ab185982 –
Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3)
Human ELISA Kit
Instructions for Use
For the quantitative measurement of Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) in Human cell and tissue extracts.
This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use.
Version 1 Last Updated 31 May 2014

INTRODUCTION
1.
BACKGROUND
2.
ASSAY SUMMARY
GENERAL INFORMATION
3.
PRECAUTIONS
4.
STORAGE AND STABILITY
5.
MATERIALS SUPPLIED
6.
MATERIALS REQUIRED, NOT SUPPLIED
7.
LIMITATIONS
8.
TECHNICAL HINTS
ASSAY PREPARATION
9.
REAGENT PREPARATION
10. STANDARD PREPARATION
11. SAMPLE PREPARATION
12. PLATE PREPARATION
ASSAY PROCEDURE
13. ASSAY PROCEDURE
DATA ANALYSIS
14. CALCULATIONS
15. TYPICAL DATA
16. TYPICAL SAMPLE VALUES
18. ASSAY SPECIFICITY
RESOURCES
19. TROUBLESHOOTING
20. NOTES
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1

INTRODUCTION
1.
Abcam’s Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) Human in vitro ELISA (Enzyme-
Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit is designed for the accurate quantitative measurement of Peroxiredoxin 3 protein in Human cell and tissue extracts.
This assay employs an antibody specific for anti-PRX3 coated on the well a 96- well microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any PRX3 present in the sample is bound by the immobilized antibody. The wells are washed to remove any unbound sample and a
PRX3 detector antibody is added. After washing an HRP label is pipetted to the wells and incubated. After incubation, the wells are washed to remove unbound material. TMB substrate is added and during incubation is catalyzed by HRP, generating blue coloration. This reaction is then stopped by addition of Stop Solution completing any color change from blue to yellow. Signal is generated proportionally to the amount of bound analyte and the intensity is measured at 450 nm.
Optionally, instead of the endpoint reading, development of TMB can be recorded kinetically at 600 nm.
Human Peroxiredoxin 3 is a 28 kDa protein localized in the mitochondrion and is involved in redox regulation of the cell. It protects radical-sensitive enzymes from oxidative damage by a radicalgenerating system and acts synergistically with MAP3K13 to regulate the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol. Peroxiredoxin 3 belongs to the ahpC/TSA family and contains 1 thioredoxin domain. As a member of the antioxidant family of thioredoxin peroxidases it uses mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 (Trx2) as a source of reducing equivalents to scavenge hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
).
Endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are created as a result of a mis-reduction during oxidative phosphorylation within the mitochondrion. H
2
O
2 is one of the ROS produced during this process, and is a major contributor to oxidative stress. Normal low levels of hydrogen peroxide within the cell are important for certain physiological
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INTRODUCTION functions, including the regulation of cell proliferation and transcription activation, however high levels can cause damage to the cell and induce apoptosis. PRX3 is involved in reducing excessive H
2
O
2 water, along with its six other known mammalian isoforms. into
Antioxidants like PRX3 play an important role in maintaining basal hydrogen peroxide levels within the cell. Exogenous ROS can be attributed to pollutants in the environment, radiation, and drugs, along with many other possible factors. Oxidative stress can be linked to aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
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INTRODUCTION
2.
Remove appropriate number of antibody coated well strips. Equilibrate all reagents to room temperature.
Prepare all the reagents, samples, and standards as instructed.
Add standard or sample to each well used. Incubate at room temperature.
Aspirate and wash each well. Add prepared Detector Antibody to each well. Incubate at room temperature.
Aspirate and wash each well. Add prepared HRP label. Incubate at room temperature.
Aspirate and wash each well. Add TMB
Substrate to each well and incubate.
Add Stop Solution at a defined endpoint. Alternatively, record color development kinetically after
TMB substrate addition.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
3.
Please read these instructions carefully prior to beginning the assay.
All kit components have been formulated and quality control tested to function successfully as a kit. Modifications to the kit components or procedures may result in loss of performance.
4.
Store kit at +2-8ºC immediately upon receipt.
Refer to list of materials supplied for storage conditions of individual components. Observe the storage conditions for individual prepared components in sections 9 & 10.
5.
Item
20X Wash Buffer
Extraction Buffer
10X Blocking Buffer
PRX3 Microplate (12 x 8 well strips)
PRX3 Human Lyophilized Recombinant Protein
10X PRX3 Detector Antibody
10X HRP Label
TMB Development Solution
Stop Solution
Amount
20 mL
15 mL
6 mL
96 wells
1 Vial
1 mL
1 mL
12 mL
12 mL
Storage
Condition
(Before
Preparation)
+2-8ºC
+2-8ºC
+2-8ºC
+2-8ºC
+2-8ºC
+2-8ºC
+2-8ºC
+2-8ºC
+2-8ºC
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GENERAL INFORMATION
6.
These materials are not included in the kit, but will be required to successfully utilize this assay:
 Microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance at 600 or
450 nm.
 Method for determining protein concentration (BCA assay recommended).
 Deionized water.
 Multi and single channel pipettes.
 PBS (1.4 mM KH2PO4, 8 mM Na2HPO4, 140 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM
KCl, pH 7.3).
 Tubes for standard dilution.
 Plate shaker for all incubation steps (optional).
 Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride (PMSF) (or other protease inhibitors) and/or phosphatase inhibitors.
7.
 Assay kit intended for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
 Do not use kit or components if it has exceeded the expiration date on the kit labels.
 Do not mix or substitute reagents or materials from other kit lots or vendors. Kits are QC tested as a set of components and performance cannot be guaranteed if utilized separately or substituted.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
8.
 Samples generating values higher than the highest standard should be further diluted in the appropriate sample dilution buffers.
 Avoid foaming or bubbles when mixing or reconstituting components.
 Avoid cross contamination of samples or reagents by changing tips between sample, standard and reagent additions.
 Ensure plates are properly sealed or covered during incubation steps.
 Complete removal of all solutions and buffers during wash steps is necessary to minimize background.
 As a guide, typical ranges of sample concentration for commonly used sample types are shown below in Sample Preparation
(section 11).
 All samples should be mixed thoroughly and gently.
 Avoid multiply freeze/thaw of samples.
 Incubate ELISA plates on a plate shaker during all incubation steps (optional).
 When generating positive control samples, it is advisable to change pipette tips after each step.
 This kit is sold based on number of tests. A ‘test’ simply refers to a single assay well. The number of wells that contain sample, control or standard will vary by product. Review the protocol completely to confirm this kit meets your requirements. Please contact our
Technical Support staff with any questions.
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ASSAY PREPARATION
9.
Equilibrate all reagents to room temperature (18-25°C) prior to use.
9.1
1X Wash Buffer
Prepare 1X Wash Buffer by adding 20 mL 20X Wash Buffer to 380 mL nanopure water. Mix gently and thoroughly.
9.2
Incubation Buffer
Prepare Incubation Buffer by adding 6 mL 10X Blocking
Buffer to 54 mL 1X Wash Buffer. Mix gently and thoroughly.
9.3
1X PRX3 Detector Antibody
Prepare 1X PRX3 Detector Antibody by diluting the 10X
PRX3 Detector Antibody 10-fold with Incubation Buffer immediately prior to use. Prepare 500 µL 1X PRX3 Detector
Antibody for each 8 well strip used.
9.4
1X HRP Label
Prepare 1X HRP Label by diluting the 10X HRP Label 10fold with 1X Incubation Buffer immediately prior to use.
Prepare 500 µL 1X HRP Label for each 8 well strip used.
● After opening, the unused Incubation Buffer should be stored at
-20°C.
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ASSAY PREPARATION
10.
Prepare serially diluted standards immediately prior to use. Always prepare a fresh set of positive controls for every use.
10.1 Reconstitute the standard sample by adding 100 µL deionized water to the PRX3 lyophilized standard protein by pipette. Allow to sit for 1 minute and then rotate for 5 minutes at room temperature. This is the 20,000 U/mL Stock
Standard Solution (see table below). Any remaining stock material should be aliquoted and stored at -80°C.
Note: 1 PRX3 unit (U) represents 1 µg of E. coli-expressed
Human recombinant PRX3 protein.
10.2 Label eight tube, Standards 1– 8.
10.3 Add 180 μL 1X Incubation Buffer into tube number 1 and
200 μL 1X Incubation Buffer into numbers 2-8.
10.4 Use the Stock Standard to prepare the following dilution series. Standard #8 contains no protein and is the Blank control:
20 µL
100 µL 100 µL 100 µL 100 µL 100 µL 100 µL
20,000
U/mL
2,000
U/mL
666.7
U/mL
222.2
U/mL
74.1
U/mL
24.7
U/mL
8.2
pg/mL
2.7
U/mL
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ASSAY PREPARATION
11.
TYPICAL SAMPLE DYNAMIC RANGE -
Sample Type
Typical working ranges
Range (µg/mL)
HepG2 cells
HeLa
Hek293T
32 – 500
32 – 500
32 – 500
11.1
Preparation of extracts from cell pellets
11.1.1 Collect non adherent cells by centrifugation or scrape to collect adherent cells from the culture flask. Typical centrifugation conditions for cells are
500 x g for 5 minutes at 4ºC.
11.1.2 Rinse cells twice with PBS.
11.1.3 Solubilize cell pellet at 2x10 7 /mL in Extraction Buffer
11.1.4 Incubate on ice for 20 minutes. Centrifuge at
18,000 x g for 20 minutes at 4°C. Transfer the supernatants into clean tubes and discard the pellets. Assay samples immediately or aliquot and store at -80°C. The sample protein concentration in the extract may be quantified using a protein assay.
11.2
Preparation of extracts from adherent cells by direct lysis (alternative protocol)
11.2.1 Remove growth media and rinse adherent cells 2 times in PBS.
11.2.2 Solubilize the cells by addition of Extraction Buffer directly to the plate (use 750 µL - 1.5 mL Extraction
Buffer per confluent 15 cm diameter plate).
11.2.3 Scrape the cells into a test tube and incubate the lysate on ice for 15 minutes. Centrifuge at
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ASSAY PREPARATION
18,000 x g for 20 minutes at 4°C. Transfer the supernatants into clean tubes and discard the pellets. Assay samples immediately or aliquot and store at -80°C. The sample protein concentration in the extract may be quantified using a protein assay.
11.3
Preparation of extracts from tissue homogenates
11.3.1 Tissue lysates are typically prepared by homogenization of tissue that is first minced and thoroughly rinsed in PBS to remove blood (dounce homogenizer recommended).
11.3.2 Homogenize 100 to 200 mg of wet tissue in
500 µL – 1 mL of the supplied extraction buffer. For lower amounts of tissue adjust volumes accordingly.
11.3.3 Incubate on ice for 20 minutes. Centrifuge at
18,000 x g for 20 minutes at 4°C. Transfer the supernatants into clean tubes and discard the pellets. Assay samples immediately or aliquot and store at -80°C. The sample protein concentration in the extract may be quantified using a protein assay.
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ASSAY PREPARATION
12.
PLATE PREPARATION
 The 96 well plate strips included with this kit are supplied ready to use. It is not necessary to rinse the plate prior to adding reagents.
 Unused well strips should be returned to the plate packet and stored at 4°C.
 For each assay performed, a minimum of 2 wells must be used as the zero control.
 For statistical reasons, we recommend each sample should be assayed with a minimum of two replicates (duplicates).
 Well effects have not been observed with this assay.
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ASSAY PROCEDURE
13.
ASSAY PROCEDURE
 Equilibrate all materials and prepared reagents to room temperature prior to use.
 It is recommended to assay all standards, controls and samples in duplicate.
13.1
Prepare all reagents, working standards, and samples as directed in the previous sections.
13.2
Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame, return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, reseal and return to 4ºC storage.
13.3
The samples should be diluted within the working range of the assay in 1X Incubation Buffer. As a guide, typical ranges of sample concentration are shown above (section
11). Add 50 µL of all samples or standards to appropriate wells. Include a 1X Incubation Buffer well as a background control.
13.4
Cover/seal the plate and incubate shaking at 400 rpm for two hours at room temperature.
13.5
Wash each well with 2 x 300 µL 1X Wash Buffer. Wash by aspirating or decanting from wells then dispensing 300 µL
1X Wash Buffer into each well. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential for good performance. After the last wash invert the plate and blot it against clean paper towels to remove excess liquid.
13.6
Add 50 µL of 1X PRX3 Detector antibody (step 9.3) to each well used. Cover/seal the plate and incubate shaking at
400 rpm for one hour at room temperature.
13.7
Repeat Step 13.5.
13.8
Add 50 µL of 1X HRP labeled Secondary Detector antibody
(step 9.4) to each well used. Cover/seal the plate and incubate shaking at 400rpm for one hour at room temperature.
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ASSAY PROCEDURE
13.9
Wash each well with 3 x 300 µL 1X Wash Buffer. Wash by aspirating or decanting from wells then dispensing 300 µL
1X Wash Buffer into each well. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential for good performance. After the last wash invert the plate and blot it against clean paper towels to remove excess liquid.
13.10 Add 50 µL TMB Development Solution to each well used and incubate for 8 minutes on a plate shaker set to 400 rpm.
13.11 Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Shake plate on a plate shaker for 1 minute to mix. Record the OD at 450 nm.
Alternative to 13.10 – 13.11: Instead of the endpoint reading at 450 nm, record the development of TMB
Substrate kinetically. Immediately after addition of TMB
Development Solution begin recording the blue color development with elapsed time in the microplate reader prepared with the following settings:
Mode: Kinetic
Wavelength: 600 nm
Time: up to 8 min
Interval: 10 sec - 1 min
Shaking: Shake between readings
Note that an endpoint reading can also be recorded at the completion of the kinetic read by adding 50 µL Stop
Solution to each well and recording the OD at 450 nm
13.12 Analyze the data as described below.
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DATA ANALYSIS
14.
Subtract average zero standard reading from all readings. Average the duplicate readings of the positive control dilutions and plot against their concentrations. Draw the best smooth curve through these points to construct a standard curve. Most plate reader software or graphing software can plot these values and curve fit. A four parameter algorithm (4PL) usually provides the best fit, though other equations can be examined to see which provides the most accurate (e.g. linear, semi-log, log/log, 4 parameter logistic). Read relative protein concentrations for unknown samples from the standard curve plotted.
Samples producing signals greater than that of the highest standard should be further diluted and reanalyzed, then multiplying the concentration found by the appropriate dilution factor.
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DATA ANALYSIS
15.
TYPICAL STANDARD CURVE – Data provided for demonstration purposes only . A new standard curve must be generated for each assay performed.
Conc.
(U/mL)
0
2.7
8.2
24.7
74.1
222.2
666.7
2,000
Standard Curve Measurements
O.D.
1 2 3
0.069
0.074
0.082
0.104
0.194
0.447
1.079
2.333
0.068
0.078
0.084
0.107
0.190
0.416
1.037
2.404
0.069
0.070
0.076
0.103
0.190
0.420
1.045
2.283
Mean O.D.
0.069
0.074
0.081
0.105
0.191
0.428
1.054
2.340
Figure 1.
Example of PRX3 standard curve prepared as described in Section
10. Raw end point data values are shown in the table. Background-subtracted data values (mean +/- SD) are graphed . Data generated using endpoint reading.
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DATA ANALYSIS
16.
SENSITIVITY -
The calculated minimal detectable dose (MDD) is 1.7 U/mL . The MDD was determined by calculating the mean of zero standard replicates and adding 2 standard deviations then extrapolating the corresponding concentrations.
RECOVERY –
Three concentrations of PRX3 Human Recombinant Protein were spiked in duplicate to the indicated biological matrix to evaluate signal recovery in the working range of the assay.
Sample Type
50% Extraction Buffer
10% Normal Human Serum
10% Fetal Bovine Serum
Average %
Recovery
119.5
105.6
109.2
Range (%)
97.8 – 146.9
84.7 – 123.7
99.4 – 118.4
LINEARITY OF DILUTION –
Linearity of dilution is determined based on raw O.D values from the standard curve. Linearity of dilution defines a sample concentration interval in which interpolated target concentrations are directly proportional to sample dilution.
Dilution
No Dilution
1:3
1:9
1:27
Interpolated PRX3
(U/mL)
590.96
206.05
79.26
29.71
O.D.
0.62
0.26
0.14
0.09
% Expected
Value
90.75
100
115.4
129.74
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DATA ANALYSIS
PRECISION –
Mean coefficient of variations of interpolated values from HepG2 cell extracts within the working range of the assay. n=
CV (%)
Intra-
Assay
9
3.0
Inter-
Assay
3
3.9
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DATA ANALYSIS
17.
This kit recognizes Human Peroxiredoxin 3 protein in Human cell and tissue extracts.
CROSS REACTIVITY -
The proteins listed below were prepared at 222 U/mL and assayed for cross-reactivity. No significant cross-reactivity was observed.
Recombinant Human:
Peroxiredoxin 1
Peroxiredoxin 2
Peroxiredoxin 4
Peroxiredoxin 5
Peroxiredoxin 6
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RESOURCES
18.
Problem
Poor standard curve
Low Signal
Large CV
Low sensitivity
Cause
Inaccurate pipetting
Solution
Check pipettes
Improper standard dilution
Prior to opening, briefly spin the stock standard tube and dissolve the powder thoroughly by gentle mixing
Incubation times too brief
Ensure sufficient incubation times; change to overnight standard/sample incubation
Inadequate reagent volumes or improper dilution
Check pipettes and ensure correct preparation
Plate is insufficiently washed
Contaminated wash buffer
Review manual for proper wash technique. If using a plate washer, check all ports for obstructions
Make fresh wash buffer
Improper storage of the ELISA kit
Store your reconstituted standards at -80°C, all other assay components 4°C.
Keep substrate solution protected from light
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19.
RESOURCES
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RESOURCES
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UK, EU and ROW
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Germany
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Switzerland
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Canada
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Japan
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