‫دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺤﯿﺔ وﻋﻼﺟﯿﺔ ﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ اﻷﻏﻨﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺠﯿﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ ﺷﻤﺴﺔ‪ , 1‬ﺣﯿﺪر ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﻟﺮﻣﺎﺣﻲ‪ ,2‬ﻓﻼح ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻠﻄﯿﻒ‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻤﻌﮭﺪ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ ‪/‬اﻟﻨﺠﻒ‪/‬اﻟﻌﺮاق‪.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﺳﯿﺔ‪/‬ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺒﯿﻄﺮي‪/‬اﻟﺪﯾﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‪/‬اﻟﻌﺮاق‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫أُﺟﺮﯾﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺢ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏﻨﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ ‪,‬ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ‪ 740‬رأس ﻏﻨﻢ وأﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﯾﺮﯾﺔ واﻟﻔﺤﺺ أﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮي ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻄﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺮض‪ .‬أﻇﮭﺮت اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ % 22.16‬وﺳﺠﻠﺖ‬
‫أﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺨﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﺷﺒﺎط ﺣﯿﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ % 42.25‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻗﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺧﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺷﮭﺮ ﺣﺰﯾﺮان ‪.% 7.4‬‬
‫ﺳﺠﻠﺖ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺧﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺮأس ‪ % 61.58‬ﺗﻠﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻹﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻈﮭﺮ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ﺧﻤﺞ ‪ % 16.46‬و‪ % 12.8‬و‪ % 9.4‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫أﺧﺘﯿﺮ ‪ 40‬راس ﻏﻨﻢ ﻣﺨﻤﺞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻼج ‪,‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫إﻟﻰ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ ‪,‬اﻋﺘﺒﺮت ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺳﯿﻄﺮة )ﻣﺨﻤﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ(‪ ,‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﻘﺎر ‪ Ivermectin‬ﺑﺠﺮﻋﺔ ‪0.2‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻐﻢ ‪/‬ﻛﻐﻢ ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ,‬أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻮﻟﺠﺖ ﺑﻌﻘﺎر ‪ Abamectin‬ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ واﻟﺴﻜﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
‫وﺑﺠﺮﻋﺔ ‪ 0.2‬ﻣﻠﻐﻢ ‪/‬ﻛﻐﻢ ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫أﻇﮭﺮت اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺣﺼﻮل اﻟﺸﻔﺎء اﻟﺘﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ ‪ 2‬و‪3‬و‪ 4‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻮم ‪ 21‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‪,‬وﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﯾﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ) ‪ 2‬و‪3‬‬
‫و‪ ( 4‬ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻓﺮق ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺘﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻼج ‪.‬‬
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‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﯾُﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺧﻤﺎج اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏﻨﺎم‪ ,‬واﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﺑﺈﺻﺎﺑﺘﮫ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻮف وﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ آﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻜﺔ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪة وﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ اﻟﺼﻮف وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻐﻄﺎة ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻤﯿﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺸﺮة اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء)‪.(1‬‬
‫إن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ ھﻮ ﺣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ‪ Sarcoptes scabiei‬واﻟﺬي ﯾﻀﻢ ﻋﺪة ﺳﻼﻻت‬
‫اﺣﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ‪ Biological races‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﻨﻮع واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﺋﻒ وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ أن ﯾﺼﯿﺐ ﻋﺪة أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﺋﻒ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﮭﺎ أﻟﻤﻀﯿﻔﻲ)‪.( 2‬‬
‫إن ﻋﻼج اﻟﻤﺮض ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﯿﺪات اﻟﺤﺸﺮﯾﺔ ھﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬
‫وﻻ ﯾﺨﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن واﻟﺤﯿﻮان ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﻮﯾﺚ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ )‪ ,( 3‬وأﻛﺪ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪ (4)Abu-Samra et al‬و ‪ , (5) Liebisch et al‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم ﻛﻔﺎءة ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺮش‬
‫واﻟﺘﻐﻄﯿﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﯿﺪات اﻟﺤﺸﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮب ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﻠﻐﻞ اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎق‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮة اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ووﺟﻮد اﻟﻘﺸﺮة اﻟﺴﻤﯿﻜﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﺋﻘﺎ أﻣﺎم وﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺒﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﻄﻔﯿﻠﻲ وﻗﺘﻠﮫ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪواﺋﯿﺔ ‪ Avermectins‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻄﺮ ‪Streptomyces‬‬
‫‪ avermitilis‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻢ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ Ivermectin‬و‪ Abamectin‬ﺑﻜﻔﺎءﺗﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﯿﻒ واﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ)‪.(6‬‬
‫أﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻋﻘﺎر ‪ Ivermectin‬ﺑﻨﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤ ﺎل ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻘ ﺎر‬
‫ﻗﺒ ﻞ )‪(7‬وﻓ اﻟﺠﻲ ﺎﻣﻮس ﻣ ﻦ ﻗﺒ ﻞ)‪ (8‬ﻓو ﻲاﻷﻏﻨ ﻣﺎم ﻦ ﻗﺒ ﻞ)‪ (9‬و)‪,(10‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ‬
‫‪Abamectin‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ )‪(11‬وﻟﻢ ﻧﻌﺜﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤ ﺼﺎدر‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Abamectin‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏﻨﺎم‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺧﻤﺞ اﻷﻏﻨﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ وﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻼج‬
‫ﺑﻌﻘﺎر ‪ Abamectin‬ﺑﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﺘﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ واﻟﺴﻜﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻌﻲ وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻼج‬
‫ﺑﻌﻘﺎر ‪.Ivermectin.‬‬
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‫اﻟﻤﻮاد وﻃﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ‪ 740‬راس ﻏﻨﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ واﻟﺠﻨﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ وھﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺮ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ ‪,‬ﻣﺰارع ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻛﺮﺑﻼء ‪,‬ﻣﻈﻠﻮم واﻟﺒﺮاﻛﯿﺔ‬
‫‪,‬ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ ‪ 2004/10/1‬وﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ 2005/7/1‬وأُﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﯾﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ أﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮي اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺸﻄﺎت اﻟﺠﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻟﻤﺮض ودوﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ أﻟﺴﺮﯾﺮي واﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮي ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﻤﺎرات‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‪:‬ﺟﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻜﺸﻄﺎت اﻟﺠﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻵﻓﺔ اﻟﺠﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﺸﻂ ﺑﻤﺸﺮط‬
‫ﺟﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻌﻘﻢ وﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻀﺢ اﻟﺪم‪ ,‬ﺛﻢ وﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﻜﺸﻄﺎت اﻟﺠﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﺎﻧﻲ زﺟﺎﺟﯿﺔ ذات‬
‫ﻏﻄﺎء ﻣﺤﻜﻢ وأﺿﯿﻒ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﯿﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺤﻮل اﻻﺛﯿﻠﻲ ﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﻓﺤﺼﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﺨﯿﺼﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺒﯿﻄﺮي – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﺳﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‪:‬ﺗﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﺸﻄﺎت اﻟﺠﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ وﻓﻘﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮه )‪ (12‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ 1500‬دورة‪/‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ وﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 5‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‪,‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ أﺿﯿﻒ ﻟﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ‪ 10‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ‪ KOH‬ﺑﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ‪ %10‬ﺛﻢ ﺳﺨﻨﺖ اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻄﻒ دون اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﻠﯿﺎن وﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ اﺧﺘﻔﺎء أﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺼﻮف ﺣﯿﺚ إن ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮل ﯾﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺑﮭﻀﻢ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ واﻟﺼﻮف ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻢ‪ ,‬ﺛﻢ ﺑﺮدت اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫ووﺿﻌﺖ ﺑﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ 1500‬دورة‪/‬دﻗﯿﻘﺔ وﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 5‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﺗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺎﺻﺔ زﺟﺎﺟﯿﺔ‪ ,‬ﺛﻢ وﺿﻌﺖ ﻗﻄﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﺳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﯾﺤﺔ‬
‫زﺟﺎﺟﯿﺔ وﻓﺤﺼﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﻜﺒﯿﺮ ‪ 40‬ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﺮ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ‬
‫وﺑﻜﺎﻓﺔ أﻃﻮارھﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻤﺞ‪ :‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺣﯿﻮان ﻣﺼﺎب ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﺪد ﺣﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺮب ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺔ أﻃﻮارھﺎ ﻓﻲ ‪ 10‬ﺣﻘﻮل ﺿﻮﺋﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﻜﺒﯿﺮ ‪ 40‬ﺛﻢ ﯾﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻌﺪد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫‪ ,10‬واﻟﻤﻌﯿﺎر ھﻮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﻠﻢ ‪/‬ﺣﻘﻞ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻼج‪:‬أﺟﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻼج ﻓﻲ اﺣﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎن اﻷﻏﻨﺎم اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﺤﺮ ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‪ 40‬رأس ﻏﻨﻢ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ وﺗﺘﺮاوح أﻋﻤﺎرھﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ 4-2‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺨﻤﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ‪ ,‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ إﻟﻰ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺔ ووﺿﻌﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺷﺒﮫ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‪ ,‬اﻋﺘﺒﺮت ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺳﯿﻄﺮة )ﻣﺨﻤﺠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ(‪ ,‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫*‬
‫ﻋﻮﻟﺠﺖ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺑﻌﻘﺎر‪Ivermectin‬‬
‫)‪ (IVOMICTM‬ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ وھﻲ ‪ 0.2‬ﻣﻠﻐﻢ‪/‬ﻛﻐﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫**‬
‫وزن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ ,‬أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻮﻟﺠﺖ ﺑﻌﻘﺎر ‪Abamectin‬‬
‫)‪ (GENESISTM‬وﺑﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ واﻟﺴﻜﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ وھﻲ ‪0.2‬ﻣﻠﻐﻢ ‪/‬ﻛﻐﻢ ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪.‬أٌﺟﺮي اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬
‫أﻟﺴﺮﯾﺮي وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ وﻗﺴﻤﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﯾﺎم ‪ 21 ,14 ,7 ,0‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ‪ 740‬راس ﻏﻨﻢ ﻣﻔﺤﻮص ﺗﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ‪164‬‬
‫رأس ﻣﻨﮭﺎ وﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺧﻤﺞ ‪ .% 22.16‬ﺳﺠﻠﺖ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺧﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺷﮭﺮ ﺷﺒﺎط و ﻛﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫وآذار ﺣﯿﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ % 42.25‬و‪ % 39.13‬و ‪ % 36.26‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‪ ,‬أﻣﺎ اﻗﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺧﻤﺞ ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﺣﺰﯾﺮان ‪ ,% 7.4‬ﺟﺪول) رﻗﻢ ‪.(1‬‬
‫إن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏﻨﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻇﮭﺮﺗﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺟﺎءت ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ إﻟﯿﮫ اﻟﺒﺪراﻧﻲ )‪ (10‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻷﻏﻨﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ‪, %24.3‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ اﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‬
‫واﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﺼﯿﻒ ﻓﮭﻮ إن ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺼﺤﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﯿﻒ )‪, (13‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺘﻤﺎس‬
‫واﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺠﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﺎردة )‪.(1‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ آﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺮض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺧﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺮأس ‪ % 61.58‬ﺗﻠﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻹﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ واﻟﻈﮭﺮ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ﺧﻤﺞ ‪ %16‬و ‪ % 12.8‬و‬
‫‪ % 9.4‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‪ ,‬وﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻞ أﯾﺔ آﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‪ ),‬ﺟﺪول رﻗﻢ ‪.(2‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫*ﻣﻦ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ Bayer‬اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫** ﻣﻦ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ Ancare NZ limited‬اﻟﻨﯿﻮزﻟﻨﺪﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫إن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺮأس اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻇﮭﺮت ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺟﺎءت ﻣﺘﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮه‬
‫ﺣﺴﯿﻦ)‪ (14‬ﻣﻦ إن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺧﻤﺞ اﻟﺮأس )‪ (% 58.15‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮت اﻟﺒﺪراﻧﻲ)‪ (10‬ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺘﮭﺎ إن‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺧﻤﺞ اﻟﺮأس ﺑﻠﻐﺖ )‪,(% 92.5‬و ﻗﺪ ﯾﻌﻮد ﺳﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ إن ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻮف )‪ , (2‬وذﻛﺮ ‪ (15) Al-Ramahi‬إن ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب ﺗﺨﺘﺒﻲء‬
‫ﺻﯿﻔﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺨﺒﯿﺌﺔ وأھﻤﮭﺎ ﻗﻨﺎة اﻷذن اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ واﻟﺤﻔﺮة ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﺠﺎﺟﯿﺔ وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة وارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أﻇﮭﺮت ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وﺟﻮد إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﺼﻮف ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ واﻹﻟﯿﺔ وھﺬا‬
‫ﯾﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ أورده ‪ (16) Lieper‬ﻣﻦ إن اﻷﻏﻨﺎم اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﻤﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ذات اﻟﺼﻮف اﻟﻜﺜﯿﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ واﻹﻟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول رﻗﻢ ‪ : 1‬ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﮭﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺤﻮﺻﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻤﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻦ اﻷول‬
‫‪110‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫‪12.72‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪66‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪13.63‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮن اﻷول‬
‫‪79‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪15.18‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫‪39.13‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﺎط‬
‫‪71‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪42.25‬‬
‫آذار‬
‫‪91‬‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫‪36.26‬‬
‫ﻧﯿﺴﺎن‬
‫‪84‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫‪22.61‬‬
‫أﯾﺎر‬
‫‪66‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪7.5‬‬
‫ﺣﺰﯾﺮان‬
‫‪81‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7.4‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪740‬‬
‫‪164‬‬
‫‪22.16‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺪول رﻗﻢ ‪ : 2‬ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ آﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺮض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﻤﺠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأس‬
‫‪101‬‬
‫‪61.58‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪12.8‬‬
‫اﻟﻈﮭﺮ‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪9.14‬‬
‫اﻹﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫‪27‬‬
‫‪16.46‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻼج ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺪﻻت ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ھﻲ‬
‫‪ 2.2, 2.15, 2.25, 2.02‬ﺣﻠﻢ ‪/‬ﺣﻘﻞ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻸﯾﺎم ‪ 0‬و‪ 7‬و ‪ 14‬و ‪ 21‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‪,‬‬
‫واﺳﺘﻤﺮت اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺿﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺪل ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ أﻏﻨﺎم ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻼج‬
‫‪ 2.25‬ﺣﻠﻢ ‪/‬ﺣﻘﻞ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﺛﻢ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ ‪ 0.45‬و ‪ 0.01‬ﺣﻠﻢ ‪/‬ﺣﻘﻞ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﯾﺎم ‪ 7‬و‬
‫‪ 14‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج و ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ ,‬واﺧﺘﻔﺖ ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب ﻛﻠﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم ‪ 21‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪:‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺪل ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم‬
‫‪ 0‬ھﻮ ‪ 2.35‬ﺣﻠﻢ ‪/‬ﺣﻘﻞ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﺛﻢ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ ‪ 0.43‬و ‪ 0.05‬ﺣﻠﻢ ‪/‬ﺣﻘﻞ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻷﯾﺎم ‪ 7‬و ‪ 14‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‪,‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﺧﺘﻔﺖ ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب ﻛﻠﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻮم ‪.21‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ‪:‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺪل ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻟﻸﻏﻨﺎم اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻼج ‪ 2.4‬ﺣﻠﻢ‬
‫‪/‬ﺣﻘﻞ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﺛﻢ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ ‪ 0.37‬ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم ‪ 7‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج ‪,‬واﺧﺘﻔﺖ ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب ﻛﻠﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮم ‪ 14‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج ‪),‬ﺟﺪول رﻗﻢ ‪.(3‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول رﻗﻢ ‪ : 3‬ﻣﻌﺪﻻت ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪل ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﻤﺞ ‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻢ ‪/‬ﺣﻘﻞ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫‪ ±‬اﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﯾﻮم ‪0‬‬
‫ﯾﻮم ‪7‬‬
‫ﯾﻮم ‪14‬‬
‫ﯾﻮم ‪21‬‬
‫‪2.02‬‬
‫‪2.25‬‬
‫‪2.15‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪0.42± 0.41± 0.42±‬‬
‫‪2.25‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫‪0.43‬‬
‫‪0.03‬‬
‫‪0.12± 0.24±‬‬
‫‪0.08‬‬
‫‪2.4‬‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.07± 0.12± 0.22±‬‬
‫‪2.35‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫‪0.45‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪0.44±‬‬
‫‪0.37‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.32± 0.15±‬‬
‫أﻇﮭﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻓﺮق ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻋﺎﻟﻲ )‪ (%1‬ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة وﺑﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪,‬وﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎك ﻓﺮق ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ ‪ 2‬و‪ 3‬و‪.4‬‬
‫إن ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﻌﻘﺎر ‪ Ivermectin‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ أﻋﻄﺖ ﺷﻔﺎء‬
‫ﺗﺎم ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم ‪ 21‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ وھﺬا ﯾﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ وﺟﺪه ‪ (9) Yousif et al‬و ‪Ibrahim and‬‬
‫‪ (17)Abu-Samra‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﻢ ﻋﻘﺎر ‪ Ivermectin‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
‫وﺑﺠﺮﻋﺔ ‪ 0.2‬ﻣﻠﻐﻢ‪/‬ﻛﻐﻢ ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ إن اﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺸﻄﺎت اﻟﺠﻠﺪﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم ‪ 21‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺟﺎء ﻣﺘﻔﻘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮه أﻟﺮﻣﺎﺣﻲ )‪ (11‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ ﻋﻘﺎر ‪ Abamectin‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ وﺑﺠﺮﻋﺔ ‪ 0.2‬ﻣﻠﻐﻢ‪/‬ﻛﻐﻢ ﻣﻦ وزن‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج ﺧﻤﺞ اﻟﺠﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫إن ﺣﺼﻮل اﻟﺸﻔﺎء اﻟﺘﺎم ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم ‪ 21‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻼج ﺟﺎء‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﻘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮه ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ (18)Rooney et al‬و أﻟﺮﻣﺎﺣﻲ )‪ (11‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﻢ ﻋﻘﺎر‬
‫‪ Doramectin‬و ‪ Abamectin‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻷﺑﻘﺎر واﻟﺠﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ وﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ أﺷﺎر ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ (19) Hassan‬و ‪ (7) Barhoom and Hassan‬و ‪Barhoom et‬‬
‫‪ )ٍ8)al‬إﻟﻰ إن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري إﻋﻄﺎء ﺟﺮﻋﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺎر ‪ Ivermectin‬ﺑﺠﺮﻋﺔ ‪ 0.2‬ﻣﻠﻐﻢ‪/‬ﻛﻐﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ ‪ 14‬ﯾﻮم ﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﻘﻀﺎء اﻟﺘﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب‪ ,‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻇﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه‬
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إن ﺟﺮﻋﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺗﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮب اﻟﺴﺎرﻛﻮﺑﺘﻲ وﻗﺪ ﯾﻌﻮد ﺳﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ إن‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ذات ﻓﻌﻞ ﻃﻮﯾﻞ اﻷﻣﺪ وﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺸﺮة اﻟﺪواﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﯾﺴﺠﻞ أي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺳﺮﯾﺮﯾﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وھﺬا ﯾﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮه‬
‫‪ (20) Al-Khafaji and Al-Farwachi‬و أﻟﺮﻣﺎﺣﻲ )‪.(11‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬
1. Radostits , O.M. , Blood ,D.C. and Gay , C.C. (1997) . Veterinary
Medicine : Textbook of the disease of cattle , sheep, pigs, goats
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(1981).Sarcoptic mange in sheep in Sudan .Annals of Tropical Medicine
and Parasitology.75(6),pp 639-645.
5. Liebisch ,A. ;Rahman ,M.S. and Awad ,A.(1980).Contribution on the
therapy for Psoroptic and Sarcoptic mange of various domestic animals
with Phosphoric acid ester (Sebacil).Veterinary Medical Review.1,pp 316.
6. Bishop ,Y.(1996).The Veterinary Formulary. 3red ed. ,London .
Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and British Veterinary
Association .pp 159-161.
7. Barhoom ,S.S. and Hassan ,W.A.(1993) .Efficacy of Ivermectin and
HCH in treatment of Sarcoptic mange in Camels .The Veterinarian .3
9
(1),pp 40-44.
8. Barhoom ,S.S ;Shabin ,F.K. and Hassa,W.A.(1997).Efficacy of
Ivermectin against mange in Buffaloes. The Veterinarian .6(1),pp70-72.
9. Yousif ,Y.A. ;Al-Khalidi ,W.W. and Zenad ,M.M.(1989).treatment of
mange in sheep with Ivermectin .Indian Journal of Veterinary
Medicine.9(1),pp22-23.
‫ﻣﺮض اﻟﺠﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﺄن ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬,(1998), ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح‬, ‫اﻟﺒﺪراﻧﻲ‬.10
.‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬, ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ‬,‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮض اﻟﺠﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬, (2000), ‫ﺣﯿﺪر ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬,‫أﻟﺮﻣﺎﺣﻲ‬.11
.‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪاد‬, ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ‬. ‫دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺤﯿﺔ وﻋﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻨﺠﻒ‬
12. Coles ,E.H. ,(1986).Veterinary Clinical Pathology.4th ed.,
Philadelphia ,W.B. Saunders Company ,pp 488.
13.Tarry,D.W.(1974),Sheep scab: It is diagnosis and Biology .Veterinary
Record,95,pp 530-532.
‫دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏﻨﺎم وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻛﻔﺎءة‬, (1979),‫ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬, ‫ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ‬.14
. ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪاد‬, ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ‬, ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺒﯿﺪات اﻟﺤﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬
15.Al-Ramahy,H.M.(2006), Identification of latent psoroptic mange in
sheep in Al-diwanyia province .Al-Qadisiya Journal of Vet. Med.
Sci.4(5).
16.Lieper, Y.W.G.(1957),Report to the Government of Iraq on animal
parasites and their control,(F.A.O.).
17. Ibrahim ,E And Abu-Samra ,M.T.(1987).Experimental transmission
of goat strain of sarcoptes scabie to desert sheep and its treatment with
Ivermectin. Veterinary Parasitology.26(3),pp 157-164.
10
18.Rooney,K.R Illyes ,E.F . ;Sunderland,S.J. ;Sarasola ,P.; Handrickx
,M.O. ;Keller ,D.S. ;Meinert ,T.R. Logan,N.B. ;Weatherley ,A.J. and
Conder,G.A.(1999),Efficacy of pour on formulation of Doramectin
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sarcoptic mange in goats, The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary
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Survey and therapeutic study of sarcoptic mange in
Sheep in Najaf province
Mojeeb,T.Shamsa1 , Haider ,M. Al-Ramahi2 and Falah, H. Abdl-Lataif2
1-Technical Institute of Najaf/ Najaf / Iraq.
2-University of Al-Qadisiya/ Al-Diwanyia /Iraq.
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to survey the sarcoptic mange in
sheep in Najaf province. A total of 740 sheep were examined
clinically and were collected from suspected cases for laboratory
investigation .
The results showed that infestation rate was 22.16% ,the highest
province was recorded in February 42.25% ,While the lowest
prevalence was recorded in June 7.4%.
The high incidence of mange lesions occurred on head
61.58% ,followed by fat tail 16% ,neck 12..8% and back 9.4%.
The therapeutic trials were conducted on 40 sheep naturally
infested with sarcoptic mange . Animals were divided into 4
equal groups: group no. 1 was kept as a control (infested but non
treated) ,group no.2 was treated with Ivermectin at dose 0.2 mg/kg
B. W. subcutaneously ,while group no. 3 and 4were treated with
0.2 mg /kg B.W. of Abamectin subcutaneously and pour on
formulations ,respectively.
The perfect recovery was occurred in animals of group no. 2,3
and 4 at day 21 of trial, while in group no.1 (control),the
infestation with sarcoptic mange was continued to the end of trial.
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