Biomaterials: Perspectives and Possibilities
A Summary of the 2009 Mauritius – USA Workshop
November 30th – December 4th, 2009
Gary Bowlin, Michael Brown, Jason Burdick, Sharon Gerecht, Anthony Guiseppi-Elie,
Ali Khademhosseini, Catherine Kuo, Kam Leong, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Dhanjay
Jurry, David L. Kaplan
1. Summary
A
Workshop
entitled
“Biomaterials:
Perspectives
and
Possibilities”
(http://www.uom.ac.mu/polymer/workshop/) was held at the University of Mauritius, Reduit,
Mauritius, from November 30th, 2009 through December 4th, 2009. The workshop was funded
by the National Science Foundation and organized by Professor David Kaplan of Tufts
University in collaboration with Professor Dhanjay Jhurry of the University of Mauritius. The
focus of the conference was on the state of the art in biomaterials research and each of the five
days focused on a specific, unifying theme; biomaterials, regenerative medicine, drug delivery,
nanotechnology/biosensors, and government/industry issues in the Indian Ocean region
(Appendix A). An accomplished group of faculty was recruited to run the workshop and various
Mauritian Ministries were in attendance to facilitate a productive meeting and assess the long
term impact of biomaterials research (Appendix B). Participants were invited from surrounding
regions, including Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia, India, Australia and related environs
(Appendix C). This workshop identified many of the needs of the Indian Ocean Region as it
applies to multinational biomaterials research and collaboration. The conference participants
committed to build long-standing impact for this initiative through follow on planning and
programs so that a sustainable set of opportunities can be provided for the region as biomaterials
research grows over time.
This involved partnerships between government, industry and
faculty.
The major outcomes of the workshop were three-fold:
1. The results from the conference are being disseminated via the development of a graduate
level course in Biomaterials for the University of Mauritius that will be jointly taught by
faculty from the United States, rather than through traditional conference proceedings
(Appendix D). We thought this outlet would better serve the promotion of biomaterials
education in the region.
2. The initiation of collaborative research efforts between conference participants from Africa,
the Indian Ocean Region, and the United States (Appendix E).
3. The planning of follow-on needs to develop student exchange programs for research, training,
and education in biomaterials research between the University of Mauritius and various
universities in the United States.
The conference provided participants the opportunity to learn more about the current global state
of biomaterials research and the future directions of the field as a whole. The primary focus was
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on the needs, opportunities and future plans for multinational collaboration in biomaterials
research between the United States, Mauritius, and the broader Indian Ocean region.
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2. Background:
Perhaps more than any other field, biomaterials brings together researchers from across diverse
disciplines and backgrounds. The workshop, Biomaterials: Perspectives and Possibilities, built
on this, with the objective of developing an interdisciplinary research, education and training
program, focusing on the engineering of biomaterials for use in tissue engineering, drug delivery,
nanomedicine, and biosensing. Biomaterials have a long history – dental implants are arguably
the earliest examples, with the Mayans creating teeth from seashells for bone integration. Now,
biomaterials are used in a broad spectrum of applications, from growing cells in culture to
‘biochips’. They are specifically engineered to have unique properties that interface with
biological systems for evaluation in the body and the environment; drug delivery therapy; and
the replacement of diseased or injured tissue. Biomaterials substantially impact human health,
with nearly 20 million people having had functional organ replacement in 2000 [Ratner, et al;
2004]. And as the overall global population continues to age, demand only will increase.
Recent advances in biology and chemistry have brought fresh energy to the field in the areas of
implantable medical devices, tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, imaging agents,
bionanotechnology, and biosensors. Biomaterial options are broad, and include metals, ceramics
and glasses, degradable and non-degradable synthetic polymers, and biological polymers, both
native and genetically engineered. While the design properties of these biomaterials have
advanced, future needs include more diversity in chemistry and structure, and the ability to
match specific materials to tissues and repair needs. It is important that biomaterial features
include control of material structure, chemistry and morphology, biocompatibility, controllable
rates of degradation, processability in biocompatible solvents, modification for additional
function and optimization, and a wide range of mechanical properties. Biomaterial-biology
interface issues include protein adsorption, cell interactions, blood compatibility, calcification,
inflammation, immunological responses, allergic responses, hydrolysis, physical irritation, and
toxicology.
Biomaterials: Perspectives and Possibilities was co-organized by Professor David L. Kaplan,
Tufts University and Professor Dhanjay Jhurry, University of Mauritius. Dr. Kaplan is Professor
and Chair of the Biomedical Engineering Department at Tufts, and focuses on biopolymer
engineering to understand structure-function relationships, with emphasis on studies related to
biomaterials and functional tissue engineering. He is also the Director of the NIH P41 Resource
Center on Tissue Engineering – a program that facilitates extensive national and international
research, training and related needs in the field, covering biomaterials, stem cell biology,
bioreactors and related needs. Dr. Jhurry is a Professor in the Chemistry Department and group
leader of the Polymer Group Research Program. His program develops
biodegradable/bioresorbable polymers for use as medical devices such as cardiac valves, stents,
wound dressings, and drug delivery vehicles. He is a leading researcher in the region and has
well-established relationships with other biomaterials researchers.
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3. Summary of Lectures:
Summary of Day 1 (Nov 30, 2009)
Biomaterials
The underlying theme for day 1 of the workshop evolved around biomaterials and the regulation
of cell function through biomaterial design. Four long talks, two short talks and discussions
covered a broad scope of the field – design of “smart” (functional, custom-designed)
biomaterials, biophysical (molecular, hydrodynamic, mechanical, electrical) interactions between
the biomaterial and the living cells, and the utilization of biomaterials for tissue engineering. One
unifying theme that emerged in all talks was the need for biological principles for biomaterial
design. Another theme was that of “dynamic reciprocity” of the interaction between the cells and
their matrix.
Dr Kaplan (Smart biomaterials) reviewed biomaterials inspired by biology and designed for
regenerative medicine, with respect to the regulation of cell function, formation and turnover of
extracellular matrix, metabolic processes, and tissue assembly. The emphasis was on collagens and
silks. The emerging possibilities that were discussed included the development of fully resorbable
implantable medical devices, the use of biomaterials to enhance prevascularization, conduct signals,
and build systems for use in space missions.
Dr Kuo (Mechanical factors) discussed mechanical signaling in the context of cell-biomaterial
interactions, for a variety of tissues and applications. Mechanoregulation of cell fate, tissue
development and function was emphasized as a critical design requirement for biomaterials utilized
to guide and support tissue development. The application and generation of mechanical forces were
discussed for a range of load-bearing tissues, with particular emphasis on tendon development and
tissue engineering.
Dr Vunjak-Novakovic (Tissue engineering) reviewed the cultivation of fully biological, functional
human tissue grafts by an integrated use of repair cells, biomaterial scaffolds and bioreactors.
“Biomimetic” approach to tissue engineering and the need to restore normal tissue function, were
emphasized. Custom-design of biomaterial scaffolds was discussed in the context of the need to
“instruct” the cells to differentiate into a functional tissue structure. The current challenges of the
field were also identified.
Dr Burdick (Modifications of biomaterials) covered a range of techniques for modifying the
composition and structure of a variety of materials for biomedical application, from metal and
ceramics to hydrogels and biodegradable polymers. The talk emphasized the importance of
biomaterial design for physicochemical interactions between the cells and the scaffold, and the
importance of controllable and degradable materials. The introduction of functional groups designed
to guide cell function was discussed.
Dr Bezuidenhout (Vascular grafts) discussed structural requirements for synthetic vascular grafts
that can be endothelialized in vitro with a confluent layer of cells. Strategies for the establishment of
nonthrombogenic properties and vasculogenesis were outlined.
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Dr Ripamonti (Bone formation) discussed how some porous biomaterials induce the formation of
vascularized bone by mesenchymal stem cells when implanted in an ectopic site, by following
mechanisms involved in early bone development.
Summary of Day 2 (December 1, 2009)
Regenerative Medicine
The underlying theme for day 2 of the workshop evolved around regenerative medicine and a variety
of recent advances within this area. Four long talks, one short talk and discussions covered a broad
scope of the field – system strategies and stem cells in regenerative medicine, microengineered
hydrogels that can be used to assemble tissue structures, bioreactor systems with an emphasis on
musculoskeletal tissues (e.g., bone and cartilage), and advances in biomaterials for use in
regenerative medicine. The primary themes of the day included recent advances in various
components of tissue engineering, including the cells, biomaterials, and culture environments and
using these concepts to advance the field and clinical translation of these materials.
Dr Gerecht (System strategies and stem cells) reviewed how stem cells are finding utility in the field
of regenerative medicine, including interactions with biomaterials. She presented on basic concepts
related to cell sources for tissue engineering and how they can be utilized in regenerative medicine
strategies. Vascular regeneration was used as the model system to illustrate how these decisions are
made and how stem cells can be used in these systems. Approaches included a range of hydrogels
based on alginates, hyaluronic acid, and dextran with modular properties to obtain desired results.
Dr Khademhosseini (Microengineered systems) discussed the development and application of
microtechnology for regenerative medicine applications. This work was divided into the areas of
microwells, “bottom-up approaches”, and “top-down approaches”. These approaches are useful for
the screening of cellular microenvironments, as well as for the assembly of tissue structures. The
focus was on controlling embryonic stem cell differentiation, as well as the development of cardiac
tissues.
Dr Vunjak-Novakovic (Bioreactors) reviewed the application of tissue engineering principles for the
regeneration of a range of musculoskeletal tissues, including bone, ligament, and cartilage growth.
These approaches used a range of biomaterials (e.g., poly(glycolic acid), silks), bioreactors, and
media formulations to engineer tissues. It was pointed out that these tissues are quite different and
need a unique approach (e.g., choice of biomaterial) for adequate engineering and repair.
Vascularization was identified as an unmet need for many tissue engineering constructs.
Dr Burdick (Advances in Regenerative Medicine) covered recent advances in the development of
advanced biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Materials that have excellent control in both time
(via degradation) and space (via patterning) were discussed, as well as how this control can be used
to manipulate formed tissue properties and cellular behavior. Combinatorial syntheses and high
throughput screening technology was also covered for the development of a wide range of polymeric
materials and to identify molecules that can influence stem cell behavior.
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Dr Ripamonti (Bone and Clinical Translation) provided information on the translation of therapies
related to bone regeneration from animal studies to the clinic. Particularly, his lecture focused on the
limitations of animal models and the differences in observed bone formation between what is
observed in animal models and what is found in the various models.
Summary of Day 3 (December 2, 2009)
Drug Delivery
The presentations on day 3 of the workshop focused on drug delivery, which included delivery of
chemotherapeutics, growth factors, cytokines, diagnostic markers, and DNA-based therapeutics. A
wealth of design in drug carriers, gene carriers, theranostics, and nanoparticle decoration highlighted
the continuing and important role of biomaterials can play in this field. The talks also underscored
the ample opportunity for innovation to tackle therapeutic challenges.
Dr. Jhurry (Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems) reviewed the rationale and fundamentals of
controlled release and covered the main types and characteristics of nanoscale drug delivery systems
with particular attention paid to polymer-drug conjugates and polymeric micelles, and discussed the
correlation of the physicochemical properties of these drug delivery systems with their biological
performance. The lecture also discussed the challenges and opportunities of applying innovative
polymer chemistry and materials science to develop complex multi-functional nanoparticles.
Dr. Leong (Cancer Therapy) discussed the design of bioadhesive microspheres for intravesical
delivery to improve efficacy against bladder cancer and the development of polyanhydride (Gliadel)
for intracranial implantation to treat glioblastoma multiforme. The development and performance of
autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme
in clinical trials were shown. The lecture also emphasized the promise of immunotherapy against
cancer, with discussion on how delivery technologies could help advance the field by effectively
presenting co-stimulatory signals to the antigen presenting cells for stimulating optimal antitumor
immune response.
Dr. Lecommandoux (Polymer Vesicles) reviewed the important features of polymersomes in drug
delivery. Formed by self-assembly of block copolymers, these polymersomes excelled in control of
size, shape, stability, pH-sensitivity and versatility in comparison to lipid vesicles. The lecture
discussed in details the interesting features of polysaccharide and polypeptide-based block
copolymers in drug delivery. The presentation also showed the recent development of magnetic
polymersomes, which exhibited exciting potential as theranostics in tumor targeting and tumor
regression studies in animal models.
Dr Leong (Gene Therapy) discussed the design and application of polymeric gene carriers for DNAbased therapeutics. After a discussion of the performance of chitosan and polyphosphoesters in
genetic immunization and gene medicine applications, respectively, the talk focused on engineering
polymeric carriers that can release an intact DNA at the optimal time and subcellular compartment.
The lecture covered the combination of material design, novel imaging techniques, and sophisticated
in vitro model systems to facilitate the rational design of polymeric gene delivery vectors.
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Dr. Klumperman (Alternative to Pegylation) discussed the use of Reversible AdditionFragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) to introduce chain end functionalities into proteins. The
presentation highlighted two examples, the first on the conjugation of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)
(PVP) to a protein, and the second on the use of star-shaped PVP for the synthesis of hydrogels.
Dr. Bhaw-Luximon (Oligoagarose-g-PCL) presented the synthesis and characterization of
amphiphilic copolymer obtained from grafting enzymatically degraded agarose onto PCL. The
copolymer formed micelles and showed promising properties in terms of small size, reasonable drug
loading, cost, and favorable release kinetics. The oligoagarose-g-PCL compared very favorably to
other micellar delivery systems with respect to delivering ketoprofen.
Dr. Narain (Carbohydrate-based nanostructured materials) discussed the design of biologically
relevant glycopolymers and glyconanoparticles and their characteristics with respect to toxicity,
biomolecular recognition, cellular uptake and gene delivery applications.
Dr. Ateh (Intrajan Delivery Platform) discussed a proprietary intracellular drug delivery platform
developed at Barts and the University of London. The presentation showed the uptake of
microparticles by non-professional phagocytes and the modulation of this process by a specific
protein applicable to cancer.
Summary of Day 4 (December 3, 2009)
Nanotechnology and Biosensors
The presentations on day 4 of the workshop focused on nanotechnology and their applications to
biosensing and regenerative medicine. The talks started by focusing on the use of nano and
microscale technologies and hydrogels for biosensing. The topic of electrospinning and its
application for regenerative medicine was then described. The talks later in the day focused on the
use of nanotechnology for global health applications such as tuberculosis was discussed. Finally the
future applications and needs of nano and microscale technologies for regenerative medicine and
tissue engineering was discussed. The day also included poster presentations by the students from
Mauritius.
Dr. Guiseppi-Elie (elecroconductive hydrogel biosensors) discussed the development of
electroconductive hydrogels for biosensing applications. He discussed the point of making different
kinds of electroconductive hydrogels for various applications such as in vivo brain stimulation. He
also discussed the opportunities in battlefield trauma as well as pediatric cardiac care. After giving
a broad overview of the area of biosensing, Dr. Guiseppi-Elie discussed the development of biosmart
networks of biosensors made from various polymeric hydrogels that can respond to various types of
materials. The entire device should be handheld and fabricated into devices. Thus the device can
be implanted as an in vivo biosensor where all the components are integrated. The implantable
devices can be used to detect various entities like pH lactate and glucose concentrations. In some
variations there are hydrogels patterned on electrodes which can then be used to detect the specific
entity. The hydrogels are dispensed on the electrodes by a bioprinter and can then be crosslinked
and used.
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Dr. Bowlin (Nanotechnology processing) presented on the use of nanoscale processing for making
fibers of various types of polymeric biomaterials. He stated that the tissue engineering has
similarities to fabricating fabrics. Thus the goal was to replicate the fabric-based tissue engineering
scaffolds that mimic the natural extracellular matrix. Electrospinning had been developed a long
time ago but only recently it has been used for tissue engineering. The process of electrospinning
was described. Various polymers were spun and used as scaffolds for vascular and bone tissue
engineering. Examples that used natural polymers like collagen, silk and fibrinogen were described.
Electrospun scaffolds showed much improved performance due to their biomimetic properties.
Interestingly, the mechanical properties of the scaffolds could be easily controlled over a wide range
of properties and the fibers could be spun randomly or aligned based on processing conditions.
Dr. Swai (Nanotechnology for Tuberculosis) presented a talk on the use of nanotechnology and drug
delivery for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). TB is a high killer in Africa due to co-infection with
HIV which reduces immunity. Dr. Swai presented about the challenges in the conventional oral
drug delivery systems and presented nanomedicine as a potentially powerful method of overcoming
these challenges. She discussed her work on the development of nanoscale systems for delivering
drugs for TB.
Dr. Khademhosseini (Future needs of micro/nanoscale technologies) discussed the current and the
future directions of the use of nano and microscale technologies for cell-based biosensing and
regenerative medicine. He divided the talk into different sections such as surface modification,
microarrays, microfluidics, mechanics and tissue complexity and for each section he discussed the
current state of the art and the future needs of the area. It is clear that much progress has been made
and new nanoscale technologies have started to make a great deal of impact in enhancing the areas
of regenerative medicine and biosensing. As an example, microarrays of thousands of polymers
have been generated for optimizing the differentiation of stem cells. In addition, novel nanoscale
materials have been generated with enhanced mechanical properties. In addition, Dr.
Khademhosseini discussed the fabrication of electrospun scaffolds with elastomeric properties by
mixing PGS and PCL mixtures. Work was also discussed at the interface between microfabrication
and cell culture. In particular various technologies to pattern cells and generate patterned co-cultures
were discussed.
Dr. Kistamah (Cyclodextrins) described the use of cyclodextrins in textile industry. Cyclodextrins
can make hydrophobic cavities that can be used to deliver molecules to textiles. Dr. Kistamah also
described the role of the cyclodextrin on the photostability of the bleached wool and cotton fabric.
List of Poster Presentations:
1. Synthesis of Poly (sucrose-epichlorohydrin)-g-PCL Amphiphilic Copolymers. Y.
Jugdawa, S. Motala-Timol, A. Bhaw-Luximon, D. Jhurry, Polymer Group, Department of
Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
2. Novel ABC Micelles as Drug Nanocarriers. R. Jeetah, Y. Lochee, A. Bhaw-Luximon, D.
Jhurry, Polymer Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit,
Mauritius
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3. Ketoprofen-Loaded Poly(Lys-b-CL) Core-Shell Micelles. A. Veeren, A. Bhaw-Luximon,
D. Jhurry, Polymer Group, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit,
Mauritius
4. Novel Biodegradable Poly (Ester−Ether)s: Copolymers from 1,4-Dioxan-2-one and 3Methyl-1,4-Dioxan-2-one. Y. Lochee, A. Bhaw-Luximon, D. Jhurry Polymer Group,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
5. Cancer Chemoprevention: Alternative Strategies. T. Bahorun & V. S. Neergheen,
Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic
of Mauritius
6. Mauritian Black Tea : Antioxidant Propensity and Prophylactic Application Against
Cardiovascular Diseases. T. Bahorun1*, A. Luximon-Ramma1, T.K. Gunness2, A.
Crozier3 and O.I Aruoma4 1Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University
of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius, 2Cardiac Centre, Pamplemousses, Mauritius 3Plant
Products and Human Nutrition Group, Graham Kerr Building, Division of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ 4The Food Research Center, Department of Applied
Science, London South Bank University, Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United
Kingdom
Summary of Day 5 (December 4, 2009)
Broader Impact – Government and Industry Issues in the Region
The topic of interest for day five was the broader impact of biomaterials research, including
governmental and industrial issues within Mauritius and the Indian Ocean Region. Talks were
given by various industry representatives as well ministries of Mauritius as to the future steps
that the country is taking to convert from a labor-intensive economy to a knowledge-based
economy. Presentations ranged from current research in Mauritius on biomaterials, awarenessraising of science and technology, student exchange with the USA, and new industrial initiatives
to promote science, technology, and industry for Mauritius
Robindro Ghose (Ministry of Industry, Science, and Research) spoke about Mauritius’ strategy
for seeking higher levels of economic growth. This will be done by focusing on science,
technology, and industry in order to make a transition from a labor based economy into a
knowledge based economy. Labor prices in Mauritius are no longer competitive with the global
market so by virtue of necessity Mauritius must pursue an entrepreneurial and innovation led
economy by attracting high tech investments. Several initiatives are already underway which
attempt to synergize academia, industry, and the public sector. These include the promotion of
bioinformatics, stem cell research, medical devices, agriculture, and renewable energy.
Dr. Arjoon Suddhoo (Executive Director, Mauritius Research Council) emphasized that
Mauritius needs to do research which has high commercial value. Many policies have been put
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in place to foster these endeavors and among them is the National Innovation Fund which
promotes students and industry professionals to pursue emerging technology sectors. Priorities
include marine pharmacology, geothermal energy management, and science/technology
education.
Ashokabose Moorgawa (Tertiary Education Commission) stated that the main goal of the
Tertiary Education commission is to provide resources in the form of scholarships and
fellowships for Mauritian students. The ultimate goal of this commission is to promote scientific
research in Mauritius. Mainly, these funds will support a four year PhD program and a 2 year
post-doctoral fellowship. Funding is also available at the undergraduate level. Other forms of
financial support include research grants, symposia and conference grants, as well as publication
grants in the form
Dr. Shyam S. Manraj (Healthcare Consultant) gave an update on biomaterials, drug delivery,
nanomedicine, and biosensors in Mauritius. He spoke about a symposium in Mauritius entitled
Research for Health which will occur in Mauritius in March of 2009. Many issues in Mauritius
are with non-communicable diseases such as cardio-vascular, diabetes, and cancer. Considering
the state of these diseases he discussed the immense potential for the use of biomaterials in
therapeutics and diagnostics within the Mauritian and African communities. These included
glucometers, real-time PCR, mass spectrometry, digital mammography, targeted cancer therapy,
and drug-eluting stents.
A. Dookun-Saumtally (Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute) spoke on the present and
future technologies in sugar cane research. The sugar industry is supported by a strong R&D
program as sugar cane covers 37% of the island’s total area. The institute aims to promote
research and investigation as it applies to crop improvement, protection, diversification, and
mechanization. New technologies give the region access to precision agriculture, soil
management, water and nutrient control, as well as pest and disease management. Also
discussed were the roles of biotechnology, technology transfer, and economics of the sugar cane
industry.
H. Ramsurrun (Rajiv Gandhi Science Centre) shared his vision for public engagement in
nanotechnology in Mauritius. The goal of this centre is to promote scientific literacy and
popularize the field of nanotechnology for the socioeconomic development of the country. They
intend to organize an international conference on nanotechnology in an attempt to engage the
public and close the gap between high tech research and the general public. Mauritius is striving
to be a leader in world class nanotechnology as it applies to energy, agriculture, health,
cosmetics, and water supply.
Mr. Anad Priyay Neewoor (Secretary of Foreign Affairs) defined the current bilateral
cooperation between Mauritius and the USA. Each country shares a vision of entrepreneurship
and those attitudes must be leveraged through collaboration in science and technology. The US
is currently supporting Mauritius in oceanography research and in the past as collaborated with
the University of Maryland for the development of a medical school in Mauritius. However,
more can be done to promote research collaborations between Africa and the United States.
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Kreshna Gopal (Board of Investment) gave an overview of the Healthcare and Life Sciences
Cluster in Mauritius. Their goal is to facilitate businesses who want to develop in Mauritius.
The board provides guidance on company location, what facilities should be available, and helps
them attain the licenses and clearances necessary to do business in Mauritius. The number of
health-care professionals is on the rise in Mauritius so alliances must be built between
investment companies, research institutions and academia. It is a goal to develop regional
laboratories and institutions so that Mauritius can take an active leadership role in scientific
research.
NATEC Medical Ltd (Medical Device Manufacturing) spoke on their experience with the
challenges, needs, and opportunities associated with doing business as a medical device company
in Mauritius. Challenges include human resources, supply of raw materials, quality systems, and
fluctuations in currency. By keeping R&D local NATEC Medical Ltd has helped invest in
education and training in order to keep medical device manufacturing held to a global standard.
Summary: NSF-Sponsored Attendees
BOWLIN Gary
Virginia Commonwealth University
BROWN Michael
Tufts University
BURDICK Jason
University of Pennsylvania
GERECHT Sharon
John Hopkins University
GUISEPPI-ELIE Anthony
Clemson University
KAPLAN David L
Tufts University
KHADEMHOSSEINI Ali
Harvard University
Early Career
KUO Catherine
Tufts University
Early Career
LEONG Kam
Duke University
VUNJAK-NOVAKOVIC Gordana
Columbia University
Graduate Student
Early Career
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4. Future Plans and Planning
a. Education
Masters Course:
• Establish a masters-level course on Biomaterials as a centerpiece for a strong program in
biomaterials, leading in a first instance to a postgraduate certificate from the University of
Mauritius
• Compile example curriculum from participants and distil to a usable course syllabus that can
accommodate students from different disciplines
• The course will be modular in nature to suit students with different backgrounds (chemistry,
biology, engineering, medicine, etc.) and at different levels, undergraduate, graduate, and
continuing education
• Identify prerequisites or related preparations for students depending on background
o the first 10 lectures could be designated to make up for deficiencies in background
o some basic molecular biology or biochemistry classes could be required from
engineering/chemistry
o The beginning of the course should include basics in cell biology
• Modular approach, a common first module to get everyone to the same level, other modules may
cover nanotechnology, biosensors, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery
o Develop the modules in the three parts as covered in the conference. Teach the entire
module with an emphasis on biomaterials as they apply to:
ƒ Part 1: Regenerative Medicine
ƒ Part 2: Drug Delivery
ƒ Part 3: Nanotechnology/Biosensors
ƒ Part 4: Medical Devices, Imaging
o Exam/Quiz frequency is different in Mauritius than in the United States, they only have
exams at the very end of the semester but suggesting shorter quizzes, one after each
module instead of 1 large final exam would be most beneficial for student learning
o A final paper could be written on a topic of the student’s choosing in consultation with the
faculty teaching the course
o Students could present on specific research papers, this is helpful when the students focus
on 2 papers and place it in a broader context (by reading). They then are encouraged to
find links between the bench and the scientific conclusions. More advanced levels will
also critically comment on the papers from their perspective/background
o Notes on course – est. at 90 hrs, rationale– build capacity for hospitals setting up world
class labs, training, build student expertise, etc.
• Potential to use video conferencing so the faculty from overseas can help to teach
o Video facilities are available at University of Mauritius
o Also Skype is used quite frequently
o the 9-12 hour time difference between the US and Mauritius needs to be considered
o If lectures were to be given from the United States, then doing a 3 hour course once a
week could make sense, perhaps have each professor speak for 2 weeks at a time and
then switch to the next professor/topic.
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o Much like Blackboard in the United States, the University of Mauritius has a system
called the Virtual Centre for Instructive and Learning Technologies where professors can
post their PowerPoint slides and students can access via password
o Handouts and reading material should be made available prior to the class so students can
review and/or print off material before the class
o Presenters from the US at the conference provide copies of their slides for use as a
template in preparing the course materials. These slides would be available only to
registered students for the course.
o How do international (USA, SA, France) faculty gain access – courtesy appointments or
all materials funneled through Dhanjay
Other Educational Goals:
• No such course exists in the Indian Ocean Region and Sub-Saharan Africa, need to look into such
courses in South Africa and find bridges with needs there – to expand the outreach of the
proposed course on biomaterials
• Prepare a pool of trained scientists in Mauritius to sustain industrial development in this area –
such as through the course plans, collaborative research plans (see below) and the masters degree
plans.
• Provide continued education for doctors, industry professionals, and government specialists, the
world of biomaterials for the region should be open not to just students at the University of
Mauritius, but also a wider range of students. May need approval from the Mauritian Medical
Association.
• Seek broader involvement by potential stakeholders: Mauritian Medical Association, Mauritian
Plastics/Polymers Society, etc.
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b. Research Collaborations:
Research Projects –
• Identify and follow up on research collaborations among the faculty present (see listing below).
These would be one-on-one follow ups. A number of these interactions were discussed at the
meeting.
o There should be a “BIOMATERIALS” website as soon as possible to serve as the focal
point from the workshop, ongoing plans, course details and research opportunities. Links
to other options in the region can be included, such as the South African Biomaterials
Society, Dhanjay’s web site (www.uom.ac.mu/polymer), industries, etc.
Student Exchanges:
• Identify collaborative research projects and students from Mauritius or from other countries may
wish to come to host labs for extended stays (1 year is recommended) – funding would be from
Mauritius government fellowships or other sources to be identified.
