Crary Science Lecture Series,
McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 25 September 2002.
Avallone, L.M., Air Pollution: The Sea Salt Connection, Science Lecture Series, Scott
Base, Antarctica, 27 September 2002.
Avallone, L.M., An assessment of the uncertainties in in-situ measurements of ClO
and BrO, poster presented at the Arctic Ozone Loss Workshop, Potsdam, Germany, March 2002.
Avallone, L.M., In situ Measurements in Rocket Plumes and Arctic Cirrus: New Insights into Particle Size and Composition, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space
Physics seminar, University of Colorado, 24 April 2002.
Avallone, L.M., In situ measurements in rocket plumes and arctic cirrus: New insights into particle size and composition, Scripps Institute of Oceanography Climate Seminar, 21 March 2002.
Avallone, L.M., Uncertainties in Halogen Oxide Measurements and Kinetic Parameters and their Implications for Calculation of Ozone Loss Rates, invited overview
talk at the Arctic Ozone Loss Workshop, Potsdam, Germany, 5 March 2002.
Bailey, S. M., T. N. Woods, S. C. Solomon, and F. G. Eparvier, TIMED/SEE and
SNOE/SXP observations of the solar soft X-ray irradiance, Am. Geophys. Union ,
83, S243, 2002.
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2002 Activity Report
Bailey, S.M., G. Crowley, S.C. Solomon, and D.N. Baker, The response of thermospheric nitric oxide to the geomagnetic storm of April 2002, San Francisco, CA
6-10 December 2002.
Baker, D., J. Blake, J. Burch, E. Donovan, M. Dunlop, H. Frey, A. Korth, S. Mende,
and H. Singer. Multi-spacecraft observations of the magnetotail in the CLUSTER
era: The telescope-microscope combination, Spring AGU meeting, Washington,
DC May 26-June 1, 2002.
Baker, D.N., and the CLUSTER Team, CLUSTER observations of geomagnetic storms
and of magnetospheric substorm behavior in the near- and mid-tail regions,
COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Houston, TX, 10-19 October, 2002.
Baker, D.N., CLUSTER measurements of space plasmas in the context of global multispacecraft observations: The telescope-microscope combination, NOAA Space
Environment Center, Boulder, Co, 7 March, 2002.
Baker, D.N., CLUSTER measurements of space plasmas in the context of global multispacecraft observations: The telescope-microscope combination, Invited Seminar, Space Physics Group, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 29 April
2002.
Baker, D.N., CLUSTER measurements of space plasmas: The telescope-microscope
combination, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, Boulder, CO, 12 June 2002.
Baker, D.N., CLUSTER, POLAR, and IMAGE observations of magnetospheric substorms, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 21 February 2002.
Baker, D.N., Energetic particle measurements and MMS, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, 14 February 2002.
Baker, D.N., Energetic particle measurements on the NASA MMS mission, LASP
Magnetospheric Science meeting, Boulder, CO, 22 January 2002.
Baker, D.N., et al. Tracing the Sun-earth connection: The solar particle chain in April
2002, Fall AGU meeting, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
Baker, D.N., et al., Multi-spacecraft observations of the magnetotail in the CLUSTER
era; The telescope-microscope combination, Spring AGU meeting, Washington,
DC, 29 May 2002.
Baker, D.N., et al., Precipitating auroral electrons and lower thermospheric nitric
oxide densities: SNOE, POLAR, SAMPEX, and NOAA/POES comparisons for
geomagnetic storms in 1998-2001, Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC, 28 May
2002.
Baker, D.N., et al., Timing of magnetic reconnection initiation during a global magnetospheric substorm onset, Sixth International Conference on Substorms, Seattle,
March 25-29, 2002.
Baker, D.N., Follow the Energy: SNOE and particle precipitation, Invited talk, Barth
Symposium, Boulder, CO, 17 May 2002.
Baker, D.N., Interactions with industry concerning space weather, CISM summer
School, Boston, 6 Aug 2002.
Baker, D.N., Introduction to Advanced Space and Power Systems, 2002 Core Technologies for Space Systems Conference, Colorado Springs, CO, 19 November
2002.
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Baker, D.N., J. Blake, J. Burch, P. Daly, M. Dunlop, R. Ergun, R. Friedel, and T. Fritz,
CLUSTER observations of magnetospheric substorm behavior in the near- and
mid-tail regions, European Geophysical Society, Nice, France, April 2002.
Baker, D.N., J. Rigler, and D. Vassiliadis, Solar wind driven radiation belt response
functions at 100-min time scales using SAMPEX orbit-averaged electron fluxes,
COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Houston, TX, 10-19 October, 2002.
Baker, D.N., Knowledge transfer in the CISM program, NSF/STC Strategic Planning
Meeting, Boston University, Boston, MA, 15 May 2002.
Baker, D.N., LASP Space Research Programs and Plans, Ball Aerospace presentation,
Boulder, CO, 16 January 2002.
Baker, D.N., MESSENGER to Mercury, Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Invited
Colloquium, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 28 January 2002.
Baker, D.N., Multispacecraft observations during the CLUSTER era, RAPID Science
Working Team Meeting, Killarney, Ireland, 18 June 2002.
Baker, D.N., Multispacecraft observations of substorms: CLUSTER substorm events,
GEM 2002, Telluride, CO, 24-28 June 2002.
Baker, D.N., Next steps toward an integrated solar-terrestrial data environment: A
summary view, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
Baker, D.N., Observations concerning space research, Invited talk, Magnetospheric
Imaging – Yosemite 2002, Yosemite National Park, CA, 8 February 2002.
Baker, D.N., Precipitating auroral electrons and lower thermospheric nitric oxide
densities: SNOE, POLAR, SAMPEX, and NOAA/POES comparisons for geomagnetic storms in 1998-2001, Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC, 28 May 2002.
Baker, D.N., Space weather: Dealing with threats to human technology, APS Colloquium, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 28 October 2002.
Baker, D.N., Space Weather: Threats to human technology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, lecture presented to “Star-gazer’s Weekend”, Estes Park, CO, 7
Sept 2002.
Baker, D.N., Spacecraft operational anomalies and failures, CISM summer School,
Boston, 5 Aug 2002.
Baker, D.N., Strategic planning for USRA, Center for Advanced Space Science,
Houston, TX, 10 January 2002.
Baker, D.N., Telescopic and microscopic views of the magnetosphere: Multispacecraft observations, Invited Review, Magnetospheric Imaging – Yosemite 2002, Yosemite National Park, CA, 7 February 2002.
Baker, D.N., Ten years of SAMPEX radiation belt mapping, presentation NASA
Headquarters, Washington, DC, 3 June 2002
Baker, D.N., The Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling, presented at the Air
Force Center for Integrated Space Forecasting, Space & Missiles Command, Peterson AFB, Colorado Springs, CO, 18 November 2002.
Baker, D.N., The Education and Public Outreach Committee of the AGU Space
Physics and Aeronomy Section: Supporting AGU Scientists in their Educational
Endeavors, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
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Baker, D.N., The International Space Weather Program: Response to threats to human technology, 20th Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting, Wellington, NZ, 9-12
July, 2002.
Baker, D.N., The recent past and future prospects for research at the Laboratory for
Atmospheric and Space Physics, Invited talk presented at the 50th Anniversary of
the CU Space Program Celebration, CU Heritage Center, Boulder, CO 12 December 2002.
Baker, D.N., The Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey, Ball Aerospace, Invited
talk, 6 Sept 2002.
Baker, D.N., The Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey, LASP Seminar Series, 5
Sept 2002.
Baker, D.N., The Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey, NOAA Space Environment Center Seminar Series, Boulder, CO, 12 Sept 2002.
Baker, D.N., Very high-energy particles and space weather, 11th International Congress on Plasma Physics, Sydney, Australia, 15-19 July, 2002.
Baker, K., Steve Fuselier, Jack Gosling, Jim Green, Ernie Hildner, Bill Peterson, and
Chris Russell, Toward an Integrated Solar-Terrestrial Data Environment invited
panel discussion, Fall AGU meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 2002.
Barr, A. C., and R. T. Pappalardo, Temperature and velocity structure of a convecting
ice shell on Europa, GSA Abstr., in press.
Barr, A. C., and R. T. Pappalardo, Temperature and velocity structure of a convecting
ice shell on Jupiter's satellite, Europa, GSA Abstracts with Programs, 34, No. 6,
2002.
Barr, A. C., R. Pappalardo, F. Nimmo, and E. Gaidos, Shear heating and solid state
convection on Europa: Implications for astrobiology. Astrobiology Science Conference 2002, Ames Research Center, p. 51, 2002.
Barr, A. C., R. T. Pappalardo, and F. Nimmo, Strike-slip motion and convection on
Europa, 3rd Europa Focus Group NASA Astrobiology Workshop, Flagstaff, AZ,
May 2002.
Blake, J.B., J.F. Fennell, J.L. Roeder, R. Selesnick, D.N. Baker, M. Carter, T.A. Fritz, M.
Grande, C. Perry, and P. Daly, Joint CLUSTER and POLAR study of energetic
particle bursts in the magnetotail, European Geophysical Society, Nice, France,
April 2002.
Blake, J.B., J.L. Roeder, R.J. Selesnick, D.N. Baker, P. Daly, M. Grande, and M. Carter,
Cluster-Polar simultaneous observations of energetic particles in the plasma sheet
– Evidence for radiation belt leakage?, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
Christensen, P.R., B.M. Jakosky, and 11 others, The martian surface as seen by the
2001 Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System experiment, American
Geophysical Union fall meeting, San Francisco, 2002.
Christensen, P.R., B.M. Jakosky, and 8 others, New observations of Mars from the
Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System, Division for Planetary Sciences
meeting, Birmingham, 2002.
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Collins, G. C. and R. T. Pappalardo, Tidal evolution and the tectonics of Pluto and
Charon, in From Here to Pluto-Charon: A New Horizons PKB Mission Workshop,
Southwest Research Inst., Boulder, CO, 2002.
Colwell, J. E., and M. T. Mellon, Experimental studies of collisions in planetary rings
and protoplanetary disks, 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston,
TX, 2002.
Colwell, J.E., M. Horanyi, S. Robertson, and A. A. Sickafoose, Dynamics of charged
dust near surfaces in space, Sixth Microgravity Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena Conference, Cleveland, 14-16 August 2002, p. 41-42.
Crumley, J., C. A. Cattell, R. L. Lysak, J. P. Dombeck, W. K. Peterson, H.A. Collin,
and C. A. Kletzing. Polar Spacecraft Observations and Particle-In-Cell Simulations of Solitary Waves, Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC May 26-June 1,
2002.
Eastes, R. W., S. M. Bailey, S. A. Budzien, K. F. Dymond, R. P. McCoy, A. C. Nicholas,
S. E. Thonnard, and T. N. Woods, Correlation between the thermospheric temperature derived from ARGOS observations of N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield emission and solar soft X-ray observations from SNOE, Am. Geophy. Union , 83,(47),
SA52A-0378, 2002.
Eastes, R., S. Bailey, F. Marcos, J. Wise, and T. Woods, Correlation between coincident solar soft X-ray flux and satellite drag measurements, Am. Geophy. Union ,
83, S230, 2002.
Edwards, K, T. McCollom, and D. Rogers, Mineral Substrates as a Source of Metabolic Energy for Primary Biomass Production in Seafloor Hydrothermal Environments, Astrobiology Science Conference, NASA Ames Research Center, April,
2002.
Edwards, K., D. Rogers, W. Bach, & T. McCollom, A role for psychrophilic, rock altering, chemolithoautotrophic Fe-oxidizing microbes in ocean crust alteration,
Astrobiology AGU Fall meeting, San Francisco, December, 2002.
Eliason, E. M., A. S. McEwen, W. A. Delamere, J. A Grant, V. C. Gulick, C. J. Hansen,
K. E. Herkenhoff, L. Keszthelyi, R. L. Kirk, M. T. Mellon, S. W. Squyres, N. Thomas, C. Weitz, A vision for the MRO/HiRISE operations center – getting the data
to the people, 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, TX, 2002.
Elkington, S.R., D.N. Baker, M.K. Hudson, and M.J. Wiltberger, Physical models of
the radiation belts and the role of the plasma sheet as a source of energetic particles, 20th Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting, Wellington, NZ, 9-12 July, 2002.
Elkington, S.R., D.N. Baker, P.C. Brandt, and M.J. Wiltberger, MHD/Particle simulations of energetic ions injected during the March 31, 2001 0630 substorm, GEM
2002, Telluride, CO, 24-28 June 2002.
Eparvier, F.G., EVE: The EUV Variability Experiment for the Solar Dynamics Observatory, NASA Living With a Star Workshop, Columbia, MD, Nov. 2002.
Eparvier, F.G., SDO EVE: An Example of Future Solar EUV Spectral Irradiance
Monitors, NOAA GOES R EUV Workshop, Boulder, Oct. 2002.
Eparvier, F.G., T.N. Woods, D.L. Woodraska, J. Cadieux, and R. Keenan, TIMED SEE
EUV Grating Spectrograph: Early Results, Calibration, and Validation Efforts, paper, AGU Spring Meeting, Washington, DC, May 2002.
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Eparvier, F.G., T.N. Woods, D.L. Woodraska, S.M. Bailey, and S.C. Solomon, Spectral
Irradiance Measurements from the TIMED Solar EUV Experiment, COSPAR,
Houston, October 2002.
Eparvier, F.G., T.N. Woods, S.M. Bailey, W.K. Peterson, S.C. Solomon, H. Garcia, J.L.
Lean, H.P. Warren, C.W. Carlson, and J.P. McFadden, Extreme Ultraviolet Variability of the Large Solar Flare on April 21, 2002 and the Terrestrial Photoelectron
Response, poster, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, Dec. 2002.
Eparvier, F.G., TIMED SEE Validation, paper, CEDAR Workshop, Boulder, June
2002.
Gulick, V. C., McEwen, A. S., W. A. Delamere, E. M. Eliason, J. A. Grant, C. J. Hansen, K. E. Herkenhoff, L. Keszthelyi, R. L. Kirk, M. T. Mellon, S. W. Squyres, N.
Thomas, C. Weitz, HiRISE: The people’s camera for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Astrbio. Conf., Moffett Field, CA, 2002.
Gurney, K.R., S. Denning, P. Rayner, R. Law, D.N. Baker, P. Bousquet, L. Bruhwiler,
Y. Chen, P. Ciais, I. Fung, M. Heimann, J. John, T. Maki, S. Maksyutov, P. Peylin,
M. Prather, B. Pak, and S. Taguchi, Global-scale, seasonal carbon sources and
sinks from the TransCom atmospheric inversion experiment, San Francisco, CA 610 December 2002.
Haller, A.G., L.M. Avallone, R.L. Herman, B.E. Anderson, and A.J. Heymsfield,
Measurements of ice water content in tropopause region arctic cirrus during
SOLVE (SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment), talk presented at the
Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA; December 2002.
Head, J. W., G. C. Collins, and R. T. Pappalardo, Global mapping of Ganymede:
Galileo-related views of structures, structural relationships and structural units,
PGG Planetary Mappers Meeting, June 20-21, Tempe, AZ, USGS Open File Rpt.,
2002.
Heldmann, J. L., and M. T. Mellon, Gullies on Mars and constraints imposed by Mars
Global Surveyor (MGS) data, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San
Francisco, CA, 2002.
Horanyi, M., Dust Plasma Interactions in Planetary Magnetospheres, Symposium for
E. Grün's 60th birthday, Heidelberg, Germany , April, 2002.
Horanyi, M., Dusty Plasmas in Space and the Laboratory, Physics Department Colloquium, September, 2002.
Jakosky, B.M. and R.J. Phillips, Water and climate on the terrestrial planets and implications for life elsewhere, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Houston, 2002.
Jakosky, B.M., Biological potential of Mars (invited), Water on Mars Symposium,
Carnegie Institution of Washington, 2002.
Jakosky, B.M., E.S. Varnes, and T.M. McCollom, Biological potential of martian hydrothermal systems, Division for Planetary Sciences meeting, Birmingham, 2002.
Jakosky, B.M., R.E. Ley, and M.T. Mellon, Biological potential of Mars: Possible recent surface/near-surface liquid water at high obliquity, Int. Society for Study of
Origin of Life (ISSOL) meeting, Oaxaca, 2002.
Jakosky, Bruce, Astrobiology and the NRC decadal planning report, MEPAG Astrobiology Science Sub-Group, by videocon/telecon, 23 August 2002.
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Jakosky, Bruce, Convenor, Life on Earth--and Elsewhere?, public symposium on astrobiology at CU, 17 September 2002.
Jakosky, Bruce, Is there life elsewhere?, Smoky Hills Rotary Club, Aurora, 11 February 2002.
Jakosky, Bruce, Life elsewhere? So what?, First James McDonnell Distinguished Public Lecture, Washington Univ. St. Louis, 19 April 2002.
Jakosky, Bruce, Life on other planets?, presentation at Life on Earth--and Elsewhere?
public symposium, 17 September 2002.
Jakosky, Bruce, Mars Odyssey results in the context of Mars exploration, Lockheed
Martin Astronautics, 11 September 2002.
Jakosky, Bruce, Planetary habitability and non-habitability, First James McDonnell
Distinguished Lecture, McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington Univ.
St. Louis, 18 April 2002.
Jakosky, Bruce, Planetary habitability and non-habitability, NAI Science Advisory
Council, NASA/Ames, 11 April 2002.
Jakosky, Bruce, Planetary habitability and non-habitability: Implications for life elsewhere, Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington,
Washington, D.C., 28 April 2002.
Janhunen, P., A. Olsson, and W.K. Peterson, Statistical Studies of Stable Arcassociated Parameters versus Altitude (5000-30000 km) using Polar, European
Geophysical Society, Spring, 2002.
Janhunen, P., A. Olsson, H. Laakso, and W.K. Peterson, Altitude dependence (500030000 km) of inverted-V associated parameters using Polar, Fall AGU meeting,
San Francisco, CA, December 2002.
Janhunen, P., A. Olsson, W.K. Peterson, and H. Laakso Statistical Study of the Occurrence Frequency of Auroral Potential Structures, Upgoing Ion Beams and Density
Depletions as a Function of Altitude (5000-30000 km), European Geophysical Society, Spring, 2002.
Kanekal, S.G., D.N. Baker, and J.B. Blake, Magnetospheric energetic particle response
during the April 2002 event, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
Kanekal, S.G., D.N. Baker, J.B. Blake and M.D. Looper, Observations of Jovian electrons over the Earth’s polar regions: 1992-2001, Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC, 31 May 2002.
Kerttula, R., K. Mursula, T. Asikainen, R. Friedel, D. Baker, F. Soeraas, P. Daly, Fritz,
J. Blake, and M. Carter, Energetic particle boundaries and injections during the
main phase of a major magnetic storm, COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Houston,
TX, 10-19 October, 2002.
Klimas, A., V. Uritsky, D. Vassiliadis, R. Weigel, and D.N. Baker, Self-organized criticality and intermittent turbulence in the plasma sheet, Spring AGU meeting,
Washington, DC, 29 May 2002.
Klimas, A.J., V. Uritsky, D. Vassiliadis, R.S. Weigel, and D.N. Baker, Spreading critical dynamics in POLAR UVI image sequenced as evidence for self-organized
criticality in the plasma sheet, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
67
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Klimas, A.N., V. Uritsky, D. Vassiliadis, R.S. Weigel, and D.N. Baker, The selforganized critical plasma sheet and substorm onset, European Geophysical Society, Nice, France, April 2002.
Kopp, G., Countdown to Launch: SORCE Measures Solar Variability, Colorado Science Convention, Nov. 2002.
Kopp, G., G. Lawrence, G. Rottman, and T. Woods, Phase sensitive detection for the
SORCE Total Irradiance Monitor, Am. Geophy. Union , 83,(47), SH52A-0496,
2002.
Kopp, G., Lawrence, G., and Rottman, G., A Summary of Spacecraft Measurements
of Total Solar Irradiance, Conference on Space Research, Houston TX, Oct. 2002.
Kopp, G., Lawrence, G., and Rottman, G., The Total Irradiance Monitor: Last Chance
Calibrations, Calibration Conference, Logan UT, April 2002.
Kopp, G., Lawrence, G., Rottman, G., and Woods, T., Phase Sensitive Detection for
the SORCE Total Irradiance Monitor, Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Dec.
2002.
Kopp, G., Lawrence, G., Rottman, G., Harder, J., McClintock, W., and Woods, T., TIM
and SORCE posters at SORCE Science Meeting, 17-19 July 2002.
Kozyra, J.U., D.N. Baker, G. Crowley, D.S. Evans, X. Fang, R.A. Frahm, S.G. Kanekal,
M.W. Liemohn, G. Lu, G.M. Mason, R.A. Mewaldt, L.J. Paxton, E.C. Roelof, and
J.D. Winningham, The relative atmospheric impacts and energy inputs of precipitating solar and magnetospheric ion and electron populations during the 1724 April 2002 events, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
Kozyra, J.U., M.W. Liemohn, M.G. Mlynczak, L.J. Paxton, W.R. Skinner, D.N. Baker,
C.A. Cattell, G.A. Germany, S.B. Mende, and C.J. Pollock, TIMED Observations of
the signatures of magnetic activity in the MLTI region placed into global context
by ACE, POLAR, IMAGE, SAMPEX, FAST, NOAA/POES, and DMSP, Spring
AGU meeting, Washington, DC, 31 May 2002.
Lewis, M.C. and G.R. Stewart, High resolution F ring simulations with an eccentric
Prometheus, DPS meeting, Birmingham, 2002.
Lewis, M.C. and G.R. Stewart, The effect of perturbation magnitude on narrow ring
formation, DDA meeting, Mt Hood, 2002.
Li, X., D.N. Baker, S.G. Kanekal, and M. Temerin, Loss of radiation belt electrons
based on SAMPEX measurements and prediction model, 20th Western Pacific
Geophysics Meeting, Wellington, NZ, 9-12 July, 2002.
Li, X., D.N. Baker, S.G. Kanekal, M. Looper, and M. Temerin, Long term and short
term forecast of radiation belt electrons, 20th Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting, Wellington, NZ, 9-12 July, 2002.
Li, X., M. Temerin, D.N. Baker, G.D. Reeves, D. Larson, and S.G. Kanekal, Dipole tilt
effects on radiation belt electrons and Dst index, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
Li, X., M.A. Temerin, D.N. Baker, G. Reeves, and D. Larson, Quantitative prediction
and real time forecast of radiation belt electrons based on solar wind measurements, European Geophysical Society, Nice, France, April 2002.
68
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Li, X., M.A. Temerin, S. Monk, D.N. Baker, and G.D. Reeves, Operational real-time
forecast of MeV electrons at geosynchronous orbit based on ACE and GOES-10
measurements, Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC, 31 May 2002.
Li, X., T.E. Sarris, D.N. Baker, M.A. Temerin, and G.D. Reeves, Mystery associated
with energetic particle injections during substorms, Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC, 29 May 2002.
McCollom, Thomas, Formation of Meteorite Hydrocarbons from Thermal Decomposition of the Mineral Siderite (FeCO3), Astrobiology Science Conference, NASA
Ames Research Center, April, 2002.
McEwen, A. S., W. A. Delamere, E. M. Eliason, J. A. Grant, V. C. Gulick, C. J. Hansen,
K. E. Herkenhoff, L. Keszthelyi, R. L. Kirk, M. T. Mellon, S. W. Squyres, N. Thomas, C. Weitz, HiRISE: The high resolution imaging science experiment for Mars
Reconnaissance Orbiter, 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston,
TX, 2002.
Mellon, M. T., K, A. Kretke, M. D. Smith, S. M. Pelkey, A global map of thermal inertia from Mars Global Surveyor mapping-mission data, 33rd Lunar and Planetary
Science Conference, Houston, TX, 2002.
Mellon, M. T., Recent gullies on Mars: Observations and Theories, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2002.
Mellon, M. T., The occurrence of ground ice on Mars, American Geophysical Union,
Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2002.
Menietti, J.D. J. S. Pickett, D. A. Gurnett, M. O. Chandler, W. K. Peterson, and J. D.
Scudder Polar Observations of Plasma Waves and Particles in and Near the Dayside Magnetopause, Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC May 26-June 1, 2002.
Moore, T.E., M O Chandler, D C Delcourt, B L Giles, W K Peterson, C T Russell, J
Wygant, Ionospheric Incorporation into the Plasma Sheet, Spring AGU meeting,
Washington, DC May 26-June 1, 2002.
Nakamura, R., D.N. Baker, A. Balogh, P., Daly, P. Escoubet, B. Klecker, T. Nagai, H.
Reme, G. Paschmann, and the IWF-SW Team, Space weather and CLUSTER observations, European Geophysical Society, Nice, France, April 2002.
Ohtsuki, K., and H. Tanaka, Viscosity of a planetesimal disk due to gravitational encounters, 33rd DDA meeting, Mount Hood, Oregon, 2002.
Ohtsuki, K., Evolution of ring particle velocity and size distribution due to accretion
in the Roche zone, 34th DPS meeting, Birmingham, Alabama, 2002.
Olsson, A., P. Janhunen, H. Laakso, and W.K. Peterson, Statistical results on the occurrence frequency of auroral potential structures, upgoing ion beams and
plasma density depletions as a function o altitude (5000-30000 km), Fall AGU
meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 2002.
Pappalardo, R. T., C. E. Bader, F. Nimmo, B. Giese, and L. M. Prockter, The thickness
of Ganymede's dark terrain lithosphere from furrow flexure, GSA Abstracts with
Programs, 34, No. 6, 2002.
Pappalardo, R. T., Geology of Europa and next steps in its exploration, GSA Abstracts with Programs, 34, No. 6, 2002.
Pappalardo, R. T., Ice in the Solar System, 10th International Conference on the
Physics and Chemistry of Ice, St. Johns, Newfoundland, 169-170, 2002.
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Pappalardo, R.T. Geology of Europa and the potential for intra-ice biological niches,
in Bioastronomy 2002: Life Among the Stars, Hamilton Island, Australia, 2002.
Pappalardo, R.T., Geology of the icy Galilean satellites and predictions for the saturnian satellites, in Jupiter after Galileo and Cassini: A European Conference
about the Giant Planets, Lisbon, 4.1.6, 2002.
Pappalardo, Robert T., Invited talk: Ball Aerospace, Boulder CO, July 2002: New
Frontiers in the solar system: Results of the planetary science decadal survey.
Pappalardo, Robert T., Invited talk: Geological Society of America Conference, 2002
Annual Meeting, Denver CO, October 2002: Geology of Europa and next steps in
its exploration.
Pappalardo, Robert T., Invited talk: Physics and Chemistry of Ice Conference, St.
Johns NF, Canada, July 2002: Ice in the Solar System.
Patterson, G. W., and R. T. Pappalardo, Compression across ridges on Europa: Implications for crustal recycling and astrobiology, 3rd Europa Focus Group NASA
Astrobiology Workshop, Flagstaff, AZ, May 2002.
Patterson, G. W., and R. T. Pappalardo, Compression across ridges on Europa, in Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXXIII, abstract #1681, Lunar and Planetary Institute,
Houston (CD-ROM), 2002.
Pelkey, S. M., B. M. Jakosky, M. T. Mellon, Physical properties of MER landing site
finalists from MGS TES data, 33rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference,
Houston, TX, 2002.
Pelkey, S.M., B.M. Jakosky, A. Knudson, and P. Christensen, Physical properties and
geological implications in Melas Chasma from Mars Odyssey THEMIS data,
American Geophysical Union fall meeting, San Francisco, 2002.
Pelkey, S.M., B.M. Jakosky, and M.T. Mellon, Physical properties of MER landing site
finalists from MGS TES data, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Houston, 2002.
Peterson, W.K., D. Baker, Y. Su, S. Eriksson, X. Li, J. Sigwarth, J. Scudder, E. Donovan, A. Korth, K. Trattner, J. Slavin, H. Reme, M. Dunlop, M. Andre, H. Singer, R.
Friedel G. Lu, R. McPherron, and C. Russell, The substorm at 5:45 on October 13,
2001 observed from the ground, and the LANL, GOES, POLAR, and CLUSTER
satellites, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December 2002.
Peterson, W.K., D.N. Baker, S.K. Eriksson, J.B. Blake, J.L. Burch, P.W. Daly, M.W.
Dunlop, A. Korth, E. Donovan, R. Friedel, T.A. Fritz, H.U. Frey, S.B. Mende, J.
Roeder, and H.J. Singer, Timing of magnetic reconnection initiation during a
global magnetospheric substorm onset from Cluster, Image, Polar, GOES, LANL,
and lots of ground stations, GEM 2002, Telluride, CO, 24-28 June 2002.
Peterson, W.K., D.N. Baker, Y-J Su, S. Eriksson, X. Li, J.B. Sigwarth, J.D. Scudder, E.
Donovan, A. Korth, K.J. Trattner, J.A. Slavin, H. Reme, M. Dunlop, M. Andre, H.J.
Singer, R.H.W. Friedel, G. Lu, R.L. McPherron, and C.T. Russell, The Substorm at
05:45 on October 13, 2001 observed from the ground, and the LANL, GOES, Polar,
and Cluster Satellites, Fall AGU meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 2002.
Peterson, W.K., Ionospheric influence on substorm development (or lack thereof), invited, Sixth International Conference on Substorms, Seattle, March 25-29, 2002.
70
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Peterson, W.K., Ionospheric Plasma in the Magnetotail, invited, Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC May 26-June 1, 2002.
Randall, C.E., Polar ozone reconstruction with POAM data, European Geophysical
Society meeting, 24 April 2002.
Randall, C.E., Reconstruction of stratospheric ozone fields using equivalent latitude
mapping, SPARC data assimilation workshop, 10-12 June 2002.
Randall, C.E., The 2002 Antarctic ozone hole and the April solar storms: Is there a
connection?, Space Environment Center, 12 December 2002.
Rigler, E.J., and D.N. Baker, Solar wind to radiation belt energetic electron response
functions using multi-channel prediction filters, San Francisco, CA 6-10 December
2002.
Rigler, E.J., D.N. Baker, D. Vassiliadis, A.J. Klimas, and S.G. Kaneka, Evolving electron loss efficiency as a function of changing solar wind conditions – A global
history written with adaptive linear response functions, 20th Western Pacific
Geophysics Meeting, Wellington, NZ, 9-12 July, 2002.
Rigler, E.J., D.N. Baker, D. Vassiliadis, A.J. Klimas, and S.G. Kanekal, Sub-daily time
resolution response functions for 2-6 MeV electrons from L=1 to L=8.0, GEM 2002,
Telluride, CO, 24-28 June 2002.
Russell, J.M., III, M.G. Mlynczak, L.L. Gordley, C.J. Mertens, R. Picard, M. LopezPuertas, D.E. Siskind, D.N. Baker, J. Ulwick, E.E. Remsberg, J. Winick, P. Wintersteiner, P. Espy, r. Garcia, R.G. Roble, and S. Solomon, An overview and science
results from the SABER experiment on the TIMED satellite, San Francisco, CA 610 December 2002.
Russell, J.M., III, M.G. Mlynczak, L.L. Gordley, C.J. Mertens, R.H. Picard, M. LopezPuertas, P. Wintersteiner, J. Winick, D.E. Siskind, D. Baker, J. Ulwick, E.E. Remsberg, R. Garcia, P.J. Espy, R.G. Roble, and S. Solomon, The SABER experiment on
the TIMED Mission: Overview and preliminary science results, Spring AGU
meeting, Washington, DC, 31 May 2002.
Schenk, P., and R. Pappalardo, Stereo and photoclinometric topography of chaos and
anarchy on Europa: Evidence for diapiric origins, in Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf.,
XXXIII, abstract #2035, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston (CD-ROM), 2002.
Schneider, N., Connecting Energetics with Morphology in the Io Plasma Torus, Space
Telescope Science Institute Colloquium, 27 February, 2002.
Schneider, N., The JMEX Phase A Study Results, Ball Aerospace Colloquium, 5 April
2002.
Seelos, F. P., R. E. Arvidson, K. S. Deal, N. O. Snider, J. M. Kieniewicz, W. C. Koeppen, B. M. Kynek, M. T. Mellon, J. B. Garvin, Mantled and exhumed terrains in
Terra Meridiani, Mars, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco,
CA, 2002.
Sickafoose, A.A., J. Colwell, M. Horanyi, and S. Robertson, Dust grain charging and
levitation in a weakly collisional DC sheath, 44th Annual meeting of the Division
of Plasma Physics of the American Physical Society, Orlando, Nov. 11-15, 2002.
Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 47, 121 (2002).
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Sickafoose, A.A., J. E. Colwell, M. Horanyi, and S. Robertson, Dust levitation and
transport near surfaces Fall 2002 Meeting of the American Geophysical Union,
Eos Transactions AGU 83(47).
Smiley, B., M. Horanyi, S. Robertson, Measurement of charged aerosol particles in
the mesosphere by a rocket-borne probe, 44th Annual meeting of the Division of
Plasma Physics of the American Physical Society, Orlando, Nov. 11-15, 2002. Bull.
Am. Phys. Soc. 47, 122 (2002).
Solomon, S. C., S. M. Bailey, A. B. Christensen, F. G. Eparvier, G. R. Gladstone, L. J.
Paxton, B. C. Wolven, and T. N. Woods, New solar extreme-ultraviolet and soft Xray measurements: Model comparisons with thermosphere and ionosphere observations, Am. Geophys. Union , 83, S244, 2002.
Solomon, S.C. and 18 others (including B.M. Jakosky), Insights into the earliest history of Mars: A new synthesis, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Houston, 2002.
Stempel, M. M., and R. T. Pappalardo, Lineament orientations through time near Europa’s leading point: Implications for stress mechanisms and rotation of the icy
shell, GSA Abstracts with Programs, 34, No. 6, 2002.
Stempel, M. M., and R. T. Pappalardo, Lineament orientations through time near Europa’s leading point: Implications for stress mechanisms and rotation of the icy
shell, in Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., XXXIII, abstract #1661, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston (CD-ROM), 2002.
Sternovsky, Z., Mihaly Horanyi, and Scott Robertson, Contact charging of dusts on
surfaces presented at the 55th Gaseous Electronics Conference, Minneapolis, 1518 October 2002.
Stewart, G.R., Balanced dynamics of Rossby vortices in protoplanetary disks, DDA
meeting, Mt. Hood, 2002.
Thornton, B., D. Toohey, L. Avallone, H. Harder, M. Martinez, J. Simpas, W. Brune,
M. Avery, E. Richard, and M. Proffitt, In situ measurements of ClO near the tropopause, poster presented at the European Geophysical Society Meeting, Nice,
France; April 2002.
Toivanen, P., D.N. Baker, and W.K. Peterson, Electromagnetic pulsations in the
plasma sheet at substorm onset observed by POLAR spacecraft, European Geophysical Society, Nice, France, April 2002.
Toohey, D., K. McKinney, H. Voemel and L. Avallone, The temporal trend in bromine based on in situ measurements of BrO in the Arctic from 1989 to 2000,
poster presented at the Arctic Ozone Loss Workshop, Potsdam, Germany, March
2002.
Toohey, D.W., and L.M. Avallone, A comparison of in situ and remote measurements
of ClO in the perturbed polar vortex, talk presented at the Spring American Geophysical Union Meeting, Washington, DC; May 2002.
Varnes, E.S. and B.M. Jakosky, Biological potential of martian hydrothermal systems,
2nd Astrobiology Science Conf., Ames Res. Ctr., 2002.
Varnes, E.S. and B.M. Jakosky, Potential chemosynthetic energy yields from martian
hydrothermal systems, Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., Houston, 2002.
72
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Vassiliadis, D., R.S. Weigel, A.J. Klimas, S. Fung, S.G. Kanekal, R.A. Mewaldt, D.N.
Baker, and E.J. Rigler, New results on the structure and dynamics of the radiation
belts, COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Houston, TX, 10-19 October, 2002.
Vassiliadis, D., R.S. Wiegel, A.J. Klimas, S.F. Fung, S.G. Kanekal, D.N. Baker, E.J.
Rigler, and R.H. Friedel, Structure of the outer zone in the electron radiation belt,
Spring AGU meeting, Washington, DC, 31 May 2002.
Woods, T. N., F. G. Eparvier, D. Woodraska, G. J. Rottman, S. C. Solomon, R. Roble,
G. de Toma, J. Lean, W. K. Tobiska, and S. M. Bailey, Early results from the
TIMED Solar EUV Experiment (SEE), Am. Geophy. Union , 83, S242, 2002.
Woods, T. N., F. G. Eparvier, D. Woodraska, S. M. Bailey, and S. C. Solomon, Solar
EUV irradiance variability results from the TIMED Solar EUV Experiment, Am.
Geophy. Union , 83,(47), SA61A-06 INVITED, 2002.
Woods, T. N., F. G. Eparvier, G. J. Rottman, D. L. Judge,D. R. McMullin, J. L. Lean, J.
T. Mariska, H. P. Warren, G. D. Berthiaume, S. M. Bailey, R. A. Viereck, W. K. Tobiska, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, and J. J. Sojka, Overview of the SDO Extreme ultraviolet
Variability Experiment (EVE), Am. Geophy. Union , 83,(47), SH21C-02 INVITED,
2002.
Yau, A.W., Takumi Abe, Harry L. Collin, Chris M. Cully, Eric F. Donovan, William K.
Peterson, Low-energy and Energetic Ion Outflows in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere
(M-I) Coupling, Western Pacific Geophysical Meeting, Wellington, New Zealand
July 9-12, 2002.
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2002 Activity Report
CONTRACTS AWARDED
Avallone, Linnea
Measurements of Total Water and carbon dioxide from the
NAS WB-57 during Crystal-Face
Avallone, Linnea
In Situ measurements of halogen oxides in the troposphere
Avallone, Linnea
Measurements of total water and carbon dioxide during
Crystal-Face
Bagenal, Frances
Jupiter Book Publishing
Bagenal, Frances
Analysis of MGS magnetometer data and comparison with
models of Mars’ magnetic field and solar wind interactions
Bagenal, Frances
New Horizon Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission
Frances Bagenal
Analysis of MGS Magnetometer data/comparisons with
models of Mars' magnetic field and solar wind interaction
Bagenal, Frances
Interdisciplinary study of the Io plasma torus
Baker, Daniel N.
Space weather specifying outer belt electrons by data assimilation
Baker, Daniel N.
GGS (CEPPAD)
Baker, Daniel N.
SAMPEX – Data Analysis
Baker, Daniel N.
Predicting Radiation Belt Electrons using Adaptive ARMA
filters and data assimilation
Baker, Daniel N.
CLUSTER Data Analysis Program
Baker, Daniel N.
The Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling
Baker, Daniel N.
MESSENGER mission to orbit Mercury
Baker, Daniel N.
Solar cycle dynamics of solar magnetospheric and heliospheric particles and long term atmospheric coupling
Colwell, Joshua
SOA development support, testing and documentation
Colwell, Joshua
Physics of regolith impacts in microgravity experiment
(PRIME)
74
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Colwell, Joshua
Dust dynamics in photoelectron layers near surfaces in space
Colwell, Joshua
Collisions into Dust – 2
Davis, Randal
ICESat Mission Operations Delta Costs for the New Nominal
Program
Emery, William
Ocean wind and land surface student satellite (OWLS3)
Ergun, Robert
FAST Satellite operations and data analysis
Ergun, Robert
Investigation of radio tomography imaging of the magnetosphere
Ergun, Robert
Modeling of parallel electric fields in the aurora
Ergun, Robert
GEM: Self-consistent characterization of parallel electric
fields in the lower magnetosphere
Ergun, Robert
Time history of events and their macroscopic interactions
during substorms (THEMIS)
Ergun, Robert
Origins of nonlinear wave structures and particle heating in
current driven plasmas
Esposito, Larry
Atmospheric modeling and infrared observations of a transiting extrasolar planet
Esposito, Larry
Photometric analysis of the Jovian ring system and modeling
of ring origin and evolution
Esposito, Larry
Cassini mission operations and data analysis
Esposito, Larry
Photometry and evolution of the Jovian ring
Grimm, Robert
Lithospheric dynamics of mars: Water, flow, and failure
Horanyi, Mihaly
Cycle 11 General Observer
Horanyi, Mihaly
Fundamentals of dusty plasma
Horanyi, Mihaly
Electrostatic discharges near the Martian surface
Horanyi, Mihaly
Cassini CDA investigations
Horanyi, Mihaly
Student Dust Counter (SDC)
75
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Jakosky, Bruce
Center for Astrobiology
Jakosky, Bruce
Remote sensing and geochemistry of planetary surfaces
Jakosky, Bruce
Mars Data Analysis Program for Mars Global Surveyor
Jakosky, Bruce
Physical properties of potential Mars landing sites
Jakosky, Bruce
Mars Odyssey Project Science Group
Jakosky, Bruce
Astrobiology Institute, University of Colorado Center for
Astrobiology
Jakosky, Bruce
Mars Odyssey THEMIS Co-Investigator
Jakosky, Bruce
Characterization of Martian surface physical properties
Jakosky, Bruce
Interdisciplinary Scientist for Surface-atmosphere interactions
Jakosky, Bruce
2001 Mars Orbiter Thermal Emission Imaging System
(THEMIS)
Jakosky, Bruce
Remote sensing of planetary surfaces
Jakosky, Bruce
Mars Global Surveyor mission for surface-atmosphere interactions
Kopp, Greg
Liquid Crystal intensity modulator
Lee, Steven W.
Mars color imager (MARCI) for the Mars Climate Orbiter
mission
Lee, Steven W.
Multi-decade observations of Martian surface variability and
sediment transport
Lee, Steven W.
Ozone, condensates, and dust in the Martian atmosphere
Li, Xinlin
Source of radiation belt electrons
Li, Xinlin
Energization and loss of outer radiation belt electrons
Li, Xinlin
Solar wind fluctuations and their consequences on the magnetosphere
76
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Li, Xinlin
Detailed study of the magnetic storms selected for GEM inner magnetosphere and storms campaign
McClintock, William MESSENGER; The atmospheric surface composition spectrometer (ASCS)
McCollom, Thomas
Pathways for the Abiotic formation of Organic Compounds
in Geologic Environments
McGrath, Michael
Student Dust Detector review supplement
Mellon, Michael
Distribution of near-surface ground ice on Mars
Mellon, Michael
Geophysics of martian periglacial processes
Mellon, Michael
High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) for
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter - 2005
Mellon, Michael
High resolution thermal inertia of Mars
Mellon, Michael
Mars Subsurface Sounding Radar Characterization Experiments
Ohtsuki, Keiji
Dynamical Evolution of Ring-Satellite Systems
Ohtsuki, Keiji
Formation and dynamical evolution of planets
Ohtsuki, Keiji
Origin and evolution of irregular satellites
Pappalardo, Robert
Characteristics and Consequences of Faulting on Ganymede
and Europa
Pappalardo, Robert
Astrobiological and geological implications of Diaprie transport with Europa and Ganymede
Peterson, William
POLAR/TIMAS Operations and Data Analysis
Peterson, William
Investigation of H+ and O+ outflows from the Earth’s atmosphere
Peterson, William
Discipline scientist in the Sun-Earth connection division
Peterson, William
Discipline in the Sun-Earth Connection Division
Pryor, Wayne
Ultraviolet studies of Jupiter’s hydrocarbons and aerosols
from Galileo
77
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Randall, Cora
Assimilation of ozone data sets
Randall, Cora
Use of POAM III data in the SOLVE-2 campaign
Randall, Cora
Validation of POAM III data
Rottman, Gary
UARS SOLSTICE continued operations
Rottman, Gary
EOS SOLSTICE
Rottman, Gary
SORCE launch delay
Rusch, David
Aeronomy of ice in the mesosphere (AIM)
Rusch, David
An investigation of the effect of solar variability and particle
ionization on the Earth’s middle atmosphere
Schneider, Nicholas
Jupiter Magnetospheric Explorer
Schneider, Nicholas
Satellite Atmosphere and Io Torus Observations
Simmons, Karen
Voyager 2 PPS data archiving
Solomon, Stan
Energy transfer in the thermosphere and mesosphere
Stewart, Glen
Dynamical Models of Solar System Formation and Evolution
Stewart, Glen
Evolution of protoplanetary disks near the snowline
Stewart, Glen
Dynamics of planetesimals and planetary accretion
Stewart, Glen
The physics of structures in self-gravitating, collisional rings
Stewart, Ian
Jovian auroral chemistry
Stewart, Ian
UV spectrometer investigation – Galileo orbiter
Stewart, Ian
UVS/EUV participation in Galileo Europa mission (GEM)
and Galileo prime mission
Su, Yi-Jiun
Cusp dynamics – particle acceleration by Alfven waves
Thomas, Gary
Polar Mesospheric Cloud Studies
Toon, Brian
Investigations of clouds on Venus, Mars, and Titan
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University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Toon, Brian
The properties of clouds in the atmospheres of early Earth,
Mars, and Titan
Toon, Brian
Cold saline springs in permafrost on Earth and Mars
Toon, Brian
Investigations of desert dust and smoke in the North Atlantic
in support of the TOMS instrument
Toon, Brian
Investigations of clouds and aerosols in the stratosphere and
upper troposphere
Toon, Brian
Influence of nucleation mechanisms on the radioactive properties of deep convective clouds and subvisible cirrus in
Crystal/Face
Toon, Brian
Modeling the environmental effects of large impacts on Mars
Toon, Brian
Particles in reducing atmospheres: Applications to Earth and
Titan
Weiss, John
The physics of structure in self-gravitating, collisional rings
Woods, Thomas N.
TIMED (SEE) Phase E
Woods, Thomas N.
Phase A Study for the Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory
(SDO)
Proposals Submitted
Laila Anderson
Micro physics of the downward current region of the aurora
Linnea Avallone
Improvements to in situ measurements of ice water content
using tunable diode laser spectroscopy
Frances Bagenal
Mass and energy glow through the Io plasma torus
Frances Bagenal
Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling at Earth and Jupiter
Similarities and Differences
Daniel Baker
Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling
Daniel Baker
The self-organized critical plasma sheet and substorm onset
79
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Daniel Baker
Radiation belt specification and forecasting with data assimilation
Joshua Colwell
Experimental studies of low velocity impacts into regolith
Joshua Colwell
Collisions into Dust Experiment – 3 (Fluids)
Joshua Colwell
ICAPS American Co-Investigator support
Joshua Colwell
Experimental and numerical studies of low velocity impacts in
protoplanetary disks
Joshua Colwell
SOA Development support, testing and documentation
Joshua Colwell
Mechanical behavior and charging properties of granular
materials in space environments
Randal Davis
QuikSCAT – Year 4
Peter Delamere
Variability of Mass loss from Io: Chemical and physical evolution of the Io Torus
Peter Delamere
In-space propulsion technologies Cycle 2
Peter Delamere
SKID-X: The interaction between parallel electric fields and
the transport of energy and momentum in space plasmas
Scott Elkington
GEM: Transport and trapping of energetic plasma sheet electrons in the outer zone radiation belts
Robert Ergun
GEM: Self-consistent characterization of parallel electric fields
in the lower magnetosphere
Robert Ergun
Development of light-weight wire booms and sensors for
electric field measurement on space plasma missions
Robert Ergun
FAST Satellite operations and data analysis
Robert Ergun
Time history of events and their macroscopic interactions
during substorms (THEMIS)
Stefan Ericksson
Lobe cell convection and polar cap precipitation
Mihaly Horanyi
Jupiter’s Ring Plan Crossing of 2002-2003
Mihaly Horanyi
New Horizon Dust Detector
80
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Bruce Jakosky
Mars Global Surveyor – Mars Data Analysis Program
Bruce Jakosky
IT Support – Center for Astrobiology
Bruce Jakosky
Physical properties of potential Mars landing sites
Xinlin Li
Dynamics of radiation belt electrons associated with solar
wind variations
Xinlin Li
Radial transport and precipitation loss of outer belt electrons
William McClintock Atmospheric Surface Composition Spectrometer (ASCS) for
MESSENGER
William McClintock
A large-format ultraviolet array detector for ozone spectroscopy
Thomas McCollom
Experimental study of Geochemical processing of prebiotic
organic compounds on the early Earth, mars and meteorites
Thomas McCollom
Experimental investigation of organic synthesis in submarine
hydrothermal systems
Thomas McCollom
Acquisition of a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system for laboratory study of prebiotic organic processes on the
early Earth, mars and meteorites
Michael Mellon
SHARAD: Mars subsurface sounding radar characterization
experiments, theory, and mission support
Michael Mellon
Experimental studies of low velocity impacts into regolith
Michael Mills
Comparisons of multi-dimensional numerical simulations of
ambient and volcanic stratospheric aerosols with satellite observations
Keiji Ohtsuki
Collisional evolution of small icy bodies
Robert Pappalardo
Astrobiological and geological implications of convective
transport in icy outer planet satellites
Robert Pappalardo
Improved calibration and rectification of Galileo NIMS data
for the four Galilean satellites and Selected Scientific Analyses
Robert Pappalardo
Collisional evolution of small icy bodies
81
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Robert Pappalardo
Analysis of structural evolution of grooved terrain on Ganymede using physical analog methods
Cora Randall
Comparisons of multi-dimensional numerical simulations of
ambient and volcanic stratospheric aerosols with satellite observations
Cora Randall
Occultation data inter-comparison and evaluation
Cora Randall
Reconstruction of global 3-D ozone fields using solar occultation data
Cora Randall
Solar occultation retrieval algorithm development
Cora Randall
Stellar occultation measurements: a new application of spatial
heterodyne spectroscopy for determining atmospheric composition
Cora Randall
Validation of POAM III Data
Cora Randall
use of POAM III data in the SOLVE-2 campaign
Gary Rottman
Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
Gary Rottman
Operations for SORCE/ICESAT launch overlap
Gary Rottman
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)
David W. Rusch
Sun-Earth connection instrument development
David W. Rusch
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) Small Explorer
Program (SMEX)
David W. Rusch
Stellar occultation measurements: A new application of spatial
heterodyne spectroscopy for determining atmospheric composition
David W. Rusch
Development of high spatial-resolution 3-dimensional hypertomographic retrievals using space-based remote sensing
observations
Nicholas Schneider
Satellite atmosphere and Io torus observations
Nicholas Schneider
From Io’s atmosphere to the plasma torus
Glen Stewart
Dynamics of planetesimals and planetary accretion
82
University of Colorado
2002 Activity Report
Glen Stewart
Dynamical models of solar system formation and evolution
Glen Stewart
Evolution of protoplanetary disks near the snowline
Stein Sture
Mechanics of granular materials (MGM)
Gary Thomas
Solar-induced variations in Polar Mesospheric Clouds: Comparisons with terrestrial influences
Gary Thomas
Polar Mesospheric cloud properties determined from SBUV
and SBUV/2 measurements
Brian Toon
Interdisciplinary studies of aerosols and clouds
Tom Woods
Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) for the Solar
Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
83