TABLES
2.1. EPA Pesticide Toxicity Classes ...........................
7
2.2. Carcinogenicity Classifications ..........................
11
2.3. Pesticides Used or Potentially Used During ODS/DS ..........
13
3.1. Most Frequent Principal Diagnoses in PGW Registry
Personnel, February 1997 ..............................
16
3.2. Symptom Prevalence as Primary and Any Diagnosis ...........
17
3.3. Symptom Prevalence in Subjects with a Primary Diagnosis
of Good Health ......................................
17
3.4. Symptom Prevalence in Subjects Given a Diagnosis Other
Than SSID..........................................
18
3.5. Symptom Prevalence in Subjects Diagnosed with SSID.........
18
3.6. Registry Participation Predictors .........................
22
3.7. Odds Ratios for CDC-Defined PGW Illnesses in PGWV and
Bosnia and Non-Deployed Gulf-Era Veterans ................
23
4.1. Chemical Identity of Lindane ...........................
26
4.2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Lindane ................
26
4.3. Formulations of Lindane Available During ODS/DS ...........
27
4.4. Reports of Acute Lindane Toxicity in Humans Following
Dermal Application...................................
30
4.5. Reports of Acute Lindane Toxicity in Animals Following
Oral Exposure .......................................
31
4.6. Reports of Acute Lindane Toxicity in Humans Following
Oral Exposure .......................................
32
xiii
xiv
Pesticides
4.7. Reports of Chronic Lindane Toxicity in Animals Following
Oral Exposure .......................................
34
4.8. Comparison of Exposures to Agricultural Chemicals
Resulting in Risk of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma ..............
36
5.1. Chemical Identity of DEET .............................
39
5.2. Physical and Chemical Properties of DEET ..................
40
5.3. Formulations of DEET Available During ODS/DS .............
40
5.4. Estimated Exposure to DEET During a Six-Month Mosquito
Season ............................................
43
5.5. In Vivo and In Vitro Dermal Absorption of DEET .............
45
5.6. Reported Signs and Symptoms of DEET Toxicity .............
45
5.7. Reported Health Effects in Humans Following the Topical
Application of DEET ..................................
47
6.1. Chemical Identity of Permethrin .........................
54
6.2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Permethrin .............
54
6.3. Formulations of Permethrin Available During ODS/DS ........
55
6.4. Chemical Identity of d-Phenothrin .......................
56
6.5. Physical and Chemical Properties of d-Phenothrin ............
56
6.6. Formulations of d-Phenothrin Available During ODS/DS .......
57
6.7. Acute Effects of Permethrin Reported in Animal Studies ........
60
6.8. Lethal Exposure Levels of Permethrin Reported in Animal
Studies ............................................
60
6.9. Subacute and Chronic Effects of Permethrin in Humans........
61
6.10. Subacute and Chronic Effects of Permethrin in Animals ........
63
6.11. Acute Effects of d-Phenothrin in Animals ...................
67
6.12. Chronic Effects of d-Phenothrin in Animals .................
68
7.1. Chemical Identity of Azamethiphos .......................
72
7.2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Azamethiphos ...........
72
7.3. Chemical Identity of Chlorpyrifos ........................
73
7.4. Physical and Chemical Properties of Chlorpyrifos.............
73
7.5. Formulations of Chlorpyrifos Available During ODS/DS ........
74
Tables
xv
7.6. Air and Surface Chlorpyrifos Residues Following Residential
Broadcast and Aerosol Applications .......................
74
7.7. Chemical Identity of Diazinon ...........................
75
7.8. Physical and Chemical Properties of Diazinon ...............
76
7.9. Formulations of Diazinon Available During ODS/DS ..........
76
7.10. Chemical Identity of Dichlorvos .........................
77
7.11. Physical and Chemical Properties of Dichlorvos ..............
77
7.12. Formulations of Dichlorvos Available During ODS/DS .........
78
7.13. Chemical Identity of Malathion ..........................
79
7.14. Physical and Chemical Properties of Malathion ..............
80
7.15. Formulations of Malathion Available During ODS/DS .........
80
7.16. Chemical Identity of Bendiocarb .........................
82
7.17. Physical and Chemical Properties of Bendiocarb .............
82
7.18. Chemical Identity of Methomyl ..........................
84
7.19. Physical and Chemical Properties of Methomyl ..............
84
7.20. Chemical Identity of Propoxur ...........................
85
7.21. Physical and Chemical Properties of Propoxur ...............
86
7.22. Formulations of Propoxur Available During ODS/DS ..........
86
7.23. Clinical Manifestations Following Acute Carbamate or OP
Poisoning ..........................................
90
7.24. Symptom Rates in Malathion-Exposed Subjects ..............
93
7.25. Symptom Rates and Relative On-Season and Off-Season
Risks for Indonesian Farmers Engaged in OP Pesticide
Spraying ...........................................
97
7.26. Factors Significantly Linked to Symptom Reporting in
Indonesian Farmers Engaged in OP Spraying ................
98
7.27. Difference Between Peak- and Post-Season Test Score
Ratios of Occupationally Exposed and Non-Exposed
Israelis ............................................
98
A.1. Effects in AChE-Inhibitor-Exposed Subjects and Reported
by Ill PGWV......................................... 134