• Funding under the OISE students from Mauritius on joint research – estimate of costs (per student
per year, $1,500/month plus travel = $20,000/student year), with goals of three students in year 1
and five students per year thereafter. Thus, $60,000 is needed in year 1 to initiate the program
and $100,000 each year thereafter.
• Funding from the NSF to support such exchanges. The NSF mentioned that they would consider
proposals coming from this Workshop. It is recommended that a portfolio of short proposals, one
from each US representative, be identified and packaged into a single USA-Mauritius
submission for NSF-Mauritius funding. The Mauritian Ministry of Education should be
encouraged to co-fund these proposals.
• Solicit help from the US embassy in Mauritius
• Seek internships for University of Mauritius students abroad to develop their knowledge and
experience in biomaterials research, development and applications.
• Top students from Mauritius should be selected initially to promote initial success for the program
of exchanges – masters level or PhD level
Specific Joint Research Projects Initiated from the Meeting – these are ideas generated in discussions at
the meeting. The details of each project will be worked out in the coming weeks by the participants
listed on the Table to see if they are viable to move forward.
African Lead
Oceanography
Institute,
Mauritius
US Lead
Sharon Gerecht
Project Title
Algal Cell
Therapies
Dhanjay Jhurry,
U. Maurtius
Jason Burdick,
Sharon Gerecht
Hydrogels from
Alginates
CAPLI
Foundation
David Kaplan
Silk production
in rural
Brief Description
Use of cancer cell lines in
Mauritius to test the
therapeutic potential of Indian
Ocean algae
modify low molecular weight
agarose to fabricate hydrogels
and assess differences
hydrogels on cellular behavior
Foster development of
biomaterial supplies and
14
(Catherine Craig)
communities
Dhanjay Jhurry,
U. Maurtius
Hulda Swai,
South Africa
Gary Bowlin
Hospital staff in
Maurtius
David Kaplan,
Gordana
Vunjak—
Novakovic
Kam Leong
Archana
Luximon, U.
Mauritius
Asha DookunSaumtally,
Mauritius Sugar
Industry Research
Institute
Emmanuel
Iwuoha, Dept.
Chemistry, U.
Western Cape, S.
Africa
Janice Limson,
Rhodes U., S.
Africa
Dhanjay Jhurry,
U. Maurtius
David Kaplan
David Kaplan
microeconomies in the region,
married to the research at U.
Mauritius and industry options
Electrospinning Assess electrospinning and
novel polymers properties of new polymers
Nanoparticle
Bioengineered nanoparticle
delivery
delivery systems for specific
diseases in Africa
Training via
Training hospitals staff in stem
NIH P41
cell biology procedures –
Resource
expansion, characterization,
Center - TERC quality control
Induced
Enhance reprogramming
pluripotent stem efficiency through 3D cultures
cells via
in hydrogels
nonviral vectors
Metabolically
Transgenic cellulose formation
engineering
in sugar cane as an option for
cellulose
enhancing efficiency of
biosynthesis
biomass conversion
Anthony
Guiseppi-Elie
Biosensors
Anthony
Guiseppi-Elie
Hydrogel
degradation
Ali
Khademhosseini
Biomaterials for
microscale
tissue
engineering
Other Options:
• Collaboration with the Board of Investment (Mauritius), which organizes the BioHealth conference
in Mauritius on December 7-8 2009 (www.biohealth.mu)
15
c. Grants and Funding Opportunities
• AFOSR – regional funding options to be pursued
• NSF - Materials World Network (NSF 09-600) – Mauritius, South Africa, US, others
• NSF-IRES – International Research Experience for Students, this funds undergraduate and
graduate student exchange, including stipend and travel
• Ministry of Industry, Science and Research (Mauritius) – fellowships for students (see above)
o Proposal to the Ministry to act as a focal agent vis-à-vis the NSF
o Are there other Biomedical companies in Mauritius where we funding might be available
or for internships for the students
• Are there programs for Mauritian students similar to Fulbright, Soros, Gates Foundation, etc.?
• What resources does Mauritius have for travel grants and research grants?
• Is there any industry sponsorship for students?
16
d. Intellectual Property
Protection of Inventions:
• Examples of University procedures for protection of IP will be forwarded to help the ministry
identify suitable plans for Mauritius. This will be an important drive for business opportunities
in Mauritius.
• Some mechanism to cover costs of patenting technology should be implemented and negotiated
17
e. Biomaterials Network
Electronic Data Base:
• Researchers, areas of interest – someone on site will need to facilitate this, an outline of inputs and
plans can be organized this week
• http://www.biomedexperts.com
• http://www.linkedin.com
Resources:
• Via colleagues overseas, local area, etc. – centers for analytical support, training options, etc. – a
listing will be compiled
Organize a local Biomaterials Working Group:
• Local chapter for the Society of Biomaterials Research – to bridge with that which is already
started in South Africa.
Promote Education Awareness – K-12 etc. options, etc.- David to engage CEEO at Tufts, others
Access to equipment in the US labs during student exchanges
18
Appendix A: Conference Itinerary
Monday 30 Nov 2009 - Theme: Biomaterials
08 30 - 09 15 Welcome and Opening Ceremony
09 15 - 09 30 Tea/Coffee break
09 30 - 11 00 Lecture 1: Smart biomaterials – controlling biomaterial features to optimize
function - David Kaplan
11 00 - 12 30 Lecture 2: Mechanical factors for tissue development - Catherine Kuo
12 30 - 13 30 Lunch
13 30 - 15 00 Lecture 3: Engineering human tissues - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
15 00 - 16 30 Lecture 4: Physiochemical interactions, surface modifications - Jason Burdick
16 30 - 16 45 Tea/Coffee break
Short talks on current issues, options for the region and planning:
16 45 - 17 05 Biomaterials for vascular graft applications - Deon Bezuidenhout,Tim Pennell,
Evelyne Nguyen and Peter Zilla (Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of
Cape Town)
17 05 - 17 25 Smart biomimetic matrices and the spontaneous induction of bone formation -Ugo
Ripamonti (Bone Research Laboratory MRC/University of the Witwatersrand)
17 25 - 18 15 Discussion
Tuesday 1 Dec 2009 - Theme: Regenerative Medicine
08 45 - 10 15 Lecture 5: System strategies - Sharon Gerecht
10 15 - 10 30 Tea/Coffee break
10 30 - 12 00 Lecture 6: Microengineered hydrogels for stem cell bioengineering and tissue
regeneration - Ali Khademhosseini
12 00 - 13 00 Lunch
13 00 - 14 30 Lecture 7: Bioreactor systems - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
14 30 - 16 00 Lecture 8: Regenerative medicine: future directions - Jason Burdick
16 00 - 16 15 Tea/Coffee break
Short talks on current issues, options for the region and planning:
16 15 - 16 35 Translating the preclinical promise of osteogenic molecular signals and
Ostoinductive biomaterials into clinical reality: Jumping the species gap U. Ripamonti, C. Ferretti, M. Heliotis (MRC/University of the Witwatersrand,
Medical School, South Africa)
16 35 - 17 25 Discussion
17 25 - 18 25 Poster Session
19
Wednesday 2 Dec 2009 - Theme: Drug Delivery
08 45 - 10 15 Lecture 9: Nanoparticle drug delivery systems - Dhanjay Jhurry
10 15 - 10 30 Tea/Coffee break
10 30 - 12 00 Lecture 10: Polymer vesicles for drug delivery - Sebastien Lecommandoux
12 00 - 13 00 Lunch
13 00 - 14 30 Lecture 11: Cancer therapy: challenges of delivery - Kam Leong
14 30 - 16 00 Lecture 12: Gene therapy: challenges of nonviral delivery - Kam Leong
16 00 - 16 15 Tea/Coffee break
Short talks on current issues, options for the region and planning:
16 15 - 16 35 Will living radical polymerization end the monopoly of PEG? - Bert Klumpermann
(Dept. of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, South
Africa)
16 35 - 16 55 Oligoagarose-g-PCL micelles as nanocarriers for drug delivery - Archana BhawLuximon, Dhanjay Jhurry (Dept. of Chemistry, University of Mauritius)
16 55 - 17 15 Carbohydrate-based nanostructured materials for the study of biomolecular
recognition processes and gene delivery applications - Ravin Narain, Marya
Ahmed, Zhicheng Deng, Xiaoze Jiang (Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada)
17 15 - 17 35 IntraJanTM bioengineered therapeutics delivery platform - Davidson Day Ateh,
Joanne Elizabeth Martin (Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry/ BioMoti Ltd)
19 30 - 22 30 Workshop Dinner at Hilton Mauritius Resort & Spa
Thursday 3 Dec 2009 - Theme: Nanotechnology/Biosensors
08 45 - 10 15 Lecture 13: Electroconductive hydrogels: bioactive and bio-smart polymers in
implantable biosensors, electrostimulated release devices and deep brain
stimulation electrodes - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
10 15 - 10 30 Tea/Coffee break
10 30 - 12 00 Lecture 14: Nanotechnology processing - Gary Bowlin
12 00 - 13 00 Lunch
13 00 - 14 30 Lecture 15: Potential of improving the treatment of tuberculosis through
nanotechnology - Hulda Swai
14 30 - 16 00 Lecture 16: Future needs of micro and nanoscale technologies for biosensing and
regenerative medicine - Ali Khademhosseini
16 00 - 16 15 Tea/Coffee break
Short talks on current issues, options for the region and planning:
16 15 - 16 35 Cyclodextrins in textile: new opportunities for the industry - Dharma Kistamah
(Dept. of Textile Technology, University of Mauritius)
16 35 - 17 25 Discussion
20
17 25 - 18 25 Poster Session
Friday 4 Dec 2009 - Theme: Broader Impact - Government and Industry
Issues in the Region
1. Research:
09 00 - 09 10 Importance of Science, Technology and Innovation for Mauritius Ministry of Industry, Science and Research
09 10 - 09 20 The role of MRC in promoting Science,Technology and Innovation Mauritius Research Council (MRC)
09 20 - 09 30 Promotion of research in Mauritius: The contribution of the Tertiary Education
Commission - Tertiary Education Commission
09 30 - 09 45 Update on biomaterials/drug delivery/nanomedicine/biosensors in Mauritius Ministry of Health and Quality of Life
09 45 - 09 55 New Technologies in Sugarcane Research: Present and Future Applications –
Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute
2. Awareness-raising:
09 55 - 10 05 A vision for public engagement in Nanotechnology – Rajiv Gandhi Science Centre
3. Exchange with the USA:
10 05 - 10 15 Collaborative programs (existing and forthcoming) with the USA in terms of
research, technology transfer and student exchange - Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Regional Integration and International Trade
10 15 - 10 30 Tea/Coffee break
4. Industry:
10 30 - 10 50 Investment Opportunities in Healthcare and Life Sciences - Board of Investment
(Mauritius)
10 50 - 11 05 Presentation of SABiomat Society
11 05 - 11 30 Medical devices manufacturing in Mauritius: Challenges, needs and opportunities
NATEC - Medical
11 30 - 11 45 Driving biologics innovation - Peaccel
11 45 - 13 00 Lunch
13 00 - 14 00 Discussion on training, research needs and options for the region
14 00 - 15 00 Summary of discussion, future planning and way forward
15 00 - 15 15 Tea/Coffee break
15 15 - 15 45 Closure
15.45 - 17 00 Visit of NATEC-Medical Company
21
Appendix B: Abstracts
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Appendix C: Speakers
Gary Bowlin
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, VA, USA
Jason Burdick
Department of Bioengineering
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
Sharon Gerecht
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering
The Institute for NanoBioTechnology
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, USA
Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and
Biochips (C3B)
Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering
Advanced Materials Center,
Clemson University,
Anderson,South Carolina, USA
51
Dhanjay Jhurry
David L. Kaplan
Polymer Group
Dept. of Chemistry University of Mauritius
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Tufts University
Medford, MA, USA
Réduit, Mauritius
Ali Khademhosseini
Catherine Kuo
Center for Biomedical Engineering,
Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School,
Cambridge, MA, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Tufts University
Medford, MA, USA
52
Kam Leong
Sebastien Lecommandoux
University of Bordeaux,
UMR5629, ENSCPB,
33607 Pessac-Cedex, France.
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Duke University
Durham, NC, USA
Hulda S. Swai
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research,
Materials Science & Manufacturing, Polymers
& Composites,
Pretoria, South Africa
Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue
Engineering
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA
53
Davidson Day Ateh
Deon Bezuidenhout
Queen Mary University of London, Barts and
The London School of Medicine and Dentistry/
BioMoti Ltd, London, UK
Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of
Cape Town,
Cape Town, South Africa
Bert Klumpermann
Archana Bhaw-Luximon
Dept.of Chemistry and Polymer Science,
University of Stellenbosch,
South Africa
Dept. of Chemistry,
University of Mauritius,
Reduit, Mauritius
54
Ravin Narain
Ugo Ripamonti
Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
Bone Research Laboratory
MRC/University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
55
Appendix D: Attendees
SN
NAME OF PARTICIPANT
AFFILIATION
EMAIL ADDRESS
US PARTICIPANTS (NSF Sponsored)
1
BOWLIN Gary
Virginia Commonwealth
University
2
BROWN Michael
Tufts University
3
BURDICK Jason
University of Pennsylvania
4
GERECHT Sharon
John Hopkins University
5
GUISEPPI-ELIE Anthony
Clemson University
AGUISEP@clemson.edu
6
KAPLAN David L
Tufts University
David.Kaplan@tufts.edu
7
KHADEMHOSSEINI Ali
Harvard University
8
KUO Catherine
Tufts University
CatherineK.Kuo@tufts.edu
9
LEONG Kam
Duke University
kam.leong@duke.edu
10
VUNJAK-NOVAKOVIC
Gordana
Columbia University
gv2131@columbia.edu
glbowlin@vcu.edu
burdick2@seas.upenn.edu
gerecht@jhu.edu
khademh@gmail.com
OTHER FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS
Queen Mary University of
11
ATEH Davidson Day
12
BEZUIDENHOUT Deon
13
DARKWA James
14
GERTENBACH Jan
15
KLUMPERMAN Bert
16
LECOMMANDOUX Sebastien
17
18
London/BioMoti Limited
University of Cape Town
d.d.ateh@qmul.ac.uk
Deon.Bezuidenhout@uct.ac.za
University of Johannesburg,
South Africa
jdarkwa@gmail.com
Stellenbosch University,
South Africa
jag@sun.ac.za
Stellenbosch University,
South Africa
bklump@sun.ac.za
University of Bordeaux,
LCPO-ENSCBP
Uganda Industrial Research
LUTAAYA Anthony
lecommandoux@enscbp.fr
anthonylutaaya@yahoo.com
Institute
Stellenbosch University,
MAPOLIE Selwyn
South Africa
smapolie@sun.ac.za
56
University of Alberta, Dept
19
of Chemical and Materials
NARAIN Ravin
narain@ualberta.ca
Engineering
Director, Bone Research
20
Unit, MRC/University of
RIPAMONTI Ugo
ugo.ripamonti@gmail.com
Witwatersrand
Stellenbosch University,
21
STANDER Marietjie
22
SWAI Hulda
CSIR, South Africa
23
VAN WYK Juanita
University of Johannesburg
lcms@sun.ac.za
South Africa
HSwai@csir.co.za
juanita.za@gmail.com
ACADEMIC STAFF – UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS
24
BAHORUN Theeshan
Biosciences Department
tbahorun@uom.ac.mu
25
BHAW-LUXIMON Archana
Chemistry Department
a.luximon@uom.ac.mu
26
BOODHOO Kishore
Chemistry Department
kishore.boodhoo@uom.ac.mu
27
CAUMUL Prakashanand
Chemistry Department
p.caumul@uom.ac.mu
28
GOORAH Smita
Medicine Department
sm.goorah@uom.ac.mu
29
JHURRY Dhanjay
Chemistry Department
djhurry@uom.ac.mu
30
KISTAMAH Naraindra
31
PUGO-GUNSAM Prity
32
RAMCHURN Satish
33
ROSUNEE Satyadev
Textile Technology
Department
dharma@uom.ac.mu
Health Sciences
Department
Physics Department
gunsamp@uom.ac.mu
skr@uom.ac.mu
Textile Technology
Department
s.rosunee@uom.ac.mu
STUDENTS – UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS
34
BAURECK Muhammad
Chemistry Department
nadeembaureck@hotmail.com
Nadeem
35
BONARIEN Bruce Garrick
Chemistry Department
bruce.bonarien@umail.uom.ac.mu
Guilbert
36
BUDHAI Devina
Chemistry Department
37
DANDOOL Rukayyah
Chemistry Department
Zuleikah
d_bhavnah@yahoo.com
rukaydandool@yahoo.com
57
38
DHALLAPAH Hansa Devi
Chemistry Department
hansa_11@live.com
39
GANGA-SAH Yumeela
Chemistry Department
yumeela@hotmail.com
40
GOONOO Nowsheen
Chemistry Department
nowsheen.goonoo@umail.uom.ac.mu
41
HULKORY Purush Utam
Chemistry Department
ipurushutam@gmail.com
42
JEETAH Roobeena Devi
Chemistry Department
roubeenaj@gmail.com
43
JUGDAWA Yeshma
Chemistry Department
yjugdawa@gmail.com
44
LOCHEE Yemanlall
Chemistry Department
ylochee@gmail.com
45
MEERAM Musharat
Chemistry Department
musharat.meeram@umail.uom.ac.mu
46
NANON Louis Christian
Chemistry Department
s_lcn@ymail.com
47
NEETOO Bibi Hafsah
Chemistry Department
Buthaina
48
NUNNOO Mohammad
Chemistry Department
Sameer
49
VEEREN Anisha
Chemistry Department
bneetoo92@hotmail.com
mohammad.nunnoo@umail.uom.ac.mu
anishaveeren@gmail.com
LOCAL PARTICIPANTS
50
ALJANABI Salah
Apollo Bramwell Hospital
Ministry of Education,
51
ALLGOO Sangeeta
saljanabi@apollobramwell.com
kallgoo@yahoo.com
Culture & Human
Resources
Student (University of
52
APPAVOO Divambal
53
BARENTIN Marielle
54
NATEC Medical Ltd
mbarentin@natec-medical.com
Mauritius Oceanography
BEEDESSEE Girish
Institute
Ministry of Education,
55
yovanana0186@yahoo.com
Johannesburg)
BISSESSUR Sooshma Kaur
gbeedessee@moi.intnet.mu
sooshmak@live.com
Culture & Human
Resources
CARRIM DELBAR Shamima
Abdul
Ministry of Industry,
59
CARTA Bruno
-
60
CURPEN Sarvanen
58
scarrim@mail.gov.mu
Science & Research
bcarta2@hotmail.com
Mauritius Oceanography
Institute
Sarvanen15@gmail.com
58
61
Mauritius Sugar Industry
DOOKUN-SAUMTALLY Asha
Research Institute
adookun@msiri.intnet.mu
Ministry of Education,
62
ELLIAH Trivita
Culture & Human
trivita21@yahoo.com
Resources
Ministry of Industry,
63
GHOSE Robindro
64
GOPAL Kreshna
65
GOPAUL Nitin
66
GOTTOLI Guglielmo
67
LANCELEUR Francine
68
Science & Research
rghose@mail.gov.mu
Board of Investment
(Mauritius)
kreshna@investmauritius.com
Mauritius Research
Council
mrc@intnet.mu
Mauritius Research
Council
NATEC Medical Ltd
gottoli@gmail.com
flanceleur@natec-medical.com
McMaster University,
LOLLMAHOMED Farahnaz
Begum
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
issoop181152_l@hotmail.com
(Chemistry Dpt)
69
Mauritius Research
MADHOU Madhvee
Council
Mauritius Oceanography
70
MARIE Daniel
71
MANNA Kalyanee
72
MANRAJ Shyam Shunker
Institute
Ministry of Industry,
Ministry of Health &
MAUDARBACCUS Nawaz
depmarie@moi.intnet.mu
kmanna@mail.gov.mu
Science & Research
smanraj@mail.gov.mu
Quality of Life
Ministry of Education,
73
mrc@intnet.mu
n.maudarbaccus86@gmail.com
Culture & Human
Resources
Ministry of Education,
75
MOONEEA Sanjay
sanjaymooneea@yahoo.com
Culture & Human
Resources
76
MOORGAWA Ashokabose
Tertiary Education
moorgawaa@intnet.mu
59
Commission
77
Tertiary Education
MOTALA-TIMOL Shaheen
Commission
Ministry of Education,
78
MULLEEGADOO Sivananda
smotalatimol@gmail.com
smulleegadoo@hotmail.com
Culture & Human
Resources
79
80
MURAD Fatima
NEEWOOR Anand Priyay
Apollo Bramwell Hospital
fmurad@apollobramwell.com
Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
aneewoor@mail.gov.mu
Regional Integration &
International Trade
Mauritius Oceanography
81
RAMANJOOLOO Avin
82
RAMSURRUN Hemraj
83
RUMJEET Shilpa
84
SUDDHOO Arjoon
Rajiv Gandhi Science
h_ramsurrun@yahoo.co.uk
Cape Town)
Mauritius Research
mrc@intnet.mu
Council
Ministry of Education,
SUNGEELEE Sivananden
aramanjooloo@moi.intnet.mu
Centre
Student (University of
85
nitin@investmauritius.com
Institute
dansiva@intnet.mu
Culture & Human
Resources
86
87
SURNAM-BOODHUN
Rashmee
Mauritius Oceanography
Institute
Ministry of Education,
SUTEERAM-BEEHARRY
PANRAY Kiran Devi
rboodhun@moi.intnet.mu
rajeevbp@intnet.mu
Culture & Human
Resources
88
TEELUCK Karishma
Pharmacie Nouvelle
kteeluck@pnouvelle.intnet.mu
89
VALORGE Alain
NATEC Medical Ltd
avalorge@natec-medical.com
90
YEUNG WON SIN Thierry
NATEC Medical Ltd
tywonsin@natec-medical.com
60
Appendix E: Proposed Graduate Course in Biomaterials
CHEM 6088: BIOMATERIALS
UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS
Faculty of Science – Department of Chemistry
MODULE OUTLINE
Part 1: Basics in Biomaterials (45 hours)
The first section of this module will study the material properties of various metallic, ceramics, and
polymer components used within and in contact with the human body. Stress and strain
relationships for these biomaterials will be studied based upon standard mechanical engineering
fundamentals. In addition, the peculiar aspects of biological and physiological materials will be
studied with respect to their differences from non-living materials. The material properties of
biological and physiological components will also be studied based upon standard material science
protocol. The particular application of each of these materials within a living system will be studied
as well as the role of these applications in the manufacturing processes for these materials.
Part 2: Application of Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine (15 hours)
The second section of this module will study the system strategies for the design, synthesis,
characterization and functional properties of biomaterials for tissue engineering/regenerative
medicine. Fundamental issues related to the utility of biomaterials including biocompatibility,
stability, interfaces, and fate in the body will be addressed. This module will also include the clinical
applications for biomaterials and new directions in design and synthesis to enhance biocompatibility
and direct stem cell fate. This module will also address testing methods, regulatory and ethical
issues, and emerging research directions.
Part 3: Drug Delivery Concepts and System Design (15 hours)
The third section of this module will include an introduction to biopharmaceutics as well as drug
delivery system design (biomaterials) with attention to the pharmodynamics, and
pharmokinetics. This module will discuss classical drug delivery systems (i.e. transdermal
delivery systems) and novel drug delivery systems (i.e. dendrimer delivery systems) currently
under development. The majority of the examples will focused on the treatment of cancer.
Part 4: Application of Biomaterials – Biosensors (15 hours)
61
The fourth section of this module will introduce the concept of biosensors from the standpoint of
biochemical interactions that are used to detect and/or quantify biological molecules as well as the
basic systems used for detection.
Module Goals:
• Understand the fundamentals of biomaterials structure-function relationships pertaining to
material functions and to cell and tissue environments
• Understand biomaterial, cell and bioreactor challenges in tissue engineering – from both
engineering and biological constraints
• Understand the fundamentals of drug delivery systems from a polymer science, engineering and
biological constraints
• Understand the biological and engineering constraints for the design and application of
biosensors
Pre-requisites:
At least one course in biology or physiology, chemistry or consent of instructor
Course Director: Dr. Dhanjay Jhurry
Phone: +230 4037507
Email: djhurry@uom.ac.mu
Office:
Office Hours:
Meeting Time: Lecture Tuesday & Thursday
Place:
8:00 – 9:15 a.m.
TBD
Course References: Ratner, BD, et al., Eds. Biomaterials Science. An Introduction to Materials
in Medicine. 2nd edition, Elsevier-Academic Press, 2004.
Course handouts including a variety of published scientific manuscripts
Course Evaluation:
Final course grades will be determined as follows:
Quizzes (3)
Research Paper
Exam (1)
45%
20%
35%
TOTAL
100%
62
Module Lectures
Biomaterials Module Part 1: Basics in Biomaterials
Week 1: Introduction to Biomaterials
Instructor: David Kaplan, Tufts University
Week 2: Introduction to Proteins, Cells, and Tissues
Instructor: Sharon Gerecht, Johns Hopkins University
Week 3: Bulk and Surface Properties of Materials
Instructor: Ali Khademhosseini, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Week 4: Polymers – Synthesis
Instructor: Dhanjay Jhurry, University of Mauritius
Week 5: Bioresorbable Polymers
Instructor: Dhanjay Jhurry, University of Mauritius
Week 6: Structure and Dynamics of Polymers in Solution
Instructor: Sebastien Lecommandoux, University of Bordeaux
Week 7: Block Copolymer Self-assemblies in Solution
Instructor: Sebastien Lecommandoux, University of Bordeaux
Week 8: Hydrogels
Instructor: Jason Burdick, University of Pennsylvania
Week 9: Biomedical Fibers and Textiles
Instructor: Gary Bowlin, Virginia Commonwealth University
Week 10: Host Response – Inflammation and Wound Healing
Instructor: Jason Burdick, University of Pennsylvania
Week 11: Host Response – Coagulation and Blood-Material Interface
Instructor: Deon Bezuidenhout, University of Cape Town
Week 12: Host Response – Infection and Complement System
Instructor: Gary Bowlin, Virginia Commonwealth University
Week 13Biomaterials Testing – In Vitro and in Vivo
Instructor: Gary Bowlin, Virginia Commonwealth University
Week 14: Cardiovascular Applications – Vascular Prosthetics, Heart valves
Instructor: Deon Bezuidenhout, University of Cape Town
63
Week 15: Orthopedic Applications – Fracture Plates/Screws, Artificial Ligaments and Joints
Instructor: Catherine Kuo, Tufts University
Biomaterials Module Part 2: Application of Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine
Week 16: Principles of Tissue Engineering
Instructor: David Kaplan, Tufts University
Week 17: Polymeric Scaffold Fabrication
Instructor: David Kaplan, Tufts University
Week 18: Stem Cells and Cell Sourcing
Instructor: Sharon Gerecht, Johns Hopkins University
Week 19: Bioreactors (Tissue Culture and Preconditioning)
Instructor: Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Columbia University
Week 20: Tissue Engineering Applications – Blood Vessels and Bone
Instructor: Gary Bowlin, Virginia Commonwealth University
Biomaterials Module Part 3: Drug Delivery Concepts and System Design
Week 21: Introduction and Fundamentals of Drug Delivery
Instructor: Dhanjay Jhurry, University of Mauritius
Week 22: Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
Instructor: Dhanjay Jhurry, University of Mauritius
Week 23: Classical Drug Delivery Systems
Instructor: Sebastien Lecommandoux, University of Bordeaux
Week 24: Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Instructor: Kam Leong, Duke University
Week 25Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
Instructor: Dhanjay Jhurry, University of Mauritius
Biomaterials Module Part 3: Biosensors
Week 26: Introduction, Fundamentals and Application of Biosensors
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Instructor: Ali Khademhosseini, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Week 27: Biochemical Recognition
Instructor: Anthony Guiseppi-Elie, Clemson University
Week 28: Bioimmobilization and Bioconjugation
Instructor: Anthony Guiseppi-Elie, Clemson University
Week 29: Basic Signal Transduction
Instructor: Anthony Guiseppi-Elie, Clemson University
Week 30: Biomedical Assay Systems
Instructor: Anthony Guiseppi-Elie, Clemson University
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Appendix F: Sponsors
National Science Foundation
Local Sponsors:
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