Dual Plenary Session:
Renewables, Power Prices, and
Grid Integration
IAEE's 37th International Conference
New York City - June 16, 2014
Imagination at work.
Copyright 2014 General Electric Company
GE’s Integration of Renewables Experience
North America
Studies commissioned by utilities, commissions, ISOs...
• Examine feasibility of 100+ GW of new renewables
• Consider operability, costs, emissions, transmission
 2004 New York
3 GW Wind
10% Peak Load
4% Energy
 2005 Ontario
15 GW Wind
50% Peak Load
30% Energy
 2006 California
13 GW Wind
3 GW Solar
26% Peak Load
15% Energy
 2007 Texas
15 GW Wind
25% Peak Load
17% Energy
 2009 Western U.S.
72 GW Wind
15 GW Solar
50% Peak Load
27% Energy
Gradients indicate systems subject to individual studies
and also included in larger regional studies
Source: Publicly
available studies.
See pp 14-15
Copyright 2014 General Electric Company
 2010 New England
12 GW Wind
39% Peak Load
24% Energy
 2008 Maui
70 MW Wind
39% Peak Load
25% Energy
 2010 Oahu
500 MW Wind
100 MW Solar
55% Peak Load
25% Energy
 2012 Nova Scotia
~1500MW Wind
40% Energy
 2014 PJM Study
96GW Wind
22GW Solar
30% Energy
Underway
 Pan-Canadian
~72GW Wind
30% Energy
2
GE’s Integration of Renewables Experience
Global (In Progress)
Vietnam
Wind Grid
Code Development
and Renewable
Integration Study
Europe:
REservices Project
Economic grid support from
variable renewables
Barbados
Barbados Power & Light
Renewable Integration Study
Copyright 2014 General Electric Company
3
Study Area Dispatch - Week of July 10th - No Renewables
Study Area Dispatch - Week of July 10th - 10% Renewables
70,000
60,000
60,000
50,000
50,000
40,000
40,000
MW
MW
70,000
30,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
Nuclear
Steam Coal
Wind
Solar CSP w/ Storage
Solar PV
Combined Cycle
Gas Turbine
Pumped Storage Hydro
Hydro
0
MON JUL 10 TUE JUL 11 WED JUL 12 THU JUL 13
20,000
10,000
0
FRI JUL 14
MON JUL 10
SAT JUL 15 SUN JUL 16
70,000
70,000
60,000
60,000
50,000
50,000
Simple Cycle GT
40,000
MW
MW
Combined Cycle GT
30,000
20,000
10,000
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
SUN JUL 16
Study Area Dispatch - Week of July 10th - 30% Renewables
Study Area Dispatch - Week of July 10th - 20% Renewables
40,000
TUE JUL 11
Hydro
PV
Wind
CSP
30,000
Coal
20,000
10,000
Nuclear
0
0
MON JUL 10
TUE JUL 11
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
SUN JUL 16
MON JUL 10
July 10, 2006
TUE JUL 11
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
SUN JUL 16
Source: NREL Western Wind
& Solar Integration Study
Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th – No Renewables
Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - 10% Renewables
50,000
50,000
40,000
40,000
Simple Cycle GT
Combined Cycle GT
30,000
MW
MW
30,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
Coal
Nuclear
Steam Coal
Wind
Solar CSP w/ Storage
Solar PV
Combined Cycle
Gas Turbine
Pumped Storage Hydro
Hydro
10,000
0
MON APR 10
0
MON APR 10
Nuclear
TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
SUN APR 16
SUN APR 16
Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - 20% Renewables
50,000
Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - 30% Renewables
50,000
Hydro
40,000
40,000
30,000
30,000
MW
MW
PV
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
0
MON APR 10
TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
SUN APR 16
0
MON APR 10
April 10, 2006
TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
Wind
CSP
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
SUN APR 16
Source: NREL Western Wind
& Solar Integration Study
Week of July 10th
Study Area Dispatch - Week of July 10th - No Wind
70,000
60,000
(Peak-Load
Season)
Study Area Dispatch - Week of July 10th - 10%R
70,000
No Wind or Solar
50,000
40,000
40,000
MW
MW
50,000
30,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
MON JUL 10
Nuclear
Steam Coal
Wind
Solar CSP w/ Storage
Solar PV
Combined Cycle
Gas Turbine
Pumped Storage Hydro
Hydro
20,000
10,000
0
TUE JUL 11
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MON JUL 10
MON JUL 10
SUN JUL 16
WECC Wt Avg Hrly Spot Price
WECC Wt Avg Hrly Spot Price
10% Wind + 1% Solar Energy
60,000
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
WED JUL 12
TUE JUL 11
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
SUN JUL 16
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MON JUL 10
TUE JUL 11
TUE JUL 11
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
SUN JUL 16
SUN JUL 16
Source: NREL Western Wind
& Solar Integration Study
Week of July 10th
(Peak-Load Season)
Study Area Dispatch - Week of July 10th - 20%R
20%
Wind + 3% Solar Energy
30% Wind + 5% Solar Energy
Study Area Dispatch - Week of July 10th - 30%R
70,000
60,000
60,000
50,000
50,000
40,000
40,000
MW
MW
70,000
30,000
30,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
0
0
TUE JUL 11
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MON JUL 10
MON JUL 10
SUN JUL 16
WECC Wt Avg Hrly Spot Price
WECC Wt Avg Hrly Spot Price
MON JUL 10
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
SUN JUL 16
TUE JUL 11
WED JUL 12
THU JUL 13
FRI JUL 14
SAT JUL 15
SUN JUL 16
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MON JUL 10
TUE JUL 11
TUE JUL 11
SUN JUL 16
Source: NREL Western Wind
& Solar Integration Study
Week of April 10th
(Loads are lower, winds are higher)
50,000
No Wind or Solar
50,000
40,000
40,000
30,000
MW
MW
30,000
20,000
20,000
Nuclear
Steam Coal
Wind
Solar CSP w/ Storage
Solar PV
Combined Cycle
Gas Turbine
Pumped Storage Hydro
Hydro
10,000
10,000
0
MON APR 10
0
MON APR 10
TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MON APR 10 TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
SUN APR 16
SUN APR 16
WECC Wt Avg Hrly Spot Price
WECC Wt Avg Hrly Spot Price
10% Wind + 1% Solar Energy
Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - 10% R
Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - No Wind
SUN APR 16
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MON APR 10 TUE APR 11
SAT APR 15
SUN APR 16
Source: NREL Western Wind
& Solar Integration Study
Week of April 10th
(Loads are lower, winds are higher)
Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - 20%R
20%
Wind + 3% Solar Energy
30%
Wind
+- Week
5%of Solar
Energy
Study Area
Dispatch
April 10th - 30%R
50,000
50,000
40,000
40,000
30,000
MW
MW
30,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MON APR 10 TUE APR 11
0
MON APR 10
SUN APR 16
WECC Wt Avg Hrly Spot Price
WECC Wt Avg Hrly Spot Price
0
MON APR 10
10,000
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
SUN APR 16
TUE APR 11
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
WED APR 12
THU APR 13
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
SUN APR 16
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MON APR 10 TUE APR 11
FRI APR 14
SAT APR 15
SUN APR 16
Source: NREL Western Wind
& Solar Integration Study
Study Footprint Total Load, Wind and Solar Variation Over Month of April
(30% Wind Energy in Footprint)
Ld(base)= Load Demand
35000
30000
25000
MW
20000
15000
10000
Ld(Base)
5000
Wd(30%)
PV(30%)
0
CSP(30%)
L-W-S = Load – Wind – Solar = “Net Load”
-5000
1-Apr
8-Apr
15-Apr
Day
L-W-S(30%)
22-Apr
29-Apr
Source: NREL Western Wind
& Solar Integration Study
Key Lessons Learned From These Studies …
Impediments
System Cost
System Cost
• Unserved Energy
• Missing Wind/Solar Target
• Higher Cost of Electricity
•
•
•
•
•
Lack of transmission
Lack of control area cooperation
Market rules / contracts constraints
Unobservable DG – “behind the fence”
Inflexible operation strategies during
light load & high risk periods
Success Factors
Impediments
Success
Factors
Renewables (%)
• Wind Forecasting
• Flexible Thermal fleet
Faster quick starts
Deeper turn-down
Faster ramps
• More spatial diversity of wind/solar
• Grid-friendly wind and solar
• Demand response ancillary services
