Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
DOI 10.1007/s12230-012-9239-2
Owyhee Russet: A Variety with High Yields of U.S. No. 1
Tubers, Excellent Processing Quality, and Moderate
Resistance to Fusarium Dry Rot (Fusarium solani
var. coeruleum)
S. Yilma & M. I. Vales & B. A. Charlton & D. C. Hane &
S. R. James & C. C. Shock & A. R. Mosley & D. Culp &
E. Feibert & L. Leroux & E. Karaagac & N. R. Knowles &
M. J. Pavek & J. C. Stark & R. G. Novy &
J. L. Whitworth & J. J. Pavek & D. L. Corsini &
T. L. Brandt & N. Olsen & C. R. Brown
Published online: 21 March 2012
# Potato Association of America 2012
Abstract Owyhee Russet (AO96160-3) originated from a
cross between A89384-10 and A89512-3 in 1996. Owyhee
Russet was released in 2009 by Oregon State University, in
cooperation with the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho and Washington and is a product
of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development
Program. Owyhee Russet has semi-erect medium sized
vines with medium to late maturity. The tubers are long,
with a tan skin, medium russeting, and attractive tuber
appearance for fresh market. Owyhee Russet was evaluated
in several locations across the Northwest for more than
15 years. Total yield of Owyhee Russet is similar to that
of Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet but significantly
higher than Russet Norkotah. U.S. No.1 tuber yield of
Owyhee Russet is significantly higher than Russet Burbank
and Russet Norkotah, resulting in substantially higher
S. Yilma (*) : E. Karaagac
Oregon State University,
Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
e-mail: Solomon.Yilma@oregonstate.edu
J. C. Stark
University of Idaho, Twin Falls R & E Center,
Twin Falls, ID 83303 14, USA
M. I. Vales
ICRISAT,
Patancheru 502324, A.P., India
R. G. Novy : J. L. Whitworth
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service
(ARS), Aberdeen Research & Extension (R & E) Center,
Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA
B. A. Charlton : D. Culp
Oregon State University, Klamath Basin R & E Center,
Klamath Falls, OR 97603, USA
D. C. Hane : S. R. James : A. R. Mosley : L. Leroux
Retired from Oregon State University,
Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
C. C. Shock : E. Feibert
Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station,
Ontario, OR 97914, USA
N. R. Knowles : M. J. Pavek
Washington State University,
Pullman, WA 99164, USA
J. J. Pavek : D. L. Corsini
USDA-ARS,
Aberdeen, ID 83210 17, USA
T. L. Brandt : N. Olsen
University of Idaho, Kimberly R & E Center,
Kimberly, ID 83341, USA
C. R. Brown
USDA-ARS,
Prosser, WA 99350 16, USA
176
marketable yield. Owyhee Russet tubers have significantly
higher specific gravity than Russet Burbank and Russet
Norkotah. Fry color following tuber storage at 4°C and 9°C
is significantly lighter for Owyhee Russet than the comparison
varieties. Relative strengths include high yield with a very
high proportion of U.S. No.1 tubers, good tuber appearance
and excellent processing quality, resistance to cold sweetening, common scab and Fusarium dry rot. Weaknesses include
susceptibility to foliar and tuber late blight and susceptibility
to metribuzin herbicide injury. Allelic patterns of five SSR
markers have shown that Owyhee Russet has a distinctive
DNA genetic fingerprint from its russet type reference varieties which are Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, and Russet
Norkotah.
Resumen Owyhee Russet (AO96160-3) se originó de la
cruza entre A89384-10 y A89512-3 en 1996. Owyhee Russet se liberó en 2009 por la Universidad Estatal de Oregon,
en cooperación con el USDA-ARS y las Estaciones Agrícolas Experimentales de Idaho y Washington y es un producto del Programa de Desarrollo de Variedades de Papa del
Noroeste (Tres Estados). Owyhee Russet tiene tallos semierectos de tamaño intermedio con madurez de intermedia a
tardía. Los tubérculos son largos, con piel color café ligero,
medio escamada y de apariencia atractiva para el mercado
fresco. Se evaluó en varias localidades a lo largo del noroeste por mas de 15 años. Su rendimiento total es similar al
de Russet Burbank y Ranger Russet, pero significativamente más alto que el de Russet Norkotah. El rendimiento
de tubérculo U.S. No. 1 de Owyhee Russet es significativamente mayor que el de Russet Burbank y Russet Norkotah,
lo que resulta en substancialmente mas alto rendimiento
comercial. Los tubérculos de Owyhee Russet tienen significativamente más gravedad específica que Russet Burbank
y Russet Norkotah. El color del freído después del almacenamiento a 4°C y 9°C es significativamente mas claro para
Owyhee Russet que para las variedades de referencia. Las
fortalezas relativas incluyen alto rendimiento con una muy
alta proporción de tubérculos U.S. 1, buena apariencia de
tubérculos y excelente calidad de procesamiento, resistencia
al endulzado por frío, roña común, y la pudrición seca por
Fusarium. Las debilidades incluyen susceptibilidad al tizón
tardío del follaje y del tubérculo y a daño por el herbicida
metribuzin. Los patrones alélicos de cinco marcadores SSR
han mostrado que Owyhee Russet tiene una huella genética de
ADN distintiva de sus variedades de referencia tipo russet que
son Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, y Russet Norkotah.
Keywords Solanum tuberosum . Breeding . Variety .
Processing . Common scab resistance . Fusarium dry rot
resistance
Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
Introduction
Owyhee Russet (AO96160-3) originated from a cross
made in 1996 by J. Pavek (USDA/ARS, Aberdeen, ID)
between A89384-10 and A89512-3 (Fig. 1). Both
parents shared Lemhi Russet, in their pedigree, which
is a processing variety released in 1980 (Pavek et al.
1981). Owyhee Russet, tested as AO96160-3, was selected from single hills planted in Powell Butte, OR, in
1998. After three years of increase and preliminary evaluations, it was included in replicated Oregon statewide
trials from 1999 through 2002. Breeder seed was initially multiplied at the Central Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station at Powell Butte. It entered Tri-State (OR,
ID, WA) evaluations in 2003 and Western U.S. regional
evaluations in 2004. The name Owyhee is selected in
references to the Owyhee River which is a tributary of
the Snake River located in northern Nevada, southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon. Owyhee Russet is a
product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.
Cultivar Description
Plants, flowers, leaf, tubers and tuber sprout of Owyhee
Russet are shown in Fig. 2.
Plants: medium height, semi-erect; stems weakly pigmented; medium stem wings; mid-season maturity (approx.
120 days after planting).
Leaves: Compound leaves are medium green (137B on
the Royal Horticulture Society Color Chart-RHSCC) with
an average of four pairs of primary leaflets and 4.2 pairs of
secondary and tertiary leaflets. Leaf silhouette open; midribs
and petioles not pigmented. Terminal leaflets: medium
ovate; tip acuminate; base obtuse; slight wavy margins.
Primary leaflets: small; shape narrowly ovate; tip acuminate;
base obtuse, asymmetrical.
Flowers: Profuse flowering, violet corolla (82 C on
RHSCC); pentagonal shape; bright yellow anthers (17 C
on RHSCC); anther shape loose, flower buds weakly pigmented; calyx moderately pigmented; Male fertile with some
pollen production. There is no berry production under field
conditions.
Tubers: oblong to long; tan colored skin (164B on
RHSCC); shallow eyes, evenly distributed; absent prominent
eyebrows; white flesh; medium tuber set.
Sprouts: Sprout base: conical; blue-violet; strong pubescent, strongly pigmented; Tip habit: intermediate; strong
pubescent, strongly pigmented; some root initials.
Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
177
Fig. 1 Pedigree of Owyhee
Russet
Agronomic Performance
Tuber Quality Characteristics and Usage
Total yield for Owyhee Russet is similar to that of Russet
Burbank and Ranger Russet but significantly higher than
Russet Norkotah (Table 1). U.S. No. 1 tuber yield of Owyhee Russet is significantly higher than Russet Burbank and
Russet Norkotah, resulting in substantially more yield of
marketable quality potatoes (Table 1). Owyhee Russet produced higher yield of marketable tubers between 114 to
340 g in Oregon state wide trials from 2003 to 2006 at four
locations (Table 2) when compared with Russet Burbank
and Russet Norkotah. Owyhee Russet showed fewer culls,
yields of tubers <114 g, and U.S. No. 2 categories when
compared with the controls (Table 2). Owyhee Russet with
its attractive tubers and high proportion of U.S. No. 1
marketable yield would also be suitable for fresh market.
Processing Characteristics
Fig. 2 Photographs of Owyhee
Russet a) whole plant; b) leaf;
c) flower d) tubers; and e) light
sprouts
Owyhee Russet produces tubers with significantly higher
specific gravity than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah.
A summary of fry color in the western regional trials over
3 years shows that Owyhee Russet had the lighter fry color
when compared to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank at
two different storage temperatures (Table 3). The tubers of
Owyhee Russet and the control varieties, Russet Burbank
and Ranger Russet grown in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho
were used to evaluate fry color using a Photovolt reflectance
meter. The fry color was compared between the tuber’s stem
and bud end. Uniform fry color (defined as a change in light
reflectance ≤9 units between the stem and bud ends) was
178
Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
Table 1 Tuber yields of Owyhee Russet compared to those of Russet
Burbank, Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah in Western Regionala
trials from 2004–2006
Variety
Total yield
(mt/ha)
U.S. #1 yieldb
(mt/ha)
U.S.#1
%
Owyhee Russet
64.1
55.0
85.0
Russet Burbank
65.5
39.6
61.0
Ranger Russet
Russet Norkotah
64.5
47.9
50.4
38.8
78.0
81.0
Mean
60.4
46.0
76.0
1.7
5.2
2.2
5.4
11.0
5.0
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)
a
Western Regional variety trials were conducted at 8 locations in
California, Colorado, Oregon, Idaho and Washington
b
US#1 yield considering only tubers greater than 114 g
obtained with Owyhee Russet grown in Washington and
Idaho. Owyhee Russet had lower differential stem/bud light
reflectance readings compared to the standard cultivars
Table 2 Average total yield,
U.S.1 yield, and tuber size
distribution of Owyhee Russet,
Russet Norkotah, and Russet
Burbank at four locations in
Oregon State Wide Trials from
2003 to 2006
Fisher’s LSD (Least Significant
Difference): significant at
P<0.05; ns – not significant
Post-Harvest Processing Evaluations Rating scores from
evaluations that include fry color, reducing sugar concentrations, specific gravity, and sensory evaluations of
fried product by taste panel evaluators showed that
Total yield (mt/ha)
Tuber size distribution (mt/ha)
Total
U.S. No. 1
<114 g
114–340 g
>340 g
U.S. No. 2
Culls
Russet Burbank
Russet Norkotah
Owyhee Russet
59.4
50.5
55.2
34.1
42.3
47.0
6.2
5.7
2.3
27.5
25.1
32.8
8.2
16.6
14.3
14.4
3.8
2.0
4.7
2.1
0.5
Mean
LSD (0.05)
Ontario, OR
55.0
3.7
41.2
3.7
4.7
1.5
28.5
3.5
13.0
2.7
6.7
3.0
2.4
1.4
Russet Burbank
Russet Norkotah
Owyhee Russet
Mean
a
LSD (0.05)
Hermiston, OR
Russet Burbank
Russet Norkotah
Owyhee Russet
Mean
a
LSD (0.05)
Corvallis, OR
Russet Burbank
61.7
42.8
59.8
54.8
4.8
27.9
35.8
51.5
38.4
4.7
5.6
4.4
5.4
5.1
0.9
47.6
37.9
54.5
46.7
4.6
5.9
9.3
9.9
8.4
2.8
19.8
2.1
2.9
8.3
1.6
7.8
0.5
0.0
2.8
3.1
61.7
58.9
67.4
62.7
7.2
42.5
45.4
51.3
46.4
ns
15.5
11.7
12.3
13.2
3.5
41.2
42.7
47.3
43.7
ns
1.3
2.7
4.0
2.7
2.1
2.7
1.2
2.2
2.0
ns
1.6
0.6
1.0
1.1
ns
56.0
30.9
1.8
16.7
14.2
18.7
4.6
Russet Norkotah
Owyhee Russet
Mean
a
LSD (0.05)
46.9
57.1
53.3
5.2
36.8
38.9
35.6
6.3
1.3
1.8
1.7
0.4
14.5
17.9
16.4
2.6
22.3
21.0
19.2
5.6
3.0
2.0
7.9
1.8
1.6
0.2
2.2
2.6
Cultivar
Klamath Falls, OR
a
a
(Table 4). Owyhee Russet showed consistently lower differences in the percent reducing sugars between the bud
and stem end compared to the standard cultivars. Percent
glucose in Owyhee Russet remains low in storage, peak
concentrations were 0.05% fresh weight(FW) at 5.6°C,
and <0.02% FW at 7.2°C and 8.9°C in two years of
testing showing it has resistant to cold sweetening
(Fig. 3). Percent sucrose was similar to slightly lower in
Owyhee Russet than in Russet Burbank, ranging from a
high of 0.12% to a low of 0.07% FW. Stem end fry color
remained at ≤USDA 1 throughout the 9-month storage
period at the 5.5°C and 8.9°C, ≤ USDA 2 at 7.2°C over
two storage seasons (Table 4). Mottling, a dark, uneven
coloration which can occur in fried products, scored at a
moderate to mild level at 5.6°C, and mild to none at
7.2°C and 8.9°C.
Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
179
Table 3 Tuber specific gravity French fry color and dry matter of
Owyhee Russet, Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Russet Norkotah
Specific
gravitya
Fry color (4°C)b
Fry color (9°C)b
Owyhee Russet
1.089
2.49
0.7
Russet Burbank
Ranger Russet
1.079
1.088
3.59
3.08
1.6
1.5
Russet Norkotah
1.073
_
1.8
Mean
CV (%)
1.082
0.475
3.05
20.15
1.4
46.5
LSD (0.05)
0.003
0.60
0.4
Variety
a
Specific gravity data from Western Regional potato variety trials
grown in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Colorado, and California from
2004–06
Idaho, and Oregon and then evaluated under uniform
conditions at Pullman, Washington. The evaluations
showed that Owyhee Russet is the highest rated cultivar
regardless of where the tubers were grown.
Internal and External Defects
Owyhee Russet tubers are less susceptible to growth cracks,
second growth, hollow heart/brown center, blackspot bruise
and internal brown spot than Russet Burbank tubers. However, the percentage of Owyhee Russet tubers with vascular
discoloration seems higher than Russet Burbank, the values
are not significantly different (Table 6).
b
French fry color of tubers stored at 4°C (40°F) and 9°C (48°F)
sampled from the Western Regional potato variety trials. USDA color
chart [0 (lightest) – 4 (darkest)]
Owyhee Russet had the highest average score compared
to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank (Table 5). These
ratings were done on samples grown in Washington,
Biochemical Composition
The biochemical composition of Owyhee Russet is very similar (not significantly different) to that of Russet Burbank
(Table 7). Both dextrose and sucrose levels were lower than
Russet Burbank as described in detail above in storage trials.
Vitamin C levels were slightly higher than the control variety
Table 4 Post-harvest ratings of Owyhee Russet, Ranger Russet, and Russet Burbank following 7 months of storage (3 months at 8.9°C and
4 months at 6.7°C). Sprouting was measured following 59 days of storage at 8.9°C
Clone
Photovolt readinga
Differenceb:
Stem
Bud
Avg.
Stem vs. Bud Bud
41.0
23.3
28.8
47.2
32.0
38.2
44.1c
27.6a
33.5b
7.5a
9.1a
9.9a
45.4
31.2
31.6
47.5
39.5
42.0
46.4b
35.4a
36.8a
33.4
18.7
20.2
45.1
32.7
37.5
39.2b
25.7a
28.9a
USDA color ratingc
% reducing sugarsd
Sprouting
Stem
Bud
Avg.
% of tubers
Sprout length (mm)
0.0
2.0
0.7
0.73
1.94
1.31
0.48
1.10
0.61
0.60
1.52
0.96
76.8b
93.0b
6.8a
14.3
15.9
2.4
4.3a
8.9b
11.4b
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.72
1.39
1.40
0.53
0.72
0.66
0.63
1.05
1.03
46.8b
56.8b
1.8a
4.8
5.6
0.8
11.8a
14.2ab
17.3b
0.3
2.7
2.3
1.55
3.89
2.56
0.73
1.10
0.92
1.14
2.49
1.74
63.3b
85.0c
25.0a
11.9
20.6
1.6
Washington
Owyhee Russet
Ranger Russet
Russet Burbank
Idaho
Owyhee Russet
Ranger Russet
Russet Burbank
Oregon
Owyhee Russet
Ranger Russet
Russet Burbank
All post-harvest evaluations and ratings were conducted at Pullman, WA in 2003–2006 using tubers from trials at Aberdeen, ID, Hermiston, OR,
and Othello, WA
a
Tuber strips (3/8″×1 1/8″) were fried at 191°C for 3.5 minutes and color was measured with a Photovolt reflectance meter within 3 minutes of
removal from oil. A Photovolt reading of ≤19 is considered unacceptably dark (see note c below). Within a state, means followed by different letters
differed significantly (LSD, P<0.05)
b
A difference of ≥9 Photovolt units between bud and stem end constitutes non-uniform fry color. Values represent an average of actual Photovolt
differences in each of three years and therefore do not relate directly to averaged stem and bud values listed in the table
c
USDA color (00light and 40dark) ratings were assigned based upon Photovolt reflectance readings of the darkest ends of fries (typically stem
ends); Photovolt readings ≥310USDA 0, 25–300USDA 1, 20–240USDA 2, 15–190USDA 3, ≤140USDA 4. Data are averaged over years
d
Reducing sugars (dry matter basis) were assayed by the dinitrophenol method of Ross (1959)
180
Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
Fig. 3 Tuber glucose
concentrations of Owyhee
Russet relative to Russet
Burbank, following 0 to
260 days of storage at 5.6°C,
7.2°C, and 8.9°C. Average of
three storage seasons
5.6°C
0.25
7.2°C
8.9°C
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
25
20
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
50
0
25
20
15
10
50
0
25
20
0
15
10
50
0
Days After Harvest
Russet Burbank
Owyhee Russet
08-09
07-08
(Table 7). The total glycoalkaloid levels were similar to the
control variety.
Disease and Herbicide Reactions
Disease trials with Owyhee Russet and Russet Burbank
were conducted in Corvallis, Oregon and Kimberly and
Aberdeen, Idaho. Results show that Owyhee Russet is more
resistant than Russet Burbank to dry rot and slightly more
resistant to soft rot, but is more susceptible to common scab.
These and other fungal caused diseases as well as oomycete
and viral caused diseases are listed in Table 8.
Bacterial Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) trials were
conducted at Aberdeen, Idaho utilizing naturally occurring
field inoculum and were rated visually for scab incidence,
lesion type, and surface area covered. The incidence of
serious defects was calculated from the number of tubers
with a lesion type rating of 3 or higher representing lesions
that were ≥0.6 cm and were raised or pitted (0–5 scale where
00no lesions). Owyhee Russet is slightly, but not significantly,
more susceptible to common scab when lesion type is compared to Russet Burbank and Owyhee is moderately resistant
to serious scab.
Soft rot trials were done with tubers collected from replicated field plots. These tubers were washed and wounded
by tumbling them in a rotating drum lined with a thinly
padded (0.6 cm) medium abrasive cloth. They were then
inoculated with Pectobacterium atrosepticum by dipping
them in a diluted solution at 6×104 cells/ml. The tubers
were then put into a 10°C storage for one week, then
rehydrated by submersing in water for 5 min, and then
placed in a mist chamber with 100% RH at 20–22°C for
approximately one week after which they were evaluated
based on the amount of rot present. Owyhee Russet appears
to have a slightly higher resistance to soft rot compared to
Russet Burbank, although the difference is not significant
and both are considered susceptible to soft rot (Table 8).
Table 6 Internal and external tuber defects for Owyhee Russet and
Russet Burbank
Defectsa
Table 5 Mean post-harvest ratings of Owyhee Russet, Ranger Russet,
and Russet Burbank in full-season studies included in the 2003–2006
Western Regional Potato Variety Trials
Owyhee Russet
Ranger Russet
Russet Burbank
Washington
Idaho
Oregon
3 state mean
30.7
24.0
21.9
29.1
27.3
19.8
26.1
16.9
12.8
28.6
22.7
18.1
Post-harvest evaluations and ratings were conducted at Pullman, WA
using tubers from trials at Aberdeen, ID, Hermiston, OR, and Othello,
WA. Values were assigned based on the sum of individual ratings for
fry color from the field, and after storage at 8.9 and 6.7°C (59 days; 0–
5 scale), reducing sugar concentrations following 59 days storage at
8.9 and 6.7°C (1–5 scale), specific gravity (0–5 scale), and average
sensory evaluations by taste panels (1–5 scale). The post-harvest
ratings indicated above are out of the highest possible value of 38.
Higher values are indicative of superior post-harvest attributes
07-08
09-10
Owyhee Russet
Russet Burbank
Growth cracksb
4.9
4.2
Second growthb
4.8
4.4
5.0
0.7
2.7
11.7
2.8
4.6
7.0
6.5
9.2
5.5
Shatter bruiseb,c
Blackspot bruiseb,c
Hollow heart/Brown centerd
Internal brown spotd
Vascular discolorationd,e
a
Data taken from Oregon statewide, Tri-State and Western Regional
trials conducted from 2001 to 2004
b
Rated using 1–5 scale where 10severe occurrence of the defect and
50no occurrence of the defect
c
Rating obtained following controlled bruising evaluations conducted
in laboratory
d
Rated as the percentage of tubers with hollow heart, internal brown
spot and vascular discoloration
e
LSD (0.05%) not significantly different
Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
181
Table 7 Biochemical composition of Owyhee Russet and Russet
Burbank tubers. Data were taken from 2004–2006 Aberdeen, Idaho trialsa
Component
Solids (%)
Glucosec (% FWB) b
Sucrosec (% FWB)b
Protein d(% DWB) a
Vitamin Ce (mg/100 g)
Glycoalkaloidsf (mg/100 g)
Owyhee Russet
Russet Burbank
21.73
20.20
0.08
0.15
6.20
24.70
3.10
0.11
0.16
5.00
23.20
3.10
a
Analyses were conducted on freeze-dried tuber tissue at Aberdeen,
ID; tissue was taken from tubers stored at 7.2°C for six weeks following their harvest
b
FWB0Fresh Weight Basis; DWB0Dry Weight Basis; Sucrose and
glucose values of 0.15% and 0.10% respectively are maximum values
for acceptable fry color in this evaluation, with glucose being the
greater contributor to fry color
c
Sugar concentrations were calculated according to glucose and sucrose
measurements in potatoes, Application Note No. 102, Scientific Division,
Yellow Springs Instrument Co., Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387(Ross 1959)
d
Protein content was determined using a Coomassie blue protein assay
developed from the protocol of Bradford (1976)
e
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content in tubers was determined using a
microfluorometric method detailed in the Official Methods of Analysis
Handbook, Horowitz, W. (Ed.). (2000)
f
Total glycoalkaloids was determined using the protocol of Bergers (1980)
Fungal Verticillium wilt trials were conducted at Aberdeen,
Idaho utilizing naturally occurring inocula and visual foliage
ratings (Corsini et al. 1988). Early blight (Alternaria solani)
trials were conducted at Aberdeen utilizing naturally occurring inocula and visual estimates were made of the leaf area
with typical lesions.
Dry rot evaluations were done at Aberdeen, Idaho with
washed tubers collected from replicated field trials. Dry rot
inocula from cultures of field collected isolates of Fusarium
sambucinum and F. solani var. coeruleum were used to
infect tubers by penetrating the skin to a depth of 0.6 cm
with the pins of a “wounding” tool initially dipped into a
solution with 1.7×105 conidia/ml. This tool is then used to
inoculate one end of the tuber with F. sambucinum and the
other end is inoculated with F.s.var. coeruleum in a similar
manner. Before and after inoculation, the tubers are kept in
10°C storage. Tubers were then cut and evaluated for dry rot
approximately four weeks post-inoculation. Two year averages indicate that compared with Russet Burbank, Owyhee
Russet is significantly more resistant to dry rot. In Owyhee
Russet, the level of dry rot caused by F.s. var. coeruleum is
noticeably lower compared to Russet Burbank and is rated
as moderatey resistant, while the rate of dry rot caused by F.
sambucinum is also lower, but matches the rate considered
susceptible for Russet Burbank. Both species of Fusarium
were predominant in Columbia Basin of Washington and
Oregon storage surveys in 2000 and 2001 (Ocamb et al.
