DFAC PRESCRIPTIVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION SETS
Alexander Zhivov, Ph.D., Dale Herron and Richard Liesen, Ph.D.
USACE Engineer Research and Development Center
Michael Deru, Ph.D.
National Renewable Energy Lab
List of Tables
Tables
1
DFAC Climate Zone 1A Prescriptive Solution Table......................................................................................... 2
2
DFAC Climate Zone 2A and 2B Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................... 3
3
DFAC Climate Zone 3A and 3B Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................... 4
4
DFAC Climate Zone 3C Prescriptive Solution Table......................................................................................... 5
5
DFAC Climate Zone 4A, 4B, and 4C Prescriptive Solution Table ................................................................... 6
6
DFAC Climate Zone 5A and 5B Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................... 7
7
DFAC Climate Zone 6A and 6B Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................... 8
8
DFAC Climate Zone 7A Prescriptive Solution Table......................................................................................... 9
9
DFAC Climate Zone 8A Prescriptive Solution Table....................................................................................... 10
10
Characteristics of reflective roofing materials............................................................................................... 12
11
Lighting Power Density...................................................................................................................................... 13
12
Baseline-Ventilation Requirements ................................................................................................................. 13
13
Energy-Efficient Ventilation Requirements..................................................................................................... 13
The use of a climate specific Prescriptive Technology Solution Set listed in Tables 1 to 9 for DFAC
facilities will result in an annual energy consumption less than or equal to the target energy budget
figure shown in Attachment 2 for this facility type and climate zone, will meet life cycle cost
effectiveness requirements, and will not require any calculations to demonstrate compliance with the
EPACT 2005 30% better requirement utilizing the methodology described in ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix
G. The actual energy consumption budget for each prescriptive solution/climate zone is shown in
Attachment 2. Climate zone identification information for Army locations is also shown in Attachment 2.
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 1. DFAC Climate Zone 1A Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-15
R-15ci
U-0.0634
Attic and Other
R-19
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-6.5ci
U-0.1242
R-13
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
Unheated
Service Water
Heating
R-13
NR (4)
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
Economizer
Ventilation
R-6.3ci.
0.1067
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13
F-1.020
R-7.5 for 12 in
U-0.70
U-0.70
Uninsulated
U-1.45
U-1.45
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-1.22
0.25
< 20%
U-1.22
0.25
None
≤4%
U-1.90
0.27
NR
≤4%
U-1.36
0.19
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
NR
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
NR
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
2
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 2. DFAC Climate Zone 2A and 2B Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-15
R-15ci
U-0.0634
Attic and Other
R-19
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-6.5ci
U-0.1242
R-13
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
Unheated
Service Water
Heating
R-13
NR (4)
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
Economizer
Ventilation
R-6.3ci.
0.1067
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13
F-1.020
R-7.5 for 12 in
U-0.70
U-0.70
Uninsulated
U-1.45
U-1.45
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-1.22
0.25
< 20%
U-1.22
0.25
None
≤4%
U-1.90
0.34
NR
≤4%
U-1.36
0.19
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
NR
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
NR
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
3
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 3. DFAC Climate Zone 3A and 3B Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-15
R-20ci
U-0.0481
Attic and Other
R-30
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-10
U-0.0847
R-13
R-13 + R-3.8ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
Unheated
R-13
NR (4)
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Economizer
Ventilation
R-10.4ci.
0.0739
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
F-0.86
R-15 for 24 in
U-0.70
U-0.70
Uninsulated
U-1.45
U-1.45
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-0.57
0.37
< 20%
U-0.57
0.37
None
≤4%
U-1.30
0.34
NR
≤4%
U-0.69
0.19
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
No - 3A;
Yes - 3B
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
No - 3A;
Yes - 3B
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
4
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 4. DFAC Climate Zone 3C Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-15
R-20ci
U-0.0481
Attic and Other
R-30
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-10
U-0.0847
R-13
R-13 + R-3.8ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
Unheated
Service Water
Heating
R-13
NR (4)
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
Economizer
Ventilation
R-10.4ci.
0.0739
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13
F-0.86
R-15 for 24 in
U-0.70
U-0.70
Uninsulated
U-1.45
U-1.45
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-1.22
0.39
< 20%
U-1.22
0.39
None
≤4%
U-1.90
0.39
NR
≤4%
U-0.69
0.19
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
Yes – 3C
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
Yes – 3C
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
5
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 5. DFAC Climate Zone 4A, 4B, and 4C Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-15
R-20ci
U-0.0481
Attic and Other
R-30
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
Unheated
R-13
F-0.520
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Economizer
Ventilation
R-10.4ci.
0.0739
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13 + R-3.8ci
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
R-15.0 for 24 in.
F-0.843
R-20.0 for 24 in.
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-0.57
0.39
< 20%
U-0.42
0.39
None
≤4%
U-1.30
0.34
NR
≤4%
U-0.69
0.34
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
No - 4A;
Yes - 4B & 4C
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
No - 4A;
Yes - 4B & 4C
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
6
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 6. DFAC Climate Zone 5A and 5B Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-15
R-20ci
U-0.0481
Attic and Other
R-30
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
R-19
Wood Framed and Other
Unheated
R-19
F-0.520
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Economizer
Ventilation
R-16.7ci.
0.0521
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13 + R-3.8ci
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
R-15.0 for 24 in.
F-0.688
R-20.0 for 48 in.
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-0.57
0.39
< 20%
U-0.42
0.39
None
≤4%
U-1.10
0.62
NR
≤4%
U-0.69
0.39
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
No - 5A;
Yes - 5B
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
No - 5A;
Yes - 5B
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
7
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 7. DFAC Climate Zone 6A and 6B Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-15
R-25ci
U-0.0388
Attic and Other
R-38
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
R-30
Wood Framed and Other
Unheated
R-30
F-0.510
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Economizer
Ventilation
R-25.1ci.
0.0377
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13 + R-3.8ci
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
R-20.0 for 24 in.
F-0.688
R-20.0 for 48 in.
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-0.57
0.39
< 20%
U-0.42
0.39
None
≤4%
U-0.87
0.58
NR
≤4%
U-0.69
0.49
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
No - 6A;
Yes - 6B
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
No - 6A;
Yes - 6B
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
8
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 8. DFAC Climate Zone 7A Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-15
R-25ci
U-0.0388
Attic and Other
R-38
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13 + R-7.5ci
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
Unheated
Service Water
Heating
R-30
F-0.510
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
R-30
Wood Framed and Other
Economizer
Ventilation
R-25.1ci.
0.0377
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-25.0 for 48 in.
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-0.57
0.49
< 20%
U-0.33
NR
None
≤4%
U-0.87
0.71
NR
≤4%
U-0.69
0.64
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
NR
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
NR
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
R-20.0 for 24 in.
F-0.671
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
9
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 9. DFAC Climate Zone 8A Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
R-20
R-25ci
U-0.0388
Attic and Other
R-38
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-11.4 + R-3.0ci
U-0.0391
R-13 + R-7.5ci
R-13 + 18.8ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Slab-on-Grade
Doors
Mass
Skylights
(Dining and
Servery)
Interior
Lighting
HVAC
Unheated
Service Water
Heating
R-30
F-0.434
NR (4)
Heated
Swinging
Non-Swinging
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
South Overhangs
Percent Roof Area
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
Occupancy Controls
Daylighting Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
< 135,000 Btu/h
< 240,000 Btu/h
< 760,000 Btu/h
Gas Furnace
Supply Air Fan Total Efficiency
All equipment
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Kitchen
Exhaust Fans
Ducts
R-30
Wood Framed and Other
Economizer
Ventilation
R-25.1ci.
0.0377
Steel Joist
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
R-13 + 19.5ci
R-25.0 for 48 in.
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
< 20%
U-0.46
NR
< 20%
U-0.33
NR
None
None
NR
NR
NR
None
NR
NR
2
See Lighting Power Table
See Lighting Power Table Below (6)
Manual On/Auto Off (all periodically occupied spaces)
Yes – Dining and Servery
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
None
10.1 EER
9.5 EER
9.3 EER
80% Et
0.2
NR
Motorized Control
NR
12.0 EER
12.0 EER
10.8 EER
90% Et
0.45
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
NR
Motorized Control
NR
See Table Below (7a)
See Table Below (7b)
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
R-20.0 for 48 in.
F-0.671
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-8 (8)
80% Et
94% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
10
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Notes:
1. Baseline requirements are from ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004.
2. U-values and R-values for assemblies and their definitions, requirements, and determinations can be found
in ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Normative Appendix A.
3. Light colored and cool roofs: reflect and emit the sun's heat back to the sky instead of transferring it to the
building below. "Coolness" is measured by two properties, solar reflectance and thermal emittance. Both
properties are measured from 0 to 1 and the higher the value, the "cooler" the roof. A high reflectance keeps
much of the sun’s energy from being absorbed, while a high thermal emittance radiates away any solar
energy that is absorbed, allowing the roof to cool more rapidly. Cool roofs are typically white and have a
smooth surface. Commercial roof products that qualify as cool roofs fall into three categories: single-ply,
liquid-applied, and metal panels. The solar reflectance and thermal emittance property values represent
initial conditions as determined by a laboratory accredited by the Cool Roof Rating Council.
Cool roofs are cