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Success Plan Prepared by: G.Ñ. çÜ$«§éMýSÆŠæ, gñæyŠæï³òßæ^ŒæG‹Ü& C¯]l$MýS$Ç¢, ¯ðlË*ÏÆý‡$ hÌêÏ. 9. A. 10. 1. HEAT A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Convert 20ºC into Kelvin scale? A. Temperature in Kelvin = 273 + Temperature in degree celcius ∴ K = 273 + C C = 20oC K = 273 + 20 = 293 ∴ 20oC = 293k 2. How fog is formed. A. At very low temperature, the water molecules present in vapour condense on the dust particles in air to form a thick mist known as fog. Fog reduces visibility by a large extent. 3. Write the effect of pressure, on melting of ice? A. With increase in pressure the melting point of ice reduces. 4. Equal amounts of water kept in a cup and in a dish. Which will evaporate faster? Why? A. The surface area of water in dish is more than the surface area of water in cup. Evaporation increases with increasing in surface area. So, water in dish will evaporate faster. 5. A desert is very hot in the day and very cool at night why? A. Because of low specific heat capacity, air above earth heated up quickly in the day and cooled quickly at night. 6. Why does ice floats on water? A. When water converts into ice its volume increases so density decreases. Hence density of ice is less than water, ice floats on water. 7. What is latent heat of vapourization? A. The heat energy required to change 1 gm of liquid to gas at constant temperature is called latent heat of vapourization. 8. Why do we sweat while doing a work? A. When we work, our bodies produce heat. As a result the temperature of the skin becomes higher and water in the sweat Oxidation is a reaction that involves the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen. Reduction is a reaction that involves the addition of hydrogen or removal of oxygen. 11. A. glands start evaporating. This evaporation cools the body. What is humidity? The amount of water vapour present in air is called humidity. What are the factors affecting rate of evaporation? Surface area, temperature and amount of water vapour already present in the surrounding air What is the value of latent heat of fusion of ice? 80 cal/gm 2 Marks 1. What would be the final temperature of a mixture of 60 gm of water at 30ºC temperature and 60 gm of water at 60ºC temperature? 2. Why do we get dew on the surface of a cold soft drink bottle kept in open air? 3. Write the differences between evaporation and boiling? 4. Explain why dogs pant during hot summer days using the concept of evaporation? 5. What happens to the water when wet clothes dry? 6. What happens, when water is kept in a refrigerator? 4 Marks 1. Your friend is asked to differentiate between evaporation and boiling. What question could you ask to make him to know the difference between evaporation and boiling? 2. How do you appreciate the role of the higher specific heat of water in stabilising atmospheric temperature during winter and summer? 3. Determine the specific heat of solid experimentally? 4. Your teacher made an experiment that shows the information of dew and frost. Explain how you show they effect on the rate of evaporation? 2. CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Define formula unit? A. A formula unit implies one unit, whether atom ion or molecule corresponding to a given formula. 2. Which chemical reaction is involved in the corrosion of Iron? A. Oxidation 3. NH4Cl → ΝΗ3 + ΗCl. What type of reaction it shows? A. Chemical decomposition. 4. What are new substances formed due to decomposition of Lead Nitrate? A. PbO; NO2; O2 5. Write the examples of Anti-oxidants? A. Vitamin E and Vitamin C. 6. Which gas is used in the chips like Lays and Kurkure’s? A. Nitrogen gas 7. Write the formula of rust? A. Fe2O3.XH2O 8. State important uses of decomposition reaction? A. Extract metals from their compounds & digestion of food. 9. What happens when silver chloride exposed to sunlight? A. 2 AgCl →2Ag+Cl2↑ 10. Why photosynthesis reaction considered as endothermic reaction? A. During photosynthesis plants absorb heat from sunlight. So, photosynthesis reaction is example for endothermic reaction. 11. What is antioxidant? A. The substance which is used to prevent oxidation are called antioxidants. 12. Why do we apply paint on iron articles? A. To prevent corrosion. 13. Give any two examples of double displacement reactions? A. (i) BaCl2+Na2SO4→2NaCl+BaSO4 (ii) 2KI+Pb(NO3)2→ PbI2+2KNO3 14. Which metal is used in the manufacture of Diwali crackers? A. Magnesium. 15. Which type of reaction involved when silver bromide is exposed to sunlight? A. Photo chemical reaction. 2 Marks 1. Name the reactants and products in the following chemical equations. Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl 2. What is meant by precipitation reaction? Give example? 3. Why does respiration reaction considered as exothermic reaction? Explain? 4. What do you mean by corrosion? How can you prevent it? 5. A shiny brown coloured ‘X’ on heating in air becomes black colour. Can u predict the element ‘X’ and the black colour substance formed? How do you support your predictions? 4 Marks 1. What is information can we interpret from a balanced chemical equation? 2. Balance the following chemical equations including the physical states? a) C6H12O6 →C2H5OH + CO2 b) Fe+O2 →Fe2O3 c) NH3+Cl2→N2H4+NH4Cl d) Na+H2O→NaOH+H2 3. Give some daily life Oxidation Reactions? 4. Take two beakers and prepare Lead nitrate aqueous solution and Potassium iodide aqueous solutions. What are the colours of solutions. Now mix them in another beaker. What happens? What type of chemical reaction it is? What are products obtained? 5. Latha take some quantity of powder of a substance in a test tube. Heated it with spirit lamp. A gas was liberated. She send the gas into another test tube. The colour of solution in the second test tube turned into milk white? 1) Which substance was heated 2) Which gas is liberated 3) What was the solution taken in second test tube 4) Which type of chemical reactions involved the experiment 3. REFLECTION OF LIGHT BY DIFFERENT SURFACES IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Write differences between Real image and Virtual image. A. Real image can be obtained on a screen. Virtual image cannot be obtained on a screen. 2. The magnification of plane mirror is 1. Give reasons. A. Magnification +1 indicates the image is erect and size of the image is equal to size of the object. 3. What should happen if we increase the size of the hole of the pinhole camera. A. If the size of the hole of pinhole camera is increased, the image seems to be blurred. 4. Name some apparatus which can work on the principle of reflection of light. A. Periscope & Kaleidoscope, Solar cooker, solar heaters, TV, Dish Antenna. 5. State Fermat’s principle? A. It states that the light selects the path Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter. 6. A. 7. A. 8. which takes the least time to travel. It is also applicable to reflection of light. Which type of mirrors are used in head light of vehicles? Concave mirrors are used in the head lights of vehicles. Why does our image appear thin or bulged? Due to converging (or) diverging of light rays from the mirror. Write the mirror formula? 1 1 1 = + ƒ: focal length, u : object f u v A. distance, v = image distance 9. Which mirrors are used in saloons and sweets shops? A. Plane mirrors 10. Which principle involved in the working of periscope? A. Principle of reflection of light. 11. Which mirrors are used by dentists and ENT specialist? A. Concave mirrors 12. Preetham saw his face in the car's mirror and found that his image is small. Which type of mirror is that? A. Convex mirror. 13. Which principle is used in the law of reflection? A. Fermat principle. 2 Marks 1. Explain the lateral (right-left) inversion of the image in plane mirrors through an example? 2. How do you appreciate the use of reflection of light by a concave mirror in making of T.V. antenna dishes? 3. Explain the process of making a solar cooker/heater (or) Make a solar heater/ cooker and explain the process of making. 4. How do you appreciate the role of spherical mirrors in daily life? (or) What are the applications of spherical mirrors in daily life? 5. How do you find the focal length of a concave mirror? 6. Write the rules for sign convention of spherical mirrors? 4 Marks 1. Write the experimental method to measure the distance of object and image using concave mirror? And write the table for observations? 2. Write the experimental method in verification laws of reflection in plane mirrors? 3. How do you support your answer to “When light gets reflected from a surface, it selects the path that takes the least time”? 4. What is magnification? Derive the formula for magnification of spherical mirrors? 4. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Is the substance present in antacid tablet acidic or basic? A. The substance present in antacid tablet is basic. 2. Write any two acid-base indicators? A. Methyl orange, Phenolphthalein. 3. Give an example for salt posses water of crystallization? A. CaSO4.2H2O; CuSO4.5H2O; CaSO4.½H2O. 4. Write the chemical name of Baking soda? A. Sodium hydrogen carbonate 5. Write the formula of plaster of Paris? A. CaSO4.½H2O 6. Why does distilled water not conduct electricity? A. Distilled water does not conduct electricity due to no ions present in distilled water. 7. Give two examples of neutralization reaction? A. NaOH+HCl →NaCl+H2O NaOH+CH3COOH →CH3COONa+H2O 8. What is acid rain? A. When pH of rain water is less than 5.6, it is called acid rain. 9. What are Amphoteric oxides? A. Oxides capable of showing properties for both acids & bases. 10. Which substance is used for making chalks and fire proof material? A. Plaster of Paris. 11. Give any two examples of olfactory indicators? A. Vanilla essence & clove oil. 12. Write the formula of baking soda & washing soda? A. Baking soda : NaHCO3 Washing Soda : Na2CO3.10H2O 13. Which acid derived from lemon and turn blue litmus to Red? A. Citric acid. 14. Define universal pH indicator? A. A mixture of several indicator is called universal pH indicator. 15. Define alkalis? A. Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis. 16. Which substance used to control the stomach pain causes due to indigestion? A. Antacid. 2 Marks 1. Conduct an activity to know the strength of acid (or) base? 2. Plaster of paris should be stored in a moisture proof container explain why? 3. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How does the pH change as it turns to curd? Explain your answer? 4 Marks 1. Equal lengths of Mg ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid is added to test tube A. While acetic acid is added to test tube B. Amount of concentration of both the acids is same. In which test tube will the fizzing occurs more vigorously and why ? 2. Write the formulae for the following salts. (a) Sodium sulphate (b) Ammonium chloride. Identify the acids and bases for which the above salts are obtained also write chemical equations for the reactions between such acids and bases which type of chemical reactions they are? VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 10th Class Special- Physical Science 3. Compounds such as alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen but are not categorized as acids. Describe an activity to prove it. 4. Acids produce ions only in aqueous solution? Justify your answer with an activity. 5. Write any 4 uses of (a) Washing soda (b) Baking soda. 5.REFRACTION OF LIGHT AT PLANE SURFACES IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Can you take a photograph of a mirage? A. Yes, eventhough mirage is a virtual image, we can take the photograph of a mirage. 2. Define critical angle? A. The angle of incidence in denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the rarer medium is 90º is called critical angle. 3 A. The perpendicular distance between the emergent and incident rays which are parallel is called shift. 12. Is the refractive index for a given pair of medium depend on the angle of incidence? A. No. It is independent of the angle of incidence. 2 Marks 1. How do you appreciate the process of total internal reflection in nature? 2. You are given kerosene, ice and water. In which of these does the light travel faster? 3. How do you appreciate the role of Fermat principle in drawing ray diagrams. 4. What is the angle of deviation produced by a glass slab? Explain with ray diagram? 5. Why is it difficult to shoot a fish swimming in water? 6. Take a bright metal ball and make it black with soot in a candle flame. Immerse it in water. How does it appear and why? 4 Marks 1. Derive the Snell’s formula for Fermat Principle. 2. What is meant by Total internal reflection and derive the relation between critical angle and total internal reflection? 3. Explain the experiment that showing the relation between angle of incidence and angle of refraction through the figure? 4. Explain the experiment that showing the determination of position and nature of image formed by a glass slab through the figure? 3. What is optically denser medium? A. The medium in which speed of light is less is called optically denser medium. 4. Determine the refractive index of benzene if the critical angle of it is 42º? A. Critical angle of benzene (C) = 42º n= 1 1 = = 1.51 sin C sin 42 0 5. What is lateral shift? A. Side wise shift when a ray of light is incident obliquely on a parallel sided glass slab. 6. Name the colour of light for which critical angle is minimum? A. Violet. 7. What are applications of total internal reflection? A. Formation of mirages, brilliance of diamond, working of optical fibre. 8. Find the critical angle for a material of refractive index √2? 1 1 ⇒ SinC = = C = 450 µ 2 When is angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction? When light travels perpendicular to surface it will not undergo any refraction. So angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction. What is the principle involved in the optical fibre? Total internal reflection. Define shift? A. SinC = 9. A. 10. A. 11. 6. REFRACTION OF LIGHT AT CURVED SURFACES IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Can a virtual image be photographed by a Camera? A. Yes a virtual image can be photographed by a camera. 2. Give two uses of a convex lens? A. (i) used in projectors (ii) Cameras 3. Do only convex lens converge? A. No, a concave mirror also converge. 4. What is positive lens? A. Convex lens. 5. Define principal axis? A. The line joining the centre of curvature and the pole is called principal axis. 6. Write the lens formula? A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is clled PHscale. PH value of a solution is simply a number which indicates the acidic or basic nature of a solution. 4 1 v A. − 10th Class Special- Physical Science 1 1 = u f 7. Write the lens makers formula? A. Hans Christian Oersted was one of the leading scientist of the 19th century, played a crucial role in understanding electromagnetism. The unit of magnetic field strength is named Oersted in his honour. Oersted was made a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1822. VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 1 1 1 = (n − 1) − f R1 R 2 8. Which lens will form both real and virtual images? A. Plane mirror. 9. What is negative lens? A. Concave lens. 10. Draw the plane-concave mirror? 2. A. 3. A. 4. A. A. 5. A. sities by the atom or molecule is called scattering of light Name of the part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering into the eye? Iris. Define angle of vision? What is its value? The maximum angle at which we are able to see the where object is called angle of vision. Angle of vision for healthy human is 60º Define least distance of distinct vision? What is its value? It is the least distance at which a person can see an object comfortably and distinctly. Value is 25 cm. What are rods? Rods are the receptors which identify the colour. What is retina? The retina is delicate membrane, which acts as a screen, the eye lens formula a real and inverted image of an object on the retina. What are cones? Cones are the receptors identify the intensity of light. Which colour is best for school buses? Yellow (or) Orange. What is an optic nerve? Optic nerve is nerve which transmit the light signals to the brain. What type of lens used to correct myopia? Bi concave. State the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation? It can adjust the focal length of the eye lens. What is the function of pupil in human eye? It allows the light falling on iris. Write the formula of refractive index of the prism? 2 Marks 1. Suppose you are inside the water in swimming pool near an edge. A friend is standing on the edge. Do you find your friend taller or shorter than his usual height? Why? 2. Preethi tells Sushant that the double convex lens behaves like a convergent lens. But Sushant knows that Preethi assertion is wrong and corrected Preethi by asking some questions. What are the questions asked by Sushant? 3. Draw a ray diagram for the following positions and explain the nature and position of image i) Object is placed at C2 ii) Object is placed between F2 and optic centre P? 4. A plane convex lens whose n=1.5 has a curved surface of radius 15cm what is its focal length? Why do you see a diminished image? How could this happen? 5. Write the steps involved in sign convention used in lenses? 6. A. 4 Marks 1. Derive the formula of image formation in refraction at curved surfaces? 2. Derive the lens formula? 3. Derive the lens maker’s formula? 4. Write the experimental method and apparatus required in finding out the image formation using convex lens? A+D Sin 2 A. µ = A Sin 2 7. HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Define scattering of light? A. The process of re-emission of absorbed light in all directions with different inten- When light travels from one medium to another, its direction changes at the interface. The phenomenon of changing direction at the interface of the two media is known as refraction. 7. A. 8. A. 9. A. 10. A. 11. A. 12. A. 13. 4 Marks 1. Derive the formula for refractive index of a prism? 2. Write the different characteristics of red colour and violet colours in dispersion of light? 3. Explain briefly the reasons for the blue colour of the sky? 4. Write the experimental procedure of finding the refractive index of a prism? 5. Explain the formation of rainbow with the help of water drop diagram? 8. STRUCTURE OF ATOM IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. What is electron spin.? A. The rotation of electron about its own axis is called electron spin. 2. Write four quantum numbers of 1s1 electrons. A. n 1 l 0 ml ms 0 +½ 3. How many maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in ‘N’ principle energy shell? A. 32 4. How many sub shells present in a ‘M’ principle energy shell? A. 3 (s,p,d) 4. Give the relation between c, υ and λ? A. c = υλ 5. Write the four quantum numbers for the differentiating electron of sodium (Na)? A. n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = +½.or -½ 6. What is the value of plank's constant? A. 6.625×10-27 erg sec (or) 6.625×10-34 Js 7. What is spectrum? A. A group of frequencies (or) wave length is called spectrum. 8. Define Pauli exclusion principle? A. No two electrons can have same four quantum numbers. 9. Draw the shape of s-orbital? 14. Name the molecules responsible for blue sky? A. Nitrogen & oxygen molecules. z y A. 2 Marks 1. How do you appreciate the eye donor? 2. Why sun appears during the noon? 3. Write the importance of graph in finding the refractive index of prism? 4. How does an eye lens can accommodate its focal length? 5. How do you appreciate the working of “iris”? 6. Have you seen a rainbow in the sky after rain? How is it formed? 7. Why the red signal is used for danger signals? 8. Why does the sky sometimes appear white? 9. Glass is known to be transparent material but ground glass is opaque and white in colour why? 10. A person is viewing an extended objects. If a converging lens is placed in front of his eye, will he feel that the size of object has increased. Why? differentiating electrons of sodium atom? (or) Write the four quantum for the valence electron of sodium (Na) atom? 4. Write the four quantum numbers for 1s1 electron. (or) Write the four quantum numbers for hydrogen atom? (Spherical) x 10. Who proposed Principle quantum number? A. Niel’s Bohr. 11. What is Zeeman effect? A. Splitting of spectral lines in presence of magnetic field is called Zeeman effect. 12. Write the electronic configuration of chromium? A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 13. What is the shape of d-orbital? A. Double dumbell. 2 Marks 1. Which electronic shell is at a higher energy level K or L ? Explain? 2. Which rule is violated in the electronic configuration 1s0 2s2 2p4? (or) The following electronic configuration does not support the Aufbau principle Why 1s0 2s2 2p4? 3. Write the four quantum numbers for the 5. Rainbow is an example for continuous spectrum explain? or Define continuous spectrum? Explain with one example? 4 Marks 1. What information does the electronic configuration of an atom provide? 2. What are the postulates of Bohr atomic model? Write the defects in it? 3. In an atom the number of electrons in N. Shell is equal to the number of electrons in K and L and M shells. Answer the following questions? (i) Which is the outer most shell? (ii) How many electrons are there in its outermost shell. (iii)What is the atomic number. (iv) Write the electronic configuration of the elements. 4. How many elliptical orbits are added by Sommerfeld in third Bohr’s orbit? What was the purpose of adding these elliptical orbits? 5. Explain the significance of three quantum numbers in predicting the positions of an electron in an atom? 9. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS – THE PERIODIC TABLE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Write the Mendeleeff’s periodic law? A. The physical and chemical properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights. 2. What is valency? A. Valency of an element was defined as the combining power of an element with respect to hydrogen. 3. Write the formula proposed by Milliken to measure electro negativity? A. E.N = I.E + E.A 2 Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Plank was a German theoretical physicist who originated quantum theory, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Plank made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame rests primarily on his role an originator of the quantum theory? This theory revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. 4. Write the units of ionization energy? A. ev (or) Kcal / mole (or) KJ/mole 5. Give any two examples of Dobereiner’s traids? A. Li, Na, K; S, Se,Te 6. Write the electronic configuration of Transition elements? A. ns2np6(n−1)d1−10 7. Write the Nobel gas elements? A. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn 8. Who is the father of periodic table? A. Mendeleeff. 9. What are lanthanoids? A. Elements from 58Ce to 71Lu are called Lanthanoids. 10. Write the name of the element family of 16 group? A. Chalcogen family. 11. What are actinoids? A. Elements from 90Th to 103Lr are called Actinoids. 2 Marks 1. An element has atomic number 19. Where would you expect this element in the periodic table and why? 2. Name two elements you would expect to have chemical reactions similar to Mg? What is the basis for you choice? 3. An element has atomic number 29. Where would you expect this element in the periodic table and why? 4. Explain New lands concept of octaves? 5. Second ionization energy of an element is higher than its first ionization energy why? 6. All alkali metals are solids but hydrogen is a gas with di atomic molecules. Do you justify the inclusion of Hydrogen in first group with alkali metals? 7. Why Mendeleeff had to leave certain blank spaces in his periodic table? What is your explanation for this? 4 Marks 1. How do you appreciate the role of electronic configuration of the atoms of elements in periodic classification? 2. Explain how the elements are classified into s, p, d, f in the Periodic table and give the advantage of this kind of classifications? 3. What is a periodic property? How do the following properties change in a group and period? Explain? (a) Atomic radius (b) Ionization energy (c) Electron affinity (d) Electron egativity 4. What is Ionization energy? Explain the factors affect the ionization energy? 5. What are the limitations of Mendeleeff’s periodic table. How could the modern periodic table over come the limitations of Mendeleev’s table. 10. CHEMICAL BONDING IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. The nobel element which is exception of octet rule? A. Helium 2. Give example for double bonded molecule? A. O2, C2H4 3. Expand VSEPRT. A. Valency Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory. 4. Give example for non - polar solvents. A. CCl4, Benzene, Kerosene. 5. Examples of triple bond molecules? A. N2, C2H2, HCN 6. Example of FCC molecule? A. NaCl 7. General electronic configuration of noble gases? A. ns2np6 8. What is the shape of Ammonia? A. Pyramidal. 9. Who proposed valance bond theory? A. Linus Pauling 2 Marks 1. How bond energies and bond lengths of molecule helps us in predicting their chemical properties? Explain with examples. 2. Draw the simple diagrams to show how electrons are arranged in the following covalent molecules? a) Ammonia (NH3) b) Methane (CH4) 3. Represent the lewis dot structure for the following? He, Kr, Ne, Xe, Ar, Rn. 4. Represent each of the following atoms using lewis notation? a) Berylium b) Calcium c) Lithium 5. Predict the reasons for low melting point of covalent compounds when compared with ionic compound? 6. Draw simple diagrams to show how electrons are arranged in the following covalent molecules? a) Calcium oxide [CaO] b) Water [H2O] c) Chlorine [Cl2] 4 Marks 1. Write the properties and uses of covalent compounds? 2. What is octet rule? How do you appreciate role of the octet rule in explaining the chemical properties of elements? 3. Explain what type bond is formed in AlCl3? 4. Explain VSEPRT theory? 5. What is hybridization? Explain the formation of the following molecules using hybridization? (a) BeCl2 (b)BF3 11. ELECTRIC CURRENT IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Define Resistance? A. Resistance is the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current. VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 10th Class Special- Physical Science 2. What is electric current? How do you express it? A. Electric current is expressed as the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time. q I= t 3. Write the relation between electric current, potential difference, electric power? A. P = V x I 5 electric bulb an ammeter and plug key? 2. A student says potential difference and emf are same justify your answer? 3. Why should we connect the electric appliances in parallel to household circuit? 4. Explain the working of multimeter? 5. Define ohmic and non- ohmic conductors with examples? 6. What do you mean by electric shock? Explain how it takes place? 7. Why do we use fuses in household circuits? 4 Marks 1. How can you verity that the resistance of conductor is temperature dependent? 2. State Ohm’s law. Suggest an experiment to verify it and explain the procedure? 3. What are the factors one which the resistance of conductor depends? Give the corresponding relation? 4. Derive the equation for resultant resistance of resistors in series combination? 12. ELECTROMAGNETISM IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 4. When resistances are connected in series which physical quantity remains unchanged? A. Current 5. What is the shape of V-I shape for a metallic wire? A. A straight line passing through origin. 6. Draw the symbol of Resistor? A. 7. Define Resistivity? A. Resistivity of the material is the resistance per unit length of a unit cross section of the material. 8. Define ohmic conductors? A. The materials which obeys ohm’s law are called ohmic conductors. 9. Write the ohm’s law? A. V=IR 10. What are the examples of non-ohmic conductors? A. LED, Semiconductors. 11. Which material act as the best conductor? A. Silver 12. A battery of 6v is applied across a resistance of 15Ω. Find the current flowing through the circuit? ν 6 A. I = = I = = 0.4amp R 15 13. What do you mean by short circuit? A. A sudden flow of a very large circuit due to direct current of live and neutral wire is called short circuit. 2 Marks 1. Draw a circuit diagram with a cell, an 1 Mark 1. List two source of magnetic fields? A. Magnet, moving charges, electric current. 2. Which field has both strength and directions are constant? A. Uniform magnetic field 3. Mention two uses of solenoid? A. It is used in electric bells, fans and motors. 4. Name the long wire wound in a close packed helix? A. Solenoid 5. What is the unit of magnetic flux density? A. Weber /mt2 (or) Tesla. 6. List two sources of magnetic fields? A. Magnet, moving charges, electric current 7. What is Induced current? A. The current produced by moving a straight line in a magnetic field is called induced current. 8. What are the imaginary lines that helps us to understand the nature of the field? A. Magnetic lines. 9. What happens when a coil without current is made to rotate as a magnetic field? A. Electricity is generated. 2 Marks 1. Explain the Faraday’s law of induction with the help of an activity? 2. State the right hand thumb rule ? How the rule help us? 3. How do you appreciate the variation The arrangement of electrons in shells, sub-shells and orbitals in an atom is called the electron configuration. 6 VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 10th Class Special- Physical Science between magnetic field and electricity that changed the life style of mankind? 4. Give a few application of Faraday’s law of induction in daily life? 5. Which of the various methods of current generation protects nature well. Give examples to support your answer? 4 Marks 1. Write any four applications of Faraday law of induction in daily life? 2. Describe an activity that shows the magnetic field exerts force on current carring wire? 3. Explain different ways induced current in a coils? 4. Explain the working of AC electric generator with a neat diagram? 5. Explain the working electric motor with neat diagram? 13. PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. Give any two examples of ores with their formula’s. A. Cinnabar – HgS Horn silver - AgCl 2. Define metallurgy. A. Metallurgy is the process of extraction of metals from their ores and preparation of alloys. 3. What is corrosion? A. Process of slowly coated with oxides (or) other salts of the metal and forms thin layers. 4. Why is carbon not used for reducing aluminium from aluminium oxide? A. The oxide of aluminium is very stable and can be reduced by electrolytic process. Modern periodic law: The physical and chemical properties of the elements are the periodic functions of their Atomic configurations. 5. Mention two methods which produce very pure metals? A. Electrolytic reduction, smelting are two methods which produce very pure metals. 6. Name two metals other than aluminium which are obtained by electrolytic reduction? A. Sodium and Magnesium. 7. What is poling? A. The method of removing impurities either for gases (or) liquids get them oxidized and form slag over surface of molten metal is called poling. 8. What is thermite process? A. The exothermic reaction in which highly reactive metals displaces low reactive metals is used in thermite process. 9. Write the formula’s of Gypsum, plaster of paris? A. Gypsum: CaSO4. 2H2O, Plaster of Paris : CaSO4.½H2O 10. What is calcination? A. Calcination is a pyrochemical process in which the ore is heated in the absence of air. 11. What is froth flotation? A. The impurities of the ore is wetted by producing froth in water is called froth flotation. 12. Write the names of any two ores of Fe? A. Hematite: Fe2O3 Magnetite : Fe3O4 2 Marks 1. Show that both air and water are necessary for corrosion of Iron? 2. Where do we use hand picking and washing methods in our daily life? Give examples? 3. Write a note on dressing of ore in metallurgy? 4. How do you extract the metals at the top of the activities series? 6. What is difference between blast furnace and reverberatory furnace? 7. Write short notes on froth floating process? 8. Write any 4 examples of ores of sulphides? 4 Marks 1. Write the short notes on each of the following. (a) Distillation (b) Poling (c) Liquation (d) Electrolysis. 2. Suggest an experiment to prove that the presence of air and water are essential for corrosion. Explain the procedure. 3. Write a note on dressing of ore in metallurgy. 4. What is thermite process? Mention its application in daily life 14. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1 Mark 1. What is Pka? A. Pka is the negative value of logarithm of dissociation constant of an acid. Pka = −log10 k Wohler Friedrich.. German chemist who was a student of Berzelius. In attempting to prepare ammonium cyanate from silver cyanide and ammonium chloride, he accidentally synthesized urea in 1828. This was the first organic synthesis, and shattered the vitalism theory. 2. What are nano tubes? A. Nano tubes consists of hexagonal arrays of covalently bonded carbon atoms similar to the sheets of graphite. 3. Give an example for straight chain compound? A. CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 (n – pentane) 4. Name the carboxylic acid used as preservative? A. Acetic acid is the carboxylic acid used as a preservative. 5. What is soap? A. Soap is a sodium or potassium salts of a higher fatty acids like palmatic and stearic and or oleic acid. 6. Nano tubes are discovered by which scientist? A. Sumio Lijima. 7. Which allotropic form of carbon has foot ball like structure? A. Buck minister fullerene. 8. Which allotropic form of carbon has layered structure? A. Graphite 9. What do we call the self linking property of carbon? A. Catenation 10. Name the product other than water formed on burning of ethanol in air? A. The product other than water formed on burning of ethanol is carbondioxide. 11. What happens when a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol? A. When a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol bubbles of hydrogen gas is produced. 12. What is meant by Rectified spirit? A. 96% alcohol is called Rectified spirit. 13. What is the formula of Ethyl acetate? A. CH3COOC2H5 2 Marks 1. Define Isomers? Write structural formula of Isomers of butane? 2. Why we are advised not to use animal fats for cooking? 3. Define homologous series of compounds. Mention any two characteristics of homologous series? 4. Suggest a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethonoic acid and explain procedure? 5. How do you appreciate the role of esters in everyday life? 4 Marks 1. Explain the cleaning action of soaps? 2. Write the manufacturing of ethanol? 3. How can you support the artificial ripening of fruit by ethelene? 4. Write the characteristics of homologous series of organic compounds? 5. Distinguish between esterification and saponification reaction of organic compounds? 4. Complete the following reactions? FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. HEAT 1. Specific heat S = ____. 2. Boiling point of water is ____Cº 3. Latent heat of vaporization of water is ____. 4. The process of converting solid into liquid is called ____. 5. The amount of a water vapour present in air is called____. 6. ____is the reverse process of evaporation. 7. Evaporation is a ____ phenomenon. 8. Conservation of steam into liquid is called ____. 9. 1 Calorie = ____ joule 10. The temperature of a steel rod is 330K. Its temperature ºC is ____. 11. ____ is used as a coolant. 12. Rate of evaporation depends on ____, ____, ____. 13. Latent heat of fusion for ice is ____. 14. S.I Unit of specific heat is ____. ANSWERS Q 1) ; 2) 100; 3) 540 cal/gm; m∆T 4) melting; 5) Humidity; 6) condensation; 7) cooling; 8) condensation; 9) 4.186; 10) 57ºC; 11) Water; 12) Surface Area, Humidity, Temperature; 13)80 cal/gm; 14) J Kg-1k-1; 2. CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 1. The reaction 2N2O → 2N2 + O2 is an example for ____ reaction. 2. The decomposition of vegetables into compost is an example of ____ reaction. 3. Rancidity is an ____ reaction. 4. CuO +H2 → Cu+H2O is ____ reaction. 5. By painting we can prevent ____. 6. Chemical formula of rust is ____. 7. Stainless steel is a mixture of Iron with ____and chromium. 8. Respiration is a ____reaction. 9. ____ chemical reaction is involved in the corrosion of iron. 10. ____ reaction involved when silver chloride is exposed to sunlight. 11. Examples of Antioxidants are ____. ANSWERS 1) Chemical decomposition; 2) Oxidation; 3) oxidation; 4) Redox reaction; 5) corrosion; 6) Fe2O3.XH2O; 7) Carbon, nickel; 8) exothermic; 9) Oxidation; 10) Photo chemical reaction; 11) Vitamin C and E. conH SO 2 4 a ) CH 3CH 2OH → Heat b) CH3COOH+NaHCO3→ Sunlight c ) CH 4 + Cl 2 → Ni d ) CH 2 = CH 2 + H 2 → 3. REFLECTION OF LIGHT BY DIFFERENT SURFACES 1. Magnification produced by a convex mirror is ____. Linus Pauling.. The world's one of the greatest scientists and a great humanist. He was acknowledged as the most influential chemist. He is the only person ever to receive two unshared Nobel Prizes- for Chemistry (1954) and for Peace (1962). 2. If magnification m is >1 than the size of the image is ____. 3. The distance between pole and focus is ____. 4. Mirror formula is ____. 5. Light chooses the path which takes the least time to travel. This is called____ principle. 6. The geometric centre of the mirror is ____. 7. A concave mirror can form a ____. 8. Convex and concave mirrors are known collectively as ____. 9. We get a diminished image with a concave mirror when the object is placed ____. 10. The drivers mirror used in automobiles is ____. 11. Virtual image cannot be received on a ____. 12. ____ mirrors are used in head lights of vehicles. ANSWERS 1) less than 1; 2) Big; 3) Focal length; 1 1 1 = + ; 5) Fermat; 6) pole; f u v 4) 7) real (or) virtual image; 8) Spherical mirror; 9) beyond C; 10) convex; 11) screen; 12) concave. 4. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS 1. Range of pH scale ____. 2. During digestion stomach produces ____. 3. ____ medicine is used for treating indigestion. 4. Bleaching powder is represented by formula ____. 5. The acid forms in stomach is ____. 6. Many salts absorb water from atmosphere this property is called ____. 7. If pH of rain water is less than 5.6 it is called____. 8. Water soluble bases are known as ____. 9. The colour of Methyl orange indicator in acidic medium is____. 10. The colour of phenolohthalein indicator in Basic medium is ____. 11. Formula of plaster of Paris____. 12. ____is derived from tomato and turns blue litmus to red. ANSWERS 1) 1-14; 2) Hydrochloric acid; 3) Antacid; 4) CaOCl2; 5) HCl; 6) Crystallisation; 7) Acid rain; 8) Alkali; 9)Red; 10) pink; 11) CaSO4.½H2O; 12) Tartaric acid. 5. REFRACTION OF LIGHT AT PLANE SURFACES 1. At critical angle of incidence, the angle of refraction is ____ 2. Light travelling along a Normal is ____ refracted 3. ____is the basic principle of optical fibre. 4. The unit of refractive index is ____. 5. The angle of refraction for critical angles is ____. 6. The critical angle of diamond is ____. VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 10th Class Special- Physical Science 7. Refractive index of glass is 3/2. Then the speed of light in glass is ____. 8. n1sin i=n2sin r is called ____. 9. Speed of light in vacuum is ____. 10. Mirage is an example of ____. 11. A lemon kept in a glass of water appears to be ____ 12. Refractive index of water is ____. ANSWERS 1) 90º; 2) 2.5 cms; 3) 2.27 cms; 4) concave; 5) convex; 6) 600; 7) accommodation; 8) Sir. C.V. Raman; 9) 25 cms; 10) 2.5 cms; 11) retina; 12) VIBGYOR, dispersion. 8. STRUCTURE OF ATOM 7 The shape of NH3 is ____. 1 nanometer ____Meter Examples of Triple bond molecules ____ Ionic compounds dissolved in ____ solvents. 10. General electronic configuration of Noble gas____. 11. The noble element which is exception of octet rule____. 6. 7. 8. 9. ANSWERS 1) 90º; 2) not; 3) Total internal reflection; 4) No units; 5) 90º; 6) 24.4º; 7) 2×108 m/sec; 8) Snell’s law; 9) 3×108 m/sec; 10) Total internal reflection; 11) Bigger; 12) 1.33. 6. REFRACTION OF LIGHT AT CURVED SURFACES 1. S.I Unit of the power of a lens is____. 2. The power of a concave lens is____. 3. Focal length of a convex lens is ____ when it is kept in water. 4. Lens formula is given by____. 5. Lens maker formula is ____. 6. The distance between the principle focus and optical centre of the lens is ____. 7. The power of a convex lens of focal length 50 cm= ____Dioptre. 8. When a ray of light passes from denser to rarer medium it bends____to the normal. 9. The power of convex lens is____. 10. The ray from the distant object, falling on the convex lens pass through____. 1. The orbitals which have same energy are called ____. 2. The formula for no. of electrons in a shell is ____. 3. The subshell of the orbital for l= 1 is ____. 4. ____is a group of wavelength. 5. Splitting of spectral lines due to magnetic field is called____. 6. Splitting of spectral lines in the presence of electric field is called____. 7. Stationary orbits are introduced by ____. 8. The electronic configurations of Cr is___. 9. The electronic configuration of cu(29)___. 10. Elliptical orbits are introduced by____. 11. The elements in which outermost orbitals are completely filled are called____. 12. Short notation of electron configuration is ____. ANSWERS 1) Degenerate orbitals; 2) 2n2; 3) p; 4) spectrum; 5) Zeeman effect; 6) stark effect; 7) Niels Bohr; 8) [Ar]4s13d5; 9) [(Ar)4s13d10]; 10) sommerfeld; 11) inert gas; 12) nlx ANSWERS 9. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS – THE PERIODIC TABLE 1) dioptre; 2) negative; 3) increases; 1 1 1 1 1 1 = − ; 5) = (n − 1) − ; R1 R 2 f v u f 4) 6) Focal length; 7) +½; 8) away; 9) positive; 10) focal point. 1. 2. 3. 4. 7. HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD 5. 1. The intensity of light maximum at ____ in scattering of light. 2. The distance between the eyes lens and retina is about____. 3. The maximum focal length of the eye lens is about____. 4. Myopia can be corrected by using ____ lens. 5. Hyper metropia can be corrected by using ____ lens. 6. Angle of vision for a healthy human is ____. 7. The process of adjusting focal length is called ____. 8. ____explained the phenomenon of scattering of light in gages and liquids. 9. The value of least distance of distinct vision is about____. 10. The distance between the eyes lens and retina is about____. 11. The human eye forms the image of an object____. 12. The splitting of white light into different colour____is called____. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1A group elements are called ____. Inner transition elements are called ____. Father of periodic table____. Atomic radius is measured in _________ units. ________ is the least electronegative element. II A group elements are called____. Noble gases belongs to ____ group of periodic table. ____is the most electronegative element. d block elements are also called ____. Electro negativity is assigned by ____. VIIA group elements are called ____. ANSWERS 1) Alkalimetals; 2) ƒ Block elements; 3) Mendeleeff; 4) Aº; 5) cesium; 6) Alkali earth metal; 7) 18th; 8) fluorine; 9) Transition elements; 10) Pauling; 11) Halogens. 10. CHEMICAL BONDING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NaCl is said to possess ____. Example for polar solvents is ____. The shape of BeCl2 is ____. Electro positivity is also called as ____. Valence bond theory was proposed by ____. ANSWERS 1) FCC Latric crystalline structure; 2) H2O; 3) Linear; 4) Metallic character; 5) Linus Pauling; 6) Pyramidal; 7) 10-9; 8) N2; 9) polar; 10) ns2np6; 11) Helium. 11. ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. 1KWH: ____ Joules 2. An electronic instrument is used in measuring electric current and electric resistance is ____. 3. Units of resistance____. 4. The surface of earth is taken to be at ____ potential. 5. Kirchoff’s loop law is based on the conservation of____. 6. Voltmeter is always connected in____ in a circuit. 7. Units of specific resistant ____. 8. A thick wire has a ____ resistance than a thin wire. 9. The Kilowatt hour is the unit of ____ 10. The S.I Unit of potential difference is ____. 11. S.I unit of electric power is____. ANSWERS 1) 3.6 x 105; 2) multimeter; 3) Ohm; 4) Zero; 5) energy; 6) parallel; 7) Ohmmeter; 8) less; 9) Electric energy; 10) Volt; 11) watt 12. ELECTROMAGNETISM 1. The magnetic force on a current carring wire placed in uniform magnetic field of the wire is oriented θ angle to magnetic field is ____. 2. The magnetic force on a current carring wire places in uniform magnetic field if the wire is oriented parallel to magnetic field is ____. 3. The device used for producing electric current is called ____. 4. Unit of magnetic flux____. The process of re-emission of absorbed light in all directions with different intensities by atoms or molecules, is called scattering of light. 8 Q. A sweet odour substance formed by the reactor of an alcohol and a carboxylic and is? A. Ester VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 10th Class Special- Physical Science 5. A metallic wire carrying an electric current is associated with it’s a____. 6. A current that flows in the same direction is____. 7. The current that reverses its direction is ____current. 8. An electric motor is a device that converts ____ energy into ____ energy. 9. The S.I unit of magnetic field is____. 10. Faraday’s law of induction is the consequence of____. 11. Name the long wire wound in close packed helix____. ANSWERS 1) ILB sinθ; 2) 0; 3) Generator; 4) Weber.; 5) magnetic field; 6) direct; 7) alternate; 8) electric, Mechanical; 9) Tesla; 10) law of conservation of energy; 11) solenoid 13. PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY 1. Formula of pyrolusite ____. 2. Arrange Ag, Mg, K in activity series ____. 3. The purpose of smelting an ore is to ____ It. 4. The formula of rust ____. 5. Smelting is carried out in____furnace. 6. The new substance added to ore to remove gangue is called____. 7. Aluminium is used as a reducing agent in ____ process. 8. Roasting is carried out in____furnace. 9. The impurity present in the ore is called as ____. 10. Galena is an ore of____. 11. ____ are least reactive elements. 12. Sulphide ores are concentrated by ____ process. 1. HEAT 1) MnO2; 2) K>Mg>Ag; 3) reduce; 4) Fe2O3XH2O; 5) Blast; 6) flux; 7) Thermite; 8) Reverberatory; 9) Gangue; 10) pb; 11) Au, Ag; 12) froth floatation 14. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS 1. The hydrocarbon that contain –OH group are called ____ 2. Allotropes forms due to the difference in the ____ 3. Soaps are the alkali salts of____. 4. Number of single covalent bonds in ammonia are____. 5. Sodium lauryl sulphate is an example of ____. 6. A sweet odour substance formed by the reactor of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following is a warming process? ( ) a) Evaporation b) condensation c) boiling d) all the above 2. The temperature of a steel rod is 330K. Its temperature in ºC is? ( ) a) 55º C b) 57º C c) 59º C d) 53º C 3. Boiling point of water at normal atmospheric pressure is ? ( ) a) 0º C b) 100º C c) 110º C d) -5º C 4. Specific heat S =? ( ) m∆T Q Q a) b) Q∆T c) d) Q ∆T m∆T 5. When ice melts, its temperature? ( ) a) remains constant b) increases c) decreases d) cannot say Answers: 1) b; 2) b; 3) b; 4) c; 5) a 2. CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS a) v/u b) u/v c) ho/hi d) hi/ho 2. We get a diminished image with a concave mirror when the object is placed? ( ) a) at F b) between the pole and F c) at C d) beyond C 3. We get a virtual image in a concave mirror when the object is placed ........... ? ( ) a) at F b) between the pole and F c) at C d) beyond C 4. The equation of mirror formula is? ( ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 a) = + b) = − f U V f U V c) 1 1 1 = (n − 1) − d) None f R1 R 2 5. Magnification produced by a concave mirror is? ( ) a) greater than 1 b) less than 1 c) equal to 1 d) all the above Answers: 1) d; 2) c; 3) b; 4) a; 5) b 1. Corrosion is an ____ reaction? ( ) a) oxidation b) reduction c) redox d) none of these 2. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe. The above reaction is an example of:? ( ) a) Combination reaction b) Decomposition reaction c) Displacement reaction d) Double decomposition reaction 3. Precipitate in a reaction is indicated by which arrow mark? ( ) a) → b) ↑ c) ↓ d) ← 4. Calcium hydroxide is a ___solution? ( ) a) Acidic b) Basic c) Neutral d) Amphoteric 5. Example of alloy a) Brass b) Bronze c) Steel d) All the above 1. The colour of phenolphthalein indicator in basic solution is? ( ) a) yellow b) green c) Red d) pink 2. Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion? ( ) a) antibiotic b) analgestic c) antacid d) antiseptic ( ) 3. pH was introduced by? a) Sorensen b) Bohr c) Lewis d) Rutherford ( ) 4. pH value of lemon juice is? a) 4.2 b) 7.4 c) 2.5 d) 3.8 5. The colour of methyl orange indicator in acidic medium is? ( ) a) yellow b) green c) red d) pink Answers: 1) a; 2) c; 3) c; 4) b; 5) d Answers: 1) d; 2) c; 3) a; 4) c; 5) c 3. REFLECTION OF LIGHT BY DIFFERENT SURFACES 5. REFRACTION OF LIGHT AT PLANE SURFACES 1. Magnification m = ......................? ANSWERS ( ) 4. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS 1. Which of the following is Snell's law?( ) a) n1 Sin i = c) Sinr n2 n 2 Sin r = n1 Sin i b) n1 Sin r = n 2 Sin i is____. 7. The first number of homologous series among alkynes is____. 8. Commercially available ethanol is known as____. 9. The reactive part of the organic molecule is called its ____ group. 10. CnH2n is the general formula of ____. 11. Hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 are called____. 12. Carbon compounds containing double bond and triple bonds are called ____. ANSWERS 1) Alcohols; 2) arrangements atoms; 3) Higher fatty acids); 4) Three; 5) Synthetic detergent; 6) Ester; 7) C2H2; 8) rectified spirit; 9) functional; 10)Alkene; 11) Alkanes; 12)Un-saturated compounds formula? 1 1 1 a) = (n − 1) + f R R 2 1 b) 1 1 1 = (n + 1) − f R R 2 1 c) 1 1 1 = (n − 1) − f R1 R 2 d) 1 1 1 = (n + 1) + f R R 2 1 d) n2Sin i = constant 2. The refractive index of glass with respect to air is 2. Then the critical angle of glassair interface is? ( ) a) 0 b) 45º c) 30º d) 60º 3. Total internal reflection takes place when the light ray travels from? ( ) a) rarer to denser medium b) rarer to rarer medium c) denser to rarer medium d) denser to denser medium 4. The angle of deviation produced by the glass slab is? ( ) a) 0º b) 20º c) 90º d) depends on the angle formed by the light ray and normal to the slab 5. Speed of light in vacuum is…. mt/sec?( ) b) 3 × 108 a) 2 × 108 4 c) 4 × 10 d) 2 × 1010 Answers: 1) b; 2) c; 3) c; 4) d; 5) b 6. REFRACTION OF LIGHT AT CURVED SURFACES 1. When one of the following materials cannot be used to make a lens? ( ) a) water b) glass c) plastic d) clay 2. Focal length of the plano-convex lens is ........... when its radius of curvature of the surface is R and n is the refractive index of the lens? ( ) a) f = R b) f = R/2 d) f = (n−1)/R c) f = R/(n−1) 3. The value of the focal length of the lens is equal to the value of the image distance when the rays are? ( ) a) passing through the optic centre b) parallel to the principal axis c) passing through the focus d) in all the cases 4. Which of the following is the lens maker's ( ) 5. If the convex lens is placed in water its focal length is? ( ) a) increases b) decreases c) remains constant d) either increase or decrease Answers: 1) d; 2) c; 3) b; 4) c; 5) a 7. HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD 1. The focal length of −f shows……lens?( ) a) convex b) concave c) plano convex d) all 2. The intensity of light is maximum at in scattering of light? ( ) a) 0º b) 90º c) 30º d) 60º 3. Myopia can be corrected by using ......... lens? ( ) a) convex b) plano convex c) concave d) none 4. The splitting of white light into different colours (VIBGYOR) is called? ( ) a) scattering b) dispersion c) refraction d) reflection 5. During refraction, ___will not change?( ) a) wavelength b) frequency c) speed of light d) all the above Answers: 1) b; 2) b; 3) c; 4) b; 5) b 8. STRUCTURE OF ATOM 1. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the L - shell of an atom is? ( ) a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) 16 Q. Kirchoff’s junction law is based on conservation of? a) mass b) energy c) power d) charge A. d) charge 2. If l = 1 for an atom then the number of orbitals in its sub-shell is? ( ) a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0 3. The quantum number which explains about size and energy of the orbit or shell is? ( ) d) ms a) n b) l c) ml 4. The elliptical orbits are introduced by the scientist……? ( ) a) Somerfield b) Max Plank c) Neil’s Bohr d) Pauli 5. The electronic configuration of Cu is?( ) b) [Ar] 4s1 3d10 a) [Ar] 4s1 3d5 c) [Ar] 4s1 3d9 d) [Ar] 4s2 3d7 Answers: 1) c; 2) b; 3) a; 4) a; 5) b 9. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS – THE PERIODIC TABLE 1. 1 pico meter is …… mt? ( ) b) 10−12 c) 10−3 d) 10−8 a) 10−9 2. Number of elements present in period - 2 of the long form of periodic table? ( ) a) 2 b) 8 c) 18 d) 32 3. Which of the following is the most active metal? ( ) a) Lithium b) Sodium c) Potassium d) Rubidium 4. Electron configuration of an atom is 2, 8, 7 to which of the following elements would it be chemically similar? ( ) a) Nitrogen (Z=7) b) Fluorine (Z=9) c) Phosphorous (Z=15) d) Argon (Z=18) 5. Lithium, ................ and Potassium constitute a Dobereiner's triad? ( ) a) Sodium b) Magnesium c) Silicon d) Iron Answers: 1) b; 2) b; 3) d; 4) b; 5) a 10. CHEMICAL BONDING 1. Which of the following elements is electronegative? ( ) a) Sodium b) Oxygen c) Magnesium d) Calcium 23 2. An element 11 X forms an ionic compound with another element 'Y'. Then the charge on the ion formed by X is? ( ) Important diagrams (5 Marks) 1. Heat: Draw the diagram and label the parts to prove that the rate of increase in temprature depends on the nature of substance. 2. Chemical reactions and equations: Draw a neat diagram of representing electrolysis of water. Draw the diagram and label the parts showing that the heating of Calcium carbonate and testing the gas evolved? 3. Reflection of light by different surfaces: Draw the ray diagram of reflection of light in concave mirrors as an object place at. a) Beyond the centre of curvature (beyond d) −2 a) +1 b) +2 c) −1 3. An element 'A' forms a chloride ACl4. The number electrons in the valence shell of 'A'? ( ) a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 4) Which one is polar compound? ( ) d) CH4 a) CCl4 b) NH3 c) H2O 5. The shape of BeCl2 is? ( ) a) Tetrahedral b) Trigonal bipyramid c) Linear d) None Answers: 1) b; 2) a; 3) d; 4) c; 5) c 11. ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. Units of specific resistance? ( ) a) ohm b) ohm-meter c) ohm/meter d) volt 2. Joule/ coulomb is the same as? ( ) a) watt b) volt c) ampere d) ohm 3. Kirchoff’s junction law is based of conservation of? ( ) a) mass b) energy c) power d) charge 4. Kirchoff’s loop law is based on the conservation of ……? ( ) a) mass b) energy c) power d ) charge 5. Units of resistance? ( ) a) ohm b) volt c) coulomb d) watt Answers: 1) b; 2) b; 3) d; 4) b; 5) a 12. ELECTROMAGNETISM 1. Which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy? ( ) a) motor b) battery c) generator d) switch 2. Which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy? ( ) a) motor b) battery c) generator d) switch 3. The magnetic effect of current was discovered by? ( ) a) Faraday b) Henry c) Oersted d) Maxwell 4. The SI unit of magnetic field induction is? ( ) a) Tesla b) Ampere C) b) At centre of curvature. c) In between focus point and centre of curvature (between F-C). d) At Focus point. e) In between pole of the mirror and focus point (between P-F) Draw the ray diagram showing point object (O) (or) Draw the ray diagram showing an object (OO’) by a plane mirror? 4. Acids, Bases and Salts: Draw a neat diagram showing and solution in water conducts electricity and also label in the diagram. 6. Refraction of Light at Curved Surfaces: Draw the ray diagrams when the incident ray passes through the curved sur- VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 9 10th Class Special- Physical Science c) Volt 5. Magnetic flux is the field induction and? a) length c) volume d) Ohm product of magnetic ( ) b) area d) width Answers: 1) a; 2) c; 3) c; 4) a; 5) b 13. PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY 1. Galena is an ore of ? ( ) a) Zn b) Pb c) Hg d) Al 2. The reducing agent in thermite process is? ( ) a) Al b) Mg c) Fe d) Si 3. The oil used in the froth floatation process is? ( ) a) kerosene oil b) pine oil c) coconut oil d) olive oil 4. Froth floatation method is used for the purification of _____ ore? ( ) a) sulphide b) oxide c) carbonate d) nitrate 5. The impurity present in the ore is called as ____? ( ) a) Gangue b) Flux c) Slag d) Mineral Answers: 1) b; 2) a; 3) b; 4) a; 5) a 14. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS 1. The suffix used for naming an aldehyde is? ( ) a) -ol b) -al c) -one d) -ene ( ) 2. CnH2n is the general formula of? a) Alkane b) Alkene c) Alkyne d) Alkyl 3. The valency of carbon is? ( ) a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 4) 4 4. Bond angle of methane is? ( ) a) 107º b) 109º.281 c) 120º d) 180º 5. Which allotropic form of carbon has layered structure? ( ) a) Graphite b) Diamond d) all c) C60 Answers: 1) b; 2) b; 3) d; 4) b; 5) a faces. a) Rarer medium to denser medium b) Denser medium to rarer medium. 7. Human Eye and Colourful world: Draw the structure of human eye and explain its parts. 8. Structure of Atom: Draw the shapes of s, p, d orbitals. Draw the diagram of electromagnetic waves and label the parts. Draw the diagram of Moeller chart. 12. Electromagnetism: Draw the diagram of AC electric generator and label its parts. Draw the diagram of DC electric generator and label its parts. Draw the diagram of electric motor and label its parts. MATCHING Column -I a) Plaster of Paris b) Gypsum c) Bleaching powder d) Banking soda e) Washing soda Column - II [d] a) CaOCl2 [e] b) NaHCO3 [a] c) Na2CO3 [b] d) CaSO4 ½ H2O [c] e) CaSO4. 2H2O Molecule 1) CH4 2) NH3 3) H2O 4) CO2 5) Bcl3 [c] [d] [e] [a] [b] Column -I a) Bauxite b) Cinnabar c) Limestone d) Epsom salt e) Haematite [f] [e] [d] [c] [a] Bond angles a) 180º b) 120º c) 109º 281 d) 107º e) 104º.51 Column - II a) Fe2O3 b) CaSO2.½H2O c) MgSO4.7H2O d) CaCO3 e) HgS f) Al2O3.2H2O Column -I 1) Alcohol 2) Aldehyde 3) Ketone [c] Column - II O || a) −C − [d] [a] O || b) −C − OH c) −OH 4) Carboxylic acid [b] O || d) −C − H 5) Ester O || e) −C − O − Column -I a) CH4 b) C2H4 c) C2H2 d) CH3COOH e) CH3CH2OH [e] [d] [e] [b] [c] [a] Column - II 1) Ethanol 2) Ethyne 3) Ethanoic acid 4) Methane 5) Ethene Draw the diagram of magnetic field lines when current passes through the solenoid and label its parts. 13. Principles of Metallurgy: Draw the diagram of magnetic seperator for enrichment of the ore and label its parts. Draw a neat diagram of reverberatory furnace and label its parts. Draw a neat diagram of Blast furnace and label its parts. Draw the diagram showing Froth floatation and label its parts. 14. Carbon and its compounds: Draw the diagrams of Diamond and Graphite, label the parts. Draw the electronic dot structure of ethane molecule. 10 ◆ ◆ VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 10th Class Special- Physical Science ◆ Special properties of carbon Carbon - Hybridisation: - Sp Hybridisation - Sp2 Hybridisation - Sp3 Hybridisation. Preparation and properties of carbon compounds Chapter Wise Key Concepts 1 Heat Heat Temperature Thermal equilibrium Specific heat:- Factors effecting specific heat - Applications of specific heat capacity in our daily lilfe. - To find the specific heat of solids and liquids. Method of mixtures Evaporation Condensation ◆ Fog and dew Humidity ◆ Melting Boiling Latent heat of vaporization Latent heat of fusion Freezing. ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ 2 Chemical reactions and equations 5 Refraction Rarer and denser media Refractive index Relative refractive index Snells law Total internal reflection ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ 6 ◆ ◆ ◆ Curved serface: - Concave surface - Convex surface Refraction of light at concave and convex surfaces Refraction of light through denser to rarer and rarer to denser at curved surfaces and thier ray diagrams. Lonses Formation of images through convexlens and thier ray diagrams Lens formula and lens makers formula. ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Least distance and distant vision Angle of illusion General defects of vision power of lens Daily life applications of scattering of light ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Reflection of light by different surfaces Human eye and colourful world 10 Chemical Bonding Structure of atom Why do atoms combine Lewis electron dot structure Valency electron theory ◆ Ionic bond Formation of NaCl, MgCl2, Na2O and AlCl3 molecules. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPRT) Bond angle according to VSEPRT. Hybridization. Formation of BeCl2, BF3, NH3 and H2O molecules by hybridization. Differences between ionic and covalent substances ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ 11 ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Reflection of light Laws of reflection Formation of image and its characteristics through a plane mirror. Spherical mirrors:- Concave mirrors Convex mirrors. Formation of image and its characteristics through a concave mirror Rules for drawing ray diagrams Rules for drawing ray diagrams Mirrors formula Sign convention to be followed while using mirror formula. ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ 4 ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Acids, Bases and salts Reactions of acids, and bases with indicators. Chemical reactions of acids and bases: Reaction with metals - Reaction with metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates. Neutralization Propertus of acids Propertus of bases PH value and PH scale PH in our daily life Salts:- Sodium chloride - Soduium hydroxide - Bleaching powder - Sodium Carbonate - Sodium bi carbonate - Plaster of paris. Water of crystalization. Spectrum Wave nature of light Electromagnetic spectrum Bohr's model of hydrogen atom and its limitations. Quantum mechanical model of atom. Quantum numbers:- Principal quantum number - Angular momentum qunatum number. Magnetic quatum number. Spin quantum number. Electronic configuration:- Aufbau rule Hund's rule - Pauli's exclusion - Principle. ◆ 9 ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Electromagnetism - Oersted's experiment Magnetic field 13 Magnetic flux Magnetic flux density Magnetic lines of force Magnetic field due to electric current Magnetic field due to staraight wire carrying current. Magnetic field due to circular coil Magnetic field due to solenoid Magnetic force on moving charge and current carrying wire Electric motor Electromagnetic induction - Faraday's laws Induced emf - Lenz's law Applications of electromagnetic induction Generator. 14 Electromagnetism ◆ Carbon and its Compounds Special properties of carbon Carbon - Hypridisation: - Sp Hybridisation - Sp2 Hybridisation - Sp3 Hybridisation. Allotropes of carbon:- Diamond - Graphite - Buckminister pullerin - Nano tubes Nature of carbon:- Catanation - Allotropy - Formation of multiple bands Hydrocarbons: - Saturated Hydrocarbons - Alkanes - Unsaturated Hydro carbons Alkens - Alkynes Functional groups Nomen Nomeclature of carbon compounds Chemical properties of carbon compounds Combustion reactions, oxidetion reactions, addition reactions, substitution reactions Preparation and properties of carbon compounds - Ethanol Ethanoic acid Esterification Soaps, saponification. Principles of Metallurgy Ore Concentration of ore Classification of elements the periodic table Necessity of classifications Dobereiner triads Newlands law of octaves Mendeleev's classification:- postulates Limitations Modern periodic table (Long form periodic table) Arrangement of elements in groups and periods. Properties of elements and their trends in groups and periods. Valence Atomic radius Ionization energy Electron affinity ◆ ◆ 12 by Extraction of crude metal from the ore metals of high reactivity ◆ ◆ Electric current Electric current (Lorenz - Drude theory) Potential difference Working of a battery Electromotive force (emf) Relation between current and potential difference - ohm's law Electric shock Resistance Factors influencing resistance of a substance Electric circuit Series combination of resistors Parallel combinatio of resistors Kirchoff laws:- Junction law - Loop law Electric power House hold electric consumption, overload, use of fuse. ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ 8 ◆ ◆ ◆ 7 ◆ 3 Reflection of light at Curved surfaces Electronegativity. ◆ ◆ ◆ Chemical equations:- Writing a chemical equation - Balancing a chemical equation - Other information given by a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions:- Chemical combination - Chemical decomposition - Displacement - Double displacement. Oxidation & Reduction Oxidation in daily life, Rancidity ◆ Refraction of light at plane surfaces Halides Oxides Metals of medium reactivity Carbonate ore Sulphide ore Calcination Roasting Hand picking Washing Froth flotation Magnetic Separation Metals of low reactivity Sulphide ore Roasting Electrolysis of molten ore Metal (eg: Na, Mg, Al,etc.,) Chemical Reduction Auto Reduction Displacement Method Elecrolytic reduction Oxides Reduction Oxide of metal Metal Reduction of metal Refinig (eg.Ag) Refining of metal Distillation (eg: Cu, Zn, etc.,) Poling Liquation Electrolytic refining VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 What are the postulates of Bohr atomic model? Write the defects on it? 10th Class Special- Physical Science 11 General Science-1 Model Paper ers while answering the multiple choice questions. iv. Marks will not be awarded in case of any overwriting, rewriting or arased answers. General Science - Paper-1 (English Version) Time 21/2 Hours 14. Max. Marks: 50 Note: Answers the following questions in the space provided and attach it to the main answer book of Part-A. 20 × ½ = 10 M i. Write the 'Capital Letters' showing the correct answer for the following questions in the brackets provided against them. Part - A&B Instructions: i. Answer the question under Part-A on a separate answer book. ii. Write the answer to the questions under Part-B on the question paper itself and attach it to answer book of Part-A. Part - A Time 2 Hours Max. Marks: 35 Note: Use a seperate answer book to answer the question in this part. SECTION-I Note: i. Answer Any Five questions choosing atleast Two from each group. ii. Each question carries Two mark 5×2=10M Group-A 1. Write the differences between evaporation and boiling. 2. Explain the formation of mirages. 3. Frame some questions that you are going to ask your friend who is suffering from eye sight. 4. State the faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Write the equation of this law. Group-B 5. Plaster of paries should be stored in moisture proof container. Why. 6. Which rule is violated in the electronic configuration of 1so 2s2 2p4. 7. Do you think that newland's law of octaves is correct? Justify. 8. How do you appreciate the role of esters in everyday life. SECTION-II Note: i. Answer Any four question from the following. ii. Each question carries One mark. 4×1=4M 9. What should happen if we increase the size of the hole of the pinhole camera. 10. Define the power of lens? What is its units. 11. Why we use fuses in house hold circuits. 12. Give any two examples of olfactory indicator. 13. Second ionization energy of an element is higher than its first ionization energy. Why. 14. Define Roasting. SECTION-III Note: i. Answer Any four question, choosing atleast Two from each group. ii. Each question carries four marks. 4×4=16M Group-A 15. Determination of specific heat of solids experimentally and write the precautionary measures. 16. Explain briefly the reason for the blue of the sky. 17. Derive the equation for resultant resistance of resistors in series combination. 18. Write any four applications of faraday's law of induction in daily life Group-B 19. What are the postulates of Bohr atomic model? Write the defects on it? 20. What is hybridisation? Explain the formation of the following molecules using hybridisation b) BF3 a) BeCl2 21. Where do we use hand picking and washing methods in our daily life. Give examples. How do you correlate these examples with enrichment ore. 22. Write the characteristics of homologous series of organic compounds. SECTION-IV Note: i. Answer one of the following questions ii. Each question carries five marks. 1×5=5M 23. Draw Suitable rays by which we can guess the Position of the Image Formed by a cancave Mirror. 24. Draw a heat diagram representing electrolysis of water and label the parts Part - B Instructions: i. Answer all the questions. ii. Each question carries 1/2 mark. iii. Candidates must use the Capital Lett- 1. Which one of the following is a warming process [ ] a) Evaporation b) Condensation c) Boiling d) All the above 2. We get a virtual image in a concave mirror when the object is placed. [ ] a) At F b) Between pole and F c) At c d) beyond c 3. Speed of light in vaccum is ...mt /sec [ ] b) 3×108 a) 2×108 c) 4×104 d) 2×1010 4. The refractive index of glass with respect to air is 2. Then the critical angle of glass - air interface is [ ] c) 30o d) 60o a) 0 b) 45o 5. If the convex lens is placed in water its focal length is [ ] a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains constant d) Either increase or decrease 6. Which of the following is the lens maker's formulae [ ] a) 1 1 1 = (n − 1) + f R1 R 2 b) 1 1 1 = (n + 1) + f R R 2 1 c) 1 1 1 = (n − 1) − f R1 R 2 d) None of these 7. Myopia can be corrected by using...lens [ ] a) Convex b) Plano-convex c) Concave d) All the above 8. Units of specific resistance [ ] a) Ohm b) Ohm-meter c) Ohm/meter d) Volt 9. Which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy [ ] a) Motor (b) battery (c) Generator (d) Switch 10. Magnetic flux is the product of magnetic field induction and ––– [ ] a) Length b) Area c) Volume d) Width 11. Corrosion is an ... reaction. [ ] a) Oxidation b) Reduction c) Redox d) None of these 12. The colour of phenolphthalein indicator in basic solution is. [ ] a) Yellow b) Green c) Red d) Pink 13. The elliptical orbits are introduced by the 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. scientist [ ] a) Sommerfeld b) Maxplank c) Neil's bohr d) Pauli Which of the following is the most active metal [ ] a) Lithium b) Sodium c) Potassium d) Rubidium [ ] The shape of Becl2 is. a) Tetrahydral b) Trigonal bipyremid c) Linear d) Hexagonal 1 nanometer is ... mt [ ] b) 10–8 a) 10–6 b) 10–12 c) 10–9 Galena is an ore of [ ] a) Zn b) Pb c) Hg d) Al Froth floatation method is used for the purification of ... ore. [ ] a) Sulphide b) Oxide c) Carbonate d) Nitrate The suffix used for naming an aldehyde is a) –ol b) –al c) –one d) –ene Which Allotrope form of carbon has layered structured [ ] a) Graphite b) Diamond d) All the above c) C60 5 × ½ = 2½ M i. Fill in the Blanks Latent heat of fusion for ice is .. cal/gm. ... is the basic principle of optical fibre. n1 sin i = n2 sin r is called... A thick wire has a .. resistance then a thin wire. 25. Faraday's law of induction is the consequnces of .... III. Match the following: By writing the letter of the correct answer in the brackets, choosing from the group B. 5 × ½ = 2½ M A B 26. Plaster of paris [ ] a) CaOCl2 27. Bleaching powder[ ] b) NaHCO3 28. Baking soda [ ] c) Na2CO3 29. Washing soda [ ] d) CaSO4. 2H2O 30. Gypsum [ ] e) Fe2O3 × H2O f) CaSO4.1/2 H2O 21. 22. 23. 24. ANSWERS 1) b 2) b 3) b 4) c 5) a 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) b 11) a 13) a 14) d 15) c 16) c 17) b 19) b 20) a 21) 80 cal/gr 22) Total internal reflection 23) Snell's Law 24) Less 25) Law of Conservation of Energy 26) f 27) a 28) b 29) c 6) c 12) d 18) a 30) d D ÐéÆý‡… "MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠ‡Þ' ¯ólsìæ Ýë„ìS "ѧýlÅ' õ³iÌZ... VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… l íœ{ºÐ]lÇ l 18 l 2016 12 Career Counselling KEY POINTS Different Solutions pH Values Solution HCl NaOH Distilled water Lemonjuice Coffee Carrot Juice Soda Water Tomato Juice Saliva (before meal) Saliva (after meal) pH value 1 13-14 7 2.5 5 4 6 4.1 7.4 5.8 USES Calorimeter: Determination of specific heat of substance. Thermometer: Determination of Temperature Prism: Observation of Angle of Dispersion. pH paper: Observation of Acid – Base Strength. Bleaching powder: Used as decolorizing agent, oxidant, used in preparation of chloroform, used in chlorination process. Baking Soda: Manufacture of cakes, preparation of Antacid, preparation of Anti septic. Washing Soda: Used in Glass, soap, paper industry preparation of borax, used to removal of hardness of water. Galvanometer: Determination of electric current. Electric motor: Convert the electric energy to mechanical energy. Dynamo: Convert the mechanical energy to electric energy Blast furnace: used to smelting process. Voltmeter: Determine the potential difference. Substance Bauxite Faraday: Laws of electrolysis. Maxwell: Electron magnetic theory J.J. Thomson: Watermelon model. Rutherford: Planetory Model Einstein: Laws of mass equivalence Sommerfeld: Elliptical orbit model Schrodinger: Wave equation Maxplank: Quantum theory Neils Bohr: Principle Quantum number Ulenbeck & Goudsmith: Spin Quantum number Dobereiner: Triad Theory Sorensen: pH Scale Newlands: Octave theory Sumio Lijima: Nanotubes : Formula : Al2O32H2O Epsum salt : MgSO47H2O Sinnabar Magnetite : HgS : Fe3O4 Galena Carnalite : PbS : KClMgCl26H2O Gypsum : CaSO4 2H2O Pyrotusite : MnO2 Hypo : Na2S2O32H2O Bleaching powder : CaOCl2 Plaster of Paris : CaSO4½H2O Ethanol : C2H5OH Ethyl Acetate : CH3COOC2H5 Soap : C17H35COONa Zincite Lime stone : ZnO : CaCO3 Horn silver Zinc Blende Rock Salt Hematite : AgCl : ZnS : NaCl : Fe2O3 Specific heat: cal/g.cº (or) J/Kg-k. Latent heat of fusion: Cal/gm(or) J/k.g Power of lens: dioptres Electric current: Ampere Specific resistivity: Ohm-mt Electric energy: KWH Atomic Radius: Angstrom Unit (Aº) Ionization potential: Electron Volt. sìæ.G….I. ¯ðlsŒæÐ]lÆŠ‡P G…½-H-/-ï³-i-yîlG… MøÆý‡$Þ¯]l$ A…¨-çÜ$¢¯]l² C¯Œl-íÜt-r*Å-sŒæË ÑÐ]l-Æ>Ë$ ™ðlË-ç³…yìl? & Æý‡Ð]l$Å, Ñf-Ķæ$-Ðéyýl PHYSICAL CONSTANTS – VALUES Specific heat of lead: 0.031Cal/g-Cº;130 J/Kg - k Specific heat of Mercury: 0.033Cal/g-Cº; 139 J/Kg – k Latent heat of Vaporization: 540 Cal /gm Latent heat of fusion: 80 Cal / gm Refractive Index of Diamond: 2.42 Refractive Index of Benzene: 1.50 Refractive Index of Quartz: 1.46 ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION 1s22s22p63s1 Sodium (11): Potassium (19): 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Calcium (20): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Iron (26): 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 Chromium(24): 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 Copper (29): 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 Phosphrous (15): 1s22s22p63s23p3 Nickel (28): 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8 Sulphur (16): 1s22s22p63s23p4 Zinc (30): 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10 ¿êÆý‡-™èl-§ól-Ô¶æ…ÌZ IIG…˱² Ðól$¯ól-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ ѧýlů]l$ A…¨-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. AçßæÃ-§é-»ê§Šl, MøÌŒæ-MýS™é, Ð]l¬…O»ñæ, »ñæ…VýS-â¶æ*Æý‡$, Møh-MøyŠl Ð]l…sìæ ÑÑ«§ýl {糧ól-Ô>ÌZÏ Òsìæ° ¯ðlË-Mö-ÌêµÆý‡$. D çÜ…çܦÌZÏ {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-{ç³-{MìSĶæ$ JMóS Ñ«§ýl…V> E…r$…¨. D C¯Œl-íÜt-r*Å-sŒæ-˱² ï³i yìl´÷ÏÐ]l* C¯Œl Ðól$¯ól-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ {´ù{V>-ÐŒl$¯]l$ A…¨-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. AÆý‡á™èl: HO§ðl¯é yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: M>Ð]l$¯Œl AyìlÃ-çÙ¯Œl sñæ‹Üt-(-M>Å-sŒæ), {VýS*‹³ yìlçÜP-çÙ¯Œl, C…r-Æý‡*ÓÅÌZÏ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê-§Šl-ÌZ° C…yìl-Ķæ$¯Œl ¼h-¯ðl‹Ü çÜ*PÌŒæ.. JMóS-yé¨ ´ù‹Üt {V>yýl$Å-Äôæ$sŒæ {´ù{V>…-(-ï³-i-ï³) A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. C¨ G…½H yìl{X™ø çÜÐ]l*¯]l…. Ð]l*Æð‡P-sìæ…VŠS, Oòœ¯é¯ŒlÞ, {Ýëtri A…yŠl Îyýl-ÆŠ‡-íÙ‹³, Bç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯ŒlÞ, C¯]l¹-Æó‡Ã-çÙ¯Œl sñæM>²Ëi, G…r-ÆŠ‡-{ò³-¯]l*Å-ÆŠ‡-íÙ‹³ Ð]l…sìæ òܵçÙ-OÌñæ-gôæ-çÙ¯]l$Ï A…§ýl$»ê-r$ÌZ E¯é²Æ‡¬. AÆý‡á™èl: HO§ðl¯é yìl{X. Æð‡…yólâ¶æÏ ç³° A¯]l$-¿¶æÐ]l… E¯]l² A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦-ËMýS$ {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… E…r$…¨. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: iÐ]l*ÅsŒæ, AMýS-yýl-Ñ$MŠSÞ, ç³° A¯]l$-¿¶æÐ]l…, A¿¶æÅ-ǦÌZ° ¯éĶæ$-MýS™èlÓ Ë„ýS-×êË B«§é-Æý‡…V> {ç³Ðól-Ô>Ë$ MýS͵Ýë¢Æý‡$. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.isb.edu Ð]l¬…O»ñæ-ÌZ° ¯]lÈÞ Ððl*…i C¯Œl-íÜt-r*ÅsŒæ B‹œ Ðól$¯ól-gŒæÐðl$…sŒæ.. ÑÑ«§ýl òܵçÙ-OÌñæ-gôæ-çÙ-¯]lÏ™ø G…½H A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: HO§ðl¯é yìl{X {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: G¯Œl-Ð]l*ÅsŒæ {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-ç³-È-„ýSÌZ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. G…ïÜH MøÆý‡$Þ¯]l$ A…¨-çÜ$¢¯]l² C¯Œl-íÜt-r*Å-sŒæË ÑÐ]l-Æ>Ë$ ™ðlË-ç³…yìl? & Æ>«§ýl, _™èl*¢Æý‡$ sìæ. Ð]l¬Æý‡ä«§ýlÆý‡¯Œl UNITS SCIENTISTS G…½H MøÆý‡$Þ.. CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES–FORMULAS Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê-§Šl-ÌZ° C…yìl-Ķæ$¯Œl ¼h-¯ðl‹Ü çÜ*PÌŒæ.. JMóS-yé¨ ´ù‹Üt {V>yýl$Å-Äôæ$sŒæ {´ù{V>…-(-ï³-i-ï³) A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. C¨ G…½H yìl{X™ø çÜÐ]l*¯]l…. Ð]l*Æð‡P-sìæ…VŠS, Oòœ¯é¯ŒlÞ, {Ýëtri A…yŠl Îyýl-ÆŠ‡íÙ‹³, Bç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯ŒlÞ, C¯]l¹-Æó‡Ã-çÙ¯Œl sñæM>²-Ëi Ð]l…sìæ òܵçÙ-OÌñæ-gôæ-çÙ¯]l$Ï A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E¯é²Æ‡¬. Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê-§Šl-ÌZ° EÝëÃ-°Ä¶æ* ÑÔ¶æÓ-Ñ-§éÅ-ËĶæ$….. G…ïÜ-H¯]l$ A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: Ð]l*Å£ýl-Ððl$-sìæMŠSÞ çÜ»ñæj-MýS$t™ø yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: IòÜ-sŒæÌZ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.osmania.ac.in ÑÔ>-Q-ç³-r²…-ÌZ° B…{«§é ÑÔ¶æÓ-Ñ-§éÅ-ËĶæ$….. G…ïÜH¯]l$ A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: çÜ…º…-«¨™èl Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-ç³-È-„ýSÌZ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.nmims.edu Ð]l¬…O»ñæ-ÌZ° G‹Üï³ Ogñ毌l C¯Œl-íÜt-r*ÅsŒæ B‹œ Ðól$¯ól-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ A…yŠl ÈòÜÆŠ‡a.. ÑÑ«§ýl òܵçÙ-OÌñæ-gôæ-çÙ-¯]lÏ™ø Ðól$¯ól-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ ѧýlů]l$ A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: çÜ…º…-«¨™èl Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-ç³-È„ýS, {VýS*‹³-yìl-çÜP-çÙ¯Œl, C…r-Æý‡*ÓÅÌZÏ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.spjimr.org ç³#×ôæ-ÌZ° íÜ…º-Ķæ*-íÜ‹Ü C¯Œl-íÜt-r*ÅsŒæ B‹œ ¼h-¯ðl‹Ü Ðól$¯ólgŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ.. ÑÑ«§ýl òܵçÙ-OÌñæ-gôæ-çÙ-¯]lÏ™ø G…½H A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: çÜ…º…-«¨™èl Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: G‹Ü-G-¯Œl-Hï³ {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-ç³-È„ýS, {VýS*‹³ yìlçÜP-çÙ¯Œl, C…r-Æý‡*ÓÅÌZÏ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.sibm.edu AçßæÃ-§é-»ê-§Šl-ÌZ° Ð]l¬{§é C¯Œl-íÜt-r*ÅsŒæ B‹œ MýSÐ]lÊÅ-°-MóSçÙ¯ŒlÞ.. òœÌZ {´ù{V>ÐŒl$Þ, MýSÐ]lÊÅ-°-MóS-çÙ-¯ŒlÞÌZ ´ù‹Üt {V>yýl$Å-Äôæ$sŒæ yìl´÷Ï-Ð]l*¯]l$ A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: çÜ…º…-«¨™èl Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-ç³-È-„ýSÌZ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.mica.ac.in gêÆý‡U…-yŠl-ÌZ° gôæÑ-Ķæ$ÆŠ‡ C¯Œl-íÜt-r*ÅsŒæ B‹œ Ðól$¯ól-gŒæÐðl$…sŒæ.. ÑÑ«§ýl òܵçÙ-OÌñæ-gôæ-çÙ-¯]lÏ™ø G…½H A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: HO§ðl¯é yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: GMŠSÞ-H-sîæ-/-i-Ð]l*ÅsŒæ, {VýS*‹³ yìlçÜP-çÙ¯Œl, C…rÆý‡*ÓÅÌZÏ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.xlri.ac.in çœ$h-Ķæ*-»ê-§Šl-ÌZ° C¯Œl-íÜt-r*ÅsŒæ B‹œ Ðól$¯ól-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ sñæM>²-Ëi.. ÑÑ«§ýl òܵçÙ-OÌñæ-gôæ-çÙ-¯]lÏ™ø Ðól$¯ól-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ ѧýlů]l$ A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: HO§ðl¯é yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-ç³-È„ýS, {VýS*‹³-yìl-çÜP-çÙ¯Œl, C…r-Æý‡*ÓÅÌZÏ E¡¢-Æý‡~™èl B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.imt.edu Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.andhrauniversity.edu.in A¯]l…-™èl-ç³#-Æý‡…-ÌZ° } MýS–çÙ~-§ól-Ð]l-Æ>Ķæ$ ÑÔ¶æÓ-Ñ-§éÅËĶæ$….. G…ïÜ-H¯]l$ A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: çÜ…º…-«¨™èl Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: IòÜ-sŒæÌZ Æ>Å…MýS$ B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.skuniversity.org Ð]lÆý‡…-VýS-ÌŒæ-ÌZ° M>MýS-¡Ä¶æ$ ÑÔ¶æÓ-Ñ-§éÅ-ËĶæ$….. G…ïÜ-H¯]l$ A…¨-Ýù¢…¨. AÆý‡á™èl: çÜ…º…-«¨™èl Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ yìl{X. {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ…: IòÜ-sŒæÌZ Æ>Å…MýS$ B«§é-Æý‡…V>. Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.kakatiya.ac.in Ò$ çÜË-àË$, çÜ…§ól-àË$ ç³…´ë-ÍÞ¯]l _Æý‡$-¯éÐ]l*: Ýë„ìS ¿¶æÑ™èl, MóSÆ>‹œ Ýë„ìS fÆý‡²-Íf… çÜ*PÌŒæ, 8&-2-&-6-96, 69-7-/-7-5-/1, íÜ™éÆý‡ {V>…yŠl çßZrÌŒæ ç³MýSP¯]l, ÆøyŠl ¯ðl….12, º…gê-Æ>-íßæÌŒæÞ, Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê-§Šl-&-5-0-0-0-34. D&-Ððl$-Ƈ¬ÌŒæ : sakshieducation@gmail.com G‹Ü-G-‹ÜïÜ ïÜi-G-ÌŒæMýS$ E_™èl Õ„ýS×æ Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê§Šl: "2-0-16 G‹Ü-G-‹ÜïÜ ïÜi-GÌŒæ ç³È-„ýSMýS$ Ýë„ìS §éÓÆ> E_™èl Õ„ýS-×æ'. Ò$Æý‡$ ^èl¨Ñ…¨ °fÐól$. MóSÐ]lË… JMýS B¯Œl-OÌñ毌l sñæ‹Üt §éÓÆ> Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê-§Šl-ÌZ° {ç³Ð]l¬Q Mø_…VŠS çÜ…çܦÌZ E_™èl Õ„ýS×æ ´÷…§ól çÜ$Ð]l-Æ>~-Ð]l-M>Ô¶æ… MýS͵-çÜ$¢…¨.. Ò$ Ýë„ìS. íœ{º-Ð]lÇ 19¯]l °Æý‡Ó-íßæ…^ól sñæçÜ$tÌZ Ððl$ÇsŒæ Ý뫨…-_¯]l 100 Ð]l$…¨° G…í³MýS ^ólíÜ ïÜi-GÌŒæ 20-16 ç³È-„ýSMýS$ E_™èl Õ„ýS×æ A…¨-çÜ$¢…¨. Ððl$ÇsŒæ gê¼-™éÌZ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ 25 Ð]l$…¨MìS ç³NÇ¢ E_-™lè …V>, ™èlÆ>Ó™èl 25 Ð]l$…¨MìS 75 Ô>™èl… Æ>Ƈ¬¡, ™èlÆ>Ó™èl 25 Ð]l$…¨MìS 50 Ô>™èl…, _Ð]lÇ 25 Ð]l$…¨MìS 25 Ô>™èl… Æ>Ƈ¬¡ E…r$…¨. A…™ól M>MýS$…yé Üï i-GÌŒæ sO æñ ÆŠ‡-I ÌZ AÆý‡á™èl Ý뫨…-_¯]l ÐéÇMìS OsñæÆŠ‡--IIMýS$ MýS*yé E_™èl Õ„ýS×æ CÝë¢Æý‡$. Çh-{õÜt-çÙ¯]l$Ï {´ëÆý‡…¿¶æ…. ç³È„ýS ™ól¨: œí {º-Ðl] Ç 19; Mø_…VŠS ´ëÆŠ‡t-¯]lÆŠ‡: IH-ïÜD, Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê§Šl http://www.sakshieducation.com SAKSHI EDUCATION