Preliminary development of learning outcomes for VLE mapped ontoTomorrow's Doctors
Outcome (Tomorrows
Doctors Para 20)
Sub outcome
The graduate will be able to
behave according to ethical and
legal principles
a
b
c
Know about and keep to the GMC's
ethical guidance and standards including
good medical practice 'the duties of a
doctor registered with the GMC',
andsupplementary ethical guidance which
describe what is expected of all doctors
registered with the GMC.
Demonstrate awareness of the clinical
responsibilities and roles of the doctor,
making the care of their patient their frst
concern. Recognise theprinciples of
patient centred care including self care
and deal with patients' health care needs
in consultation with them and where
appropriate their relatives or carers.
Be polite, considerate, trustworthy, and
honest; act with integrity, maintain
confidentiality, respect patients' dignity
and privacy and understand the
importance of appropriate consent
iii
iv
v
Identify the relevant GMC
guidance in a range of
different clinical situations and
act in accordance with it
demonstrate an awareness
of the GMC requirements for
medical student fitness to
practice
describe the role of the GMC in
devloping guidance for doctors
and considering Fitness to
Practice issues
Demonstrate awaremess of the
conflicting roles of the doctor
as clinician and researcher and
the potential impact of
competing interests generated
by these roles on patient care
LY
Demonstrate understanding
of the particular ethical
considerations iundertaking
research in children and
adults who lack capacity
Demonstrate knowledge of the
ethical principles underpinning
the Declaration of helsinki and
national and international
research ethics guidelines. EY
Reach a shared decision with
a patient about his or her
treatment takinginto account
clinical information, best
evidence, and the wishes,
values and preferences of the
patient.
demonstrate awareness that
the interests of the patient
include more than medical
interests and recognise the
importance of social,
psychological and spiritual
interests in making
healthcare decisions.
demonstrate awareness of the
importance of values as well as
evidence in health care decision
making, recognising the
plurality of values held by
patients and the influence of a
doctor's values on his or her
approach to patient care
demonstrate awareness of
the roles and duties of a
doctor including awareness demonstrate understanding
of limits of his/her own
of the legal and ethical
competence
concept of a duty of care
Demonstrate understanding
of the role of family and
informal carers in makigng
Demonstrate awareness of all
decisions for patients who
aspects of the process of
lack capacity including the
making a decision in a patient's inter-relationhsip between
best interests when the patient family interests and patient
lacks capacity to decide for
interests, and the possibility
him /herself
of conflicting family values
Describe the legal framework
governing best interests
decisions for people who lack
capacity as set out in the
Mental Capacity Act, including
the role o fthe Independent
Mental Capacity Advocate
Demonstrate understanding
of the ethical principles that
underpin the legal
requirement and
professional duty to act in a
aptient's best interests,
recognising the interplay
between respect for
autonomy and best
interests.
Demonstrate awarenesss of the
complexities of making
decisions about end of life care
including withholding or
withdrawing life sustaining
treatment
Demonstrate awareness of
GMC guidance on end of life
care and th ethical
principles that inform the
guidance
Describe the legal framework
governing end of life care
including withdrawing ANH,
patients refusing life sustaining
treatment, adbance refusals of
treatment, and assisted suicide.
Demonstrate awareness of the
nature and limits of patient
confidentiality in a range of
different clinical situations,
justifying decisions to breach or
maintain confidentiality with
reference to relevant law and
ethical principles.
Demonstrate knowledge of
GMC guidance on
confidentiality and describe
the underlying ethical
principles on which the
guidance is based.
Describe the legal framework
that governs disclosure of
personal and health related
information including the Data
Protection Act 1998
Describe different ethical
justifications for
maintaining or breaching
patient confidentiality
Seek appropriate consent from
a patient, including where
relevant th euse of a consent
form, tailoring the information
provided to the complexity of
the situaton, the risks involved
and the needs and preferences
of the patient.
Demonstrate understanding
of the requirements of a
valid informed consent or
refusal of treatment
including the assessment of
capacity , the provision of
information and measures
taken to avoid coercion
Describe the legal framework
governing consent to treatment
in adults and children and its
application in a range of
scenarios.
Explain the principle of
respect for autonomy and
its relevance to healthcare
Also relates to 20b
Demonstrate understanding of
the identification and role of
proxy decision makers,
Describe the legal
framework governing the
treatment of patients
without their consent
including the Mental
Capacity Act, the Mental
Health Act, and the
Children Act.
Demonstrate awareness of
when a patient can be treated
without their consent and the
appropriate process for
treatment decisions without
patient consent in different
situations
Demonstrate awareness of
the complexities of
assessing capacity in both
adults and children,
Demonstrate honesty in
discussing diagnoses and
treatment with patients in a
range of clinical situations
Demonstrate awareness of
the process of identifying
and reporting medical
mistakes including informing
patients
Demonstrate knowledge of
rules on plagiarism and
academic probity oncludng
conflicts of interest declarations
d
Respect all patients, colleagues ad others
regardless of their age, colour, culture,
disability, ethnic or national origin,
gender, lifestyle, marital or parental
status, race, religion or beliefs, sex,
sexual orientation or socioeconomic
status. Graduates will respect patients'
right to hold religious or other beliefs and
take these into account when relevant to
treatment options.
Demonstrate a non
judgemental attitude to
diversity of values in patients
and colleagues, recognising
their own personal values and
the effect of these on their
clinical decision making
demonstrate an
understanding of the key
religious and other belief
systems that have specific
impact on patient's
decisions about health care
including attitude to blood
and animal products, and
treatment of dead bodies
Describe the legal framework
protecting individual rights
including the Human Rights Act
and the Equality Act as it
rellates to health care
e
Recognise the rights and the equal value
of all people and how opportunities for
some people may be restricted by other's
perceptions.
Demonstrate an ability to work
in an interdisciplinary team
recognising the expertise of
individual team members and
hteir contribution to th e overall
goal of patient care
f
Understand and accept the legal, moral
and ethical responsibilities involved in
protectign and promoting the health of
individual patients, their dependents and
th epublic, including vulnerable groups
such as children , older people, people
with learning disabilities, and people with
mental illness.
Demonstrate understanding of
the complexity of protecting
the interests of your patient
while recognising the limits of
autonomy and the needs of
others including the needs of
society.
Demonstrate awareness of
the ethical values
underpinning public health
and fair allocation of
resources within a public
health system.
Describe the different
apporaches of ethical theories
based on duty and those based
on consequences giving
examples to illustrate their
differences.
Demonstrate awareness of a
doctor's responsibilities in
identifying and referring
suspected cases of child abuse
Identify the conflicitng
perspectives and ethical
tensions involved in child
protection
Descrieb the relevant legislation
governing protection of
children's welfare
Demonstrate awareness of a
doctor's responsibilities in
identifying vulnerable adults
and the processes for
safeguarding them
Demonstrate an
understandingof the
relationship between the
Describe the key sections of the Mental Health Act and the
Mental Health Act in relation to Mental Capacity Act in
detaining and treating paients caring for patients with
wihtout their consent
mental illness
g
Describe the fundamental
principles underpinning the
Mental Health Act and the
Mental Capacity Act
Describe the basic process
of death certification and
registration, including legal
obligations of doctors
Demonstrate knowledge of laws and
completing cremation forms,
systems of professional regulation
Inform a patient's family of
outside of the coronial
throughthe GMC and others, relevan tto
their death, provide information system. know how to
medical practice, including th eability to
about death certification and if complete a death certificate
complete relevant certificartes and legal necessary the need for a post and a cremation form and
Describe the function of the
documents, and liaise with the coroner or mortem or referral to the
refer a case to the coroner's coronial system in England &
procurator fiscal where appropriate
coroner.
office (LY)
Wales (EY/LY)
Describe the process of
obtaining consent for organ
donation from a patient's
family including clarificaitonof
who has authority to consent
and the timing of any
discussions LY
Demonstrate awareness of
the sensitivities involved in
discussing organ donation
with relatives of patients
who are potential donors
EY/LY
Describe the legal framework
governing storage and use of
human tissue , the criteria for
brain death and professional
guidance on organ donation EY
Demonstrate understanding of
the requirements of the Human
Fertilisation and Embryology
Act in relation to licensing
assisted conception and the
use of embryos LY
Describe the ethical
arguments for and against
screening and selection of
embryos
Demonstrate awareness of the
range of values
andperspectives that influence
the debate about assisted
conception
Demonstrate awareness of the
impact of and relative weight
of different laws in relation to
medical practice, for example
case law, statute, law European
law
Demonstrate knowledge of
the criteria for bringin a
case in medical megligence
and the legal concet of
standard of care
Describe the structure of
English law and the key cases
and legislation that are
relevant to health care