2007), while F. sambucinum was predominant in Idaho
storages in 1986 (Corsini and Pavek 1986).
Oomycete Late blight evaluations were conducted at Corvallis, Oregon in 2006 by providing Phytophthora infestans
inoculum in favorable conditions for disease development
according to methods outlined in Mosley et al. 2003. Foliar
and tuber disease readings taken from these replicated plots
indicate that Owyhee Russet is susceptible to late blight at
the same level of Russet Burbank for both foliar and tuber
rot responses (Table 8).
Virus Trials for virus susceptibility using five hills per plot
with three replications were conducted at Kimberly, Idaho in
2006. Heavy virus pressure was created by mechanically
inoculating PVX and PVY and by placement of green peach
aphids (Myzus persicae) in PLRV infected spreader rows to
allow aphid transmission of both PLRV and PVY as described by Corsini et al. (1994). At harvest, ten tubers were
collected from each plot and grown out in a greenhouse.
Samples collected from these greenhouse plants were serologically tested (ELISA) for PVX, PVY, and PLRV to give
virus incidence. Owyhee Russet was susceptible to all three
viruses, but at a lower, but not significantly different rate for
PLRV compared to Russet Burbank. Typical mosaic symptoms were easily observed in the greenhouse during the post
harvest grow-out indicating that symptoms should be visible
from seed borne infections. Owyhee Russet was not tested
against individual strains of PVY. Inoculum used in the
2006 trial was from field collected isolates.
Herbicide Metribuzin is a commonly used herbicide on potato and Owyhee Russet is susceptible to metribuzin herbicide
injury (Table 8). Thus, herbicides other than metribuzin
should be used for weed control in Owyhee Russet fields.
Management
Owyhee Russet has been tested in replicated trials at more
than nine locations in the Northwest for more than five years
using standard management practices for Russet Burbank,
Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah. Owyhee Russet production could be optimized by conducting more production
research. A seed spacing trial conducted at Klamath Falls,
OR showed that 15 cm spacing between plants resulted in
the highest yields and the highest percent No.1 when managed for seed production. Owyhee Russet is a variety with
medium length dormancy, overall about 30 days shorter
than Russet Burbank. Two year averages indicate that,
Owyhee Russet has a dormancy of 95 days at 8.9°C,
110 days at 7.2°C and 145 days at 5.6°C.
182
Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
Table 8 Disease reactions of Owyhee Russet and Russet Burbank in trials conducted in Idaho and Oregon
Diseasea
Factor or type
Owyhee Russet
Ratingb
Reading
Verticillium wiltc
Early blight
foliar
Soft rotc
Dry rot:c
F. sol. var. coeruleum
7.0
5.5
2.7
1.6
c
Russet Burbank
S
S
S
MR
Reading
6.8
4.2
3.6
3.7
Rating
S
S
S
S
nsi
ns
ns
**
F. sambucinum
3.7
S
4.8
S
**
Common scab:c,d
lesion type
3.0
MS
2.0
MR
ns
Virus:e (%)
% serious defect
PVY
9.8
96.7
MR
S
3.7
96.7
R
S
*
ns
Late blight:
PVX
PLRV
foliarc
100.0
71.7
8.0
17.5
978.4
VS
S
S
S
S
S
100.0
100.0
8.0
15.0
987.7
VS
VS
S
S
S
VR
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tuberf (%)
AUDPCg
Metribuzinh
a
Data collected from trials grown in Aberdeen and Kimberly, Idaho, and Corvallis and Hermiston, OR (not all trials conducted at each location)
b
R0resistant, MR0moderately resistant, S0susceptible, VS0very susceptible
c
Scales: 1–9 for Verticillium wilt, Early blight and Late blight; 0–5 for soft rot, dry rot and common scab with highest number in both scales
equaling most severe symptoms
d
Common scab evaluations from Aberdeen, Idaho, 2005–2006. Serious defect defined as % of tubers with a 3 or higher reading with 30scab
lesions that are ≥0.6 cm or pitted
e
Based on ELISA readings from plants grown from daughter tubers collected at harvest from current season infected plants in 2006
f
Percentage of tubers with late blight symptoms, evaluated at Corvallis, OR in 2006
g
AUDPC0Area Under Disease Progress Curve
h
Herbicide evaluations made at Aberdeen, ID, in 2004–2006
i
Paired Student t-Test results for in-row comparisons for each disease; **p≤0.01 very significant, *p≤0.05 significant, ns-not significant
Genetic Fingerprinting
SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) Analysis: Five SSR markers
(Karaagac et al. 2010) have been used for DNA fingerprinting
of Owyhee Russet, Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet
Norkotah. Genomic DNA was obtained using the DNeasy 96
Plant Kit (Qiagen). Each SSR forward primer was modified
with a 5′ M13 extension. An additional M13 forward primer
was labelled with the fluorescent infrared dye IRD700 or 800
(LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA). PCR was
performed in a volume of 20 μL containing 15 ng of template
DNA, 1X PCR Buffer (Fermentas, Glen Burnie, MD), 200 μM
dNTPs, 30 pM of 700 or 800 IRDye-labeled M13 forward
primer (LI-COR Inc, Lincoln, NE) and 30 pM reverse primer,
20 pM forward SSR primer and 0.05 U/μL Taq DNA polymerase (Fermentas, Glen Burnie, MD). Cycling conditions
were 94°C 50 s, Ta (specific for each SSR marker) for 1 m,
72°C 50 s for 31 cycles. PCR products were separated by
electrophoresis on a 6.5% denaturing polyacrylamide gel with
a 4300 LI-COR DNA Analyzer system. SSR alleles were
detected and scored using SAGA Generation 2 software
(LI-COR).
Allelic patterns of five SSR markers have showed that
Owyhee Russet has different DNA fingerprint from its russet
type reference varieties which are Ranger Russet, Russet
Burbank and Russet Norkotah (Fig. 4). Out of 18 alleles
obtained with 5 SSR markers, Owyhee Russet shares 9 alleles
with Ranger Russet and 8 alleles with Russet Burbank and
Russet Norkotah. Owyhee Russet has STI001-177 bp,
STM1104-165 bp, and STM0003-145 bp alleles, which are
not present in the reference varieties.
Protection, Seed Availability and Licensing
Plant Variety Protection (PVP) has been requested for
‘Owyhee Russet’. Disease-free pre-nuclear plantlets and minitubers are available from the University of Idaho Tissue
Culture Laboratory. Based on an agreement between OSU,
the Oregon Potato Commission, and the Potato Variety
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Ranger Russet
183
Owyhee Russet
Marker-Allele size (bp)
Am. J. Pot Res (2012) 89:175–183
STI0012-183
STI0012-171
STI0012-168
Management Institute (PVMI), ‘Owyhee Russet’ has been
licensed to PVMI (Potato Variety Management Institute,
www.pvmi.org), a non-profit organization working on behalf
of the Tri-State Potato Breeding Program.
Acknowledgements The authors thank Jenny Reed, Robert Smith, Lori
Ewing, Margaret Bain, Nora Fuller, Zach Holden, and Brian Schneider for
their contributions to the development and release of Owyhee Russet. We
also thank our industry cooperators, our collaborators in the Western
Regional Potato Variety Trials, and the Idaho, Washington, and Oregon
potato commissions. The Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, the
Oregon Potato Commission, the Potato Variety Management Institute
( PVMI), the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, and the USDA Agricultural Research Service provided
partial financial support for this research.
STI0012-165
References
STI001-192
STI001-189
STI001-180
STI001-177
STM5114-296
STM5114-287
STM1104-174
STM1104-171
STM1104-168
STM1104-165
STM0003-167
STM0003-145
STM0003-139
STM0003-135
Fig. 4 DNA fingerprinting patterns of Owyhee Russet with the reference varieties Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah
screening of SSR markers STI0012, STI001, STM5114, STM1104 and
STM0003 with their allele size (base pair)
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