11--REFERENCES--175-180 4/30/03 11:55 AM Page 175
Alesina, Alberto, and Beatrice Weder. 2000. Do Corrupt Governments Receive Less Foreign
Aid? American Economic Review 92, no. 4 (September): 1126–37.
Azam, Jean-Paul, Shantayanan Devarajan, and Stephen A. O’Connell. 1999. Aid Dependence
Reconsidered. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2144. Washington: World
Bank.
Barro, Robert J. 1998. Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bauer, Peter T. 1971. Dissent on Development: Studies and Debates in Development Economics.
London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Berg, Elliot. 2002. Increasing the Effectiveness of Aid: A Critique of Some Current Views.
Paper prepared for the Expert Group Meeting, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations (January 24–25).
Birdsall, Nancy. 2002. Selecting for Success and Reaching the Poor: MCA Eligibility Criteria
Can Do Both. Washington: Center for Global Development (October 28). www.cgdev.org/ nv/eligibility.pdf.
Birdsall, Nancy, Ruth Levine, Sarah Lucas, and Sonal Shah. 2002. On Eligibility Criteria for the Millennium Challenge Account. Washington: Center for Global Development (September 12). www.cgdev.org/nv/MCA_criteria.pdf.
Birdsall, Nancy, and Michael Clemens. 2003. From Promise to Performance: How Rich
Countries Can Help Poor Countries Help Themselves. Center for Global Development
Brief (March). Washington: Center for Global Development.
Birdsall, Nancy, and John Williamson, assisted by Brian Deese. 2002. Delivering on Debt
Relief: From IMF Gold to a New Aid Architecture. Washington: Institute for International
Economics.
Birkelund, John P. 2001. Doing Good While Doing Well: The Unheralded Success of American Enterprise Funds. Foreign Affairs 80, no. 5 (September/October).
Bloom, David, and David Canning. 2000. The Health and Wealth of Nations. Science 287:
1207–08.
Bloom, David, and David Canning. 2001. Cumulative Causality, Economic Growth and the
Demographic Transition. In Population Matters: Demographic Change, Economic Growth,
and Poverty in the Developing World, ed. Nancy Birdsall, Allen C. Kelley, and Steven Sinding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
175

11--REFERENCES--175-180 4/30/03 11:55 AM Page 176
Boone, Peter. 1996. Politics and the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid. European Economic Review
40, no. 2 (February): 289–329.
Bradford, Colin. 2002a. Toward 2015: From Consensus Formation to Implementation of the
Millennium Development Goals. The Historical Background: The Consensus Formation
Phase 1990–2002. Department of Economics, American University, Washington, DC.
Photocopy (December).
Bradford, Colin. 2002b. Toward 2015: From Consensus Formation to Implementation of the
Millennium Development Goals. Issues for the Future: The Implementation Phase. Department of Economics, American University, Washington, DC. Photocopy (December).
Brainard, Lael. 2003. Compassionate Conservatism Confronts Global Poverty. Washington
Quarterly 26, no. 2 (Spring).
Brainard, Lael, Carol Graham, Nigel Purvis, Steven Radelet, and Gayle Smith. 2003. The
Other War: Global Poverty and the Millennium Challenge Account. Washington: Brookings
Institution and Center for Global Development (forthcoming).
Bruns, Barbara, Alain Mingat, and Ramahatra Rakotomalala. 2003. A Chance for Every Child:
Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015. Washington: World Bank.
Bulír, Ale
 s, and A. Javier Hamann. 2001. How Volatile and Predictable Are Aid Flows, and
What Are the Policy Implications? Paper presented at the IMF Workshop on Macroeconomic Policies and Poverty Reduction (April 12–13). Washington: International Monetary Fund.
Bulír, Ale
 s, and Timothy Lane. 2002. Aid and Fiscal Management. Paper presented at the
IMF Conference on Macroeconomics and Poverty (March 14–15). Washington: International Monetary Fund.
Burnside, Craig, and David Dollar. 2000. Aid, Policies, and Growth. American Economic Re-
view 90, no. 4 (September): 847–68.
Chenery, Hollis B., and Alan M. Strout. 1966. Foreign Assistance and Economic Development. American Economic Review 56, no. 4 (September): 679–733.
Clemens, Michael, and Steven Radelet. 2003. The Millennium Challenge Account: How
Much Is Too Much, and How Long Is Long Enough? Center for Global Development
Working Paper 23 (February). Washington: Center for Global Development.
www.cgdev.org/wp/cgd_wp023.pdf.
Collier, Paul, and David Dollar. 2002. Aid Allocation and Poverty Reduction. European Eco-
nomic Review 45 (1): 1–26.
Collier, Paul, and Anke Hoeffler. 2002. Aid, Policy and Growth in Post-Conflict Societies.
Photocopy. World Bank, Washington.
Dalgaard, Carl-Johan, Henrik Hansen, and Finn Tarp. 2002. On the Empirics of Foreign Aid and Growth. Working Paper 02/08. Centre for Research in Economic Development and
International Trade, University of Nottingham.
Devarajan, Shantayanan, A.S. Rajkumar, and V. Swaroop. 1999. What Does Aid to Africa
Finance? World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2092. Washington: World Bank.
Djankov, Simeon, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer. 2002. The
Regulation of Entry. Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, no. 1 (February): 1–37.
Durbarry, Ramesh, Norman Gemmell, and David Greenaway. 1998. New Evidence on the
Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth. Working Paper 02/08, Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham.
Easterly, William. 2000. The Elusive Quest For Growth: Economists’ Adventures and Misadven-
tures in the Tropics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Easterly, William. 2002. Cartel of Good Intentions: Bureaucracy Versus Markets in Foreign
Aid. Center for Global Development Working Paper 4 (March). Washington: Center for
Global Development. www.cgdev.org/wp/cgd_wp004_rev.pdf.
Easterly, William, Ross Levine, and David Roodman. 2003. New Data, New Doubts: Revisiting ‘Aid, Policies, and Growth.’ Center for Global Development Working Paper
176 CHALLENGING FOREIGN AID

11--REFERENCES--175-180 4/30/03 11:55 AM Page 177
26 (February). Washington: Center for Global Development. www.cgdev.org/wp/cgd_ wp026.pdf.
Freedom House. 2002. Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil
Liberties 2001–2002. Washington: Freedom House. www.freedomhouse.org/research/ index.htm.
Gertler, P.J. 2000. Final Report: The Impact of PROGRESA on Health. Washington: International
Food Policy Research Institute (November). www.ifpri.org/themes/progresa/health.
htm.
Hadjimichael, Michael T., Dhaneshwar Ghura, Martin Muhleisen, Roger Nord, and E. Murat
Ucer. 1995. Sub-Saharan Africa: Growth, Savings, and Investment, 1986–93. IMF Occasional Paper 118. Washington: International Monetary Fund.
Hansen, Henrik, and Finn Tarp. 2000. Aid Effectiveness Disputed. Journal of International De-
velopment 12, no. 3: 375–98.
Hansen, Henrik. 2001. The Impact of Aid and External Debt on Growth and Investment: Insights from Cross-Country Regression Analysis. Paper presented at WIDER Conference on Debt Relief, Helsinki (August 17–18).
Heller, Peter, and Sanjeev Gupta. 2002. Challenges in Expanding Development Assistance.
IMF Policy Discussion Paper PDP/02/5. Washington: International Monetary Fund.
Ikenberry, G. John. 2003. Is American Multilateralism in Decline? Photocopy. Washington:
Georgetown University, Washington.
International Monetary Fund. 2002. Annual Report of the Executive Board for the Financial Year
2002. Washington: International Monetary Fund.
Kanbur, Ravi, and Todd Sandler. 1999. The Future of Development Assistance: Common Pools
and International Public Goods. Overseas Development Council Policy Essay 5. Washington: Overseas Development Council.
Kaufmann, Daniel, and Aart Kraay. 2002a. Governance Indicators, Aid Allocation, and the
Millennium Challenge Account. Draft World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
World Bank, Washington. www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/mca.htm.
Kaufmann, Daniel, and Aart Kraay. 2002b. Growth without Governance. Paper presented at the 5th Economía Panel Meeting, Harvard University (April 26).
Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi. 2003. Governance Matters III: Time
Series for Indicators 1996–2002. Draft World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
World Bank, Washington.
Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Pablo Zoido-Lobatón. 1999a. Aggregating Governance
Indicators. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2195. Washington: World
Bank. www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pubs/aggindicators.htm.
Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Pablo Zoido-Lobatón. 1999b. Governance Matters.
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2196. Washington: World Bank.
www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pubs/govmatters.htm.
Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Pablo Zoido-Lobatón. 2002. Governance Matters II:
Updated Governance Indicators for 2000–01. World Bank Policy Research Working
Paper No. 2772. Washington: World Bank. www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pubs/ govmatters2001.htm.
Knack, Stephen. 2000. Aid Dependence and the Quality of Governance: A Cross-Country
Empirical Analysis. Policy Research Working Paper 2396. Washington: World Bank.
Knack, Stephen, and Philip Keefer. 1995. Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-
Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures. Economics and Politics 7, no. 3:
207–27.
Lancaster, Carol. 2000. Transforming Foreign Aid: United States Assistance in the 21 st Century.
Washington: Institute for International Economics.
Lancaster, Carol. 2002. Where to Put the Millennium Challenge Account? Washington: Center for Global Development (October). www.cgdev.org/nv/where_MCA.pdf.
Lancaster, Carol, and Samuel Wangwe. 2000. Managing a Smooth Transition from Aid Depen-
dence in Africa. Policy Essay No. 28. Washington: Overseas Development Council.
REFERENCES 177

11--REFERENCES--175-180 4/30/03 11:55 AM Page 178
Lensink, Robert, and Howard White. 1999a. Are There Negative Returns to Aid? Working
Paper 99E60, Graduate School of Systems, Organization and Management. Groningen:
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Lensink, Robert, and Howard White. 1999b. Is There an Aid Laffer Curve? Working Paper
99/6, Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham.
Mankiw, N.G., Romer, D., and Weil, D.N. 1992. A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic
Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics 107: 407–37.
McGillivray, Mark, and Akhter Ahmed. 1994. Aid, Saving and Investment Reexplored: The
Cases of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Asian Economic Review 36, no. 3 (December).
Mosley, Paul, John Hudson, and Sara Horrell. 1987. Aid, the Public Sector and the Market in
Less Developed Countries. Economic Journal 97 (September): 616–41.
Oxfam. 2002. Cultivating Poverty: The Impact of US Cotton Subsidies on Africa. Oxfam
Briefing Paper 30. www.oxfam.org.uk/policy/papers/30cotton/30cotton.pdf.
Palley, Thomas. 2003. The Millennium Challenge Account: Elevating the Significance of
Democracy as a Qualifying Criterion. Open Society Institute Discussion Paper. Washington: Open Society Institute (January).
Pasicolan, Paolo, and Sara J. Fitzgerald. 2002. The Millennium Challenge Account: Linking
Aid with Economic Freedom. Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 1602. Washington: Heritage Foundation (October). www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/ loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=30737.
Pritchett, Lant. 2001. Where Has All the Education Gone? World Bank Economic Review 15, no.
3 (December): 367–91.
Pritchett, Lant, and Deon Filmer. 1999. The Impact of Public Spending on Health: Does
Money Matter? Social Science and Medicine 40, no. 10.
Radelet, Steven. 2002a. Qualifying for the Millennium Challenge Account. Washington: Center for Global Development (November). http://www.cgdev.org/nv/Choosing_MCA_
Countries.pdf.
Radelet, Steven. 2002b. Beyond the Indicators: Delivering Effective Foreign Assistance through the Millennium Challenge Account. Washington: Center for Global Development (September). http://www.cgdev.org/nv/features_MCA.html.
Radelet, Steven. 2003. Will the Millennium Challenge Account Be Different? Washington
Quarterly 26, no. 2 (Spring).
Reichel, Richard. 1995. Development Aid, Saving, and Growth in the 1980s: A Cross-Section
Analysis. Saving and Development 19, no. 3.
Ruttan, Vernon. 1996. United States Development Assistance Policy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press.
Smith, Gayle. 2002. Absorptive Capacity—What it is and what to do about it. Washington.
Photocopy (November).
Sperling, Gene, and Tom Hart. 2003. A Better Way to Fight Global Poverty: Broadening the
Millennium Challenge Account. Foreign Affairs 82, no. 2 (March/April).
Tarnoff, Curt, and Larry Nowels. 2001. Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy. Washington: Congressional Research Service (April).
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). 2002. Human Development Report 2002:
Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World. New York: Oxford University Press.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2003. Foreign Aid in the Na-
tional Interest: Promoting Freedom, Security, and Opportunity. Washington: USAID.
http://www.usaid.gov/fani/.
United States National Security Council. 2002. The National Security Strategy of the United
States of America. www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf.
Van de Walle, Nicolas. 2003. A Comment on the MCA Proposals. CGD Brief. Washington:
Center for Global Development (January 9). www.cgdev.org/briefs/vandewalle_
20030109.pdf.
178 CHALLENGING FOREIGN AID

11--REFERENCES--175-180 4/30/03 11:55 AM Page 179
White, Howard. 1994. Foreign Aid, Taxes, and Public Investment: A Further Comment. Jour-
nal of Development Economics 45: 155–63.
WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. 2001. Macroeconomics and Health:
Investing in Health for Economic Development. Cambridge, MA, and Geneva: Harvard University and World Health Organization. www.cid.harvard.edu/cidcmh/CMH
Report.pdf.
World Bank. 1998. Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn’t, and Why. Washington: World
Bank.
World Bank. 2002a. A Case for Aid: Building a Consensus for Development Assistance. Washington: World Bank.
World Bank. 2002b. Human Development Network, Africa Region and Education Department. Achieving Education for All by 2015: Simulation Results for 47 Low-Income
Countries. Washington: World Bank. Photocopy. www1.worldbank.org/education/ pdf/EFA%20Complete%20Draft.pdf.
Younger, Stephen. 1992. Aid and the Dutch Disease: Macroeconomic Management When
Everybody Loves You. World Development 20, no. 11.
REFERENCES 179

11--REFERENCES--175-180 4/30/03 11:55 AM Page 180