Policy and market structures … key to successful integration of
wind and other renewables. Technology can help
Copyright 2014 General Electric Company
11
Advanced
NERC
BAL-003.1
NERC PRC024
NERC
VAR 001 - 003
FERC 661a
Basic
Performance Objectives
Grid Requirements & Wind Technology Evolution
LVRT
Volt/VAR
Control
Adv Controls:
Multi-Plant Weak Grid,
SSCI,
WindINERTIA Coordination
Islanding
WindFREE
Detection
Primary Reactive
Frequency Control
WindBoost/
WindRESERVE
Control /
AGC
Contribution
c.2003
Single W TGs
Low Penetration
Application Characteristics
Large Farms
c.2014
Multiple Farms
High Penetration
Higher functionality required for: larger farms,
weaker systems, and grids with high wind penetration
Copyright 2014 General Electric Company
Critical Issues, Critical Decisions
Energy
Efficiency
Demand
Response
Generation
Mix
Nuclear
Retirements
Flexible
Gas Turbine
Generation
Coal
Retirements
Production
Tax Credit
Extensions
Shared
Reserves,
Energy
Imbalance
Markets
Market
Structures
& Policy
Supply,
Demand &
Technology
Issues
Smart Grid
Microgrid
Shale Gas
Carbon
Rules
Capacity
Markets
Energy
Storage
Reliabilitydriven rules
(ramp, high
availability,
flexible)
Mercury &
Air Toxics
Rule
Coal
Combustion
Residuals
Renewable
Portfolio
Standards
Copyright 2014 General Electric Company
Regulations
& Trends
Wind Study References
California Energy Commission’s Intermittency Analysis Project Study “Appendix B - Impact of Intermittent Generation on
Operation of California Power Grid”
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2007publications/CEC-500-2007-081/CEC-500-2007-081-APB.PDF
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority’s “The Effects of Integrating Wind Power on Transmission System
Planning, Reliability, and Operations”
http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/Program-Planning/Renewable-PortfolioStandard/~/media/Files/EDPPP/Energy%20and%20Environmental%20Markets/RPS/RPS%20Documents/wind-integrationreport.ashx
Ontario Power Authority, Independent Electricity System Operator, Canadian Wind Energy Association’s “Ontario Wind
Integration Study”: http://www.powerauthority.on.ca/sites/default/files/news/2321_OPA_Report_final.pdf
Electrical Reliability Council of Texas, “Analysis of Wind Generation Impact on ERCOT Ancillary Services Requirements”:
http://www.ercot.com/news/presentations/2008/Wind_Generation_Impact_on_Ancillary_Services_-_GE_Study.zip
NREL, “Western Wind and Solar Integration Study:
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/47434.pdf
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/47781.pdf
New England ISO “New England Wind Integration Study “
http://iso-ne.com/committees/comm_wkgrps/prtcpnts_comm/pac/reports/2010/index.html
Hawaiian Electric Company, Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, “Oahu Wind Integration Study”
http://www.hnei.hawaii.edu/sites/web41.its.hawaii.edu.www.hnei.hawaii.edu/files/story/2011/03/Oahu_Wind_Integration_Stu
dy.pdf
California ISO, “Frequency Response Study” Oct, 2011
http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Report-FrequencyResponseStudy.pdf
Nova Scotia Power, Inc., “Nova Scotia Renewable Energy Study” Jun, 2013
https://www.nspower.ca/site/media/Parent/2013COSS_CA_DR-14_SUPPLEMENTAL_REISFinalReport_REDACTED.pdf
Copyright 2014 General Electric Company
Wind Study References (con’t)
PJM Interconnection, LLC, “PJM Renewable Integration Study.”
http://pjm.com/~/media/committees-groups/task-forces/irtf/postings/pris-executive-summary.ashx
Full PJM PRIS Reports:
http://www.pjm.com/committees-and-groups/task-forces/irtf/pris.aspx
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, GE Energy Consulting, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Hawaiian Electric Company,
Maui Electric Company, “Hawaii Solar Integration Study.” http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/57215.pdf
Copyright 2014 General Electric Company