Advances in Process and Parameterisation
Studies at Scotty Creek
Preliminary findings and future directions
2nd Annual IP3 Meeting and Workshop, Cold Regions Research Centre, WLU, 8-10 Nov., 2007
W. Quinton, M. Hayashi, N. Wright, E.D. Soulis,
R. Heck, T. Elliot, L. Chasmer, R. Bemrose,
R. Nagare, R. Schincariol, Y. Zhang, S. Carey,
T. Myers, P. Whittington
Wilfrid Laurier University
Scotty Creek, NWT, Canada:
0
Study Area
50
kilometres
Ca U .S
na . A
da .
N
M ack enzi e Riv
er
L ia
rd
Riv
er
Fort Simpson
Lake
1 km
Isolated bog
Fen
Connected bog
Peat plateau
Wilfrid Laurier University
Goose Lake
1 km
Hillslope Runoff:
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Hillslope Runoff:
Wilfrid Laurier University
Subsurface drainage:
Inuvik
Whitehorse
depth below ground surface (m)
0
high flow
0.1
0.2
0.3
Measured
0.4
Fort Simpson
0.5
0.1
Wilfrid Laurier University
1
10
102
103
Hydraulic conductivity m/d
low flow
Cold Regions Hydrological Model:
T Ia0Mn
T Ia1Mn
T Is0M n
T Is1M n
Qthaw
Qm
Qg
P
Type
DrainTo
InitSWE
length
mel tstorage
mel tLag
catchadjust
snowmelt
Qsnow
c ump
Type
DrainTo
soil_type
Pors
d
tinit
slope
l ength
K_a
K_b
Residual
n
a
Drained
F rozenTo
runof fsto rage
runof fLag
flows torage
flowLag
Qflow
catchadjust
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Total (Ro + Et) water loss:
R ~80%
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R ~60%
Extending CRHM to basins:
1m
Water table
Frost table
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Peat plateau runoff (CRHM)
Hydraulic lengths (L) for composite hydrograph:
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Spatial analysis of peat plateaus:
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Improved model hydraulics:
Peat blocks
Lab analysis
Measurements:
• Area and Perimeter of all pores
•Hydraulic Radius (R = A/P), Active Porosity.
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Hagen-Poiseuille, hydraulic radius:
2
Ci = Ai Ri
/2
Ri = Ai / Pi
Ci = Ai3 / (2Pi2)
3
fc f s
Ai
C=
∑
2
τ i 2 Pi
fc fs
k=
τAimg
Ai 3
∑i 2 P 2
i
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Unsaturated flows – CT Scans:
Field sampling
Lab sampling
Permeameter
CT-Scan
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Preliminary assessment of CT:
•
•
•
Initial diagnostic: moisture content
can be accurately estimated from
CT-scan analysis.
Inter-particle porosity can be
treated as a single, large pore of
variable aperture, rather than an
assemblage of discrete pores.
Inter-particle flowpath network:
- measured connectivity, aperture
vary with moisture content
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CT Scans
Over-winter water flows:
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Over-winter water flows:
0.45
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Lichen,
Labrador Tea
Moss,
Labrador Tea
bandsaw
blade
clean
undisturbed
break on
bottom
Lab studies: internal moisture cycling
‹
An interdisciplinary controlled
environment research facility
focusing on critical
environmental issues and
biotechnology
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FT topography - runoff
a) 5 mm
b) 10 mm
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0.01
c) 20 mm
(d) 35 mm
0
WT depth (m)
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Variations in FT topography:
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Lidar – canopy density
CLASS
Second Generation Land Surface Scheme
RADIATIVE
EXCH ANGE
SENSIBLE
EXCHANGE
MOISTURE
EXCH ANGE
r
IRup
Ev aporation
Aero dynamic
res istance
(r)
α ve g
Intercepti on
Transpiration
Le aves
LAI
T Canopy
r
Wind
Leaf Drip
Fr action v egetati on cove r &
LAI
Fn ( temp erature & season)
IR
Snow
Stems
SAI
( light sensitiv ity
changesr )
IR d own
α s oil
Infiltra tion Surface
R unoff
Fn ( so il wetness)
T
Surf ace Soil
Temp erature
Lower S oil
Tempera ture
T
U pper layer
wetne ss
R oot Dis tributio n
Fn ( v egetati on ty pe )
Full column wetness
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Subsurface Runo ff
Permafrost melt:
1947
Wilfrid Laurier University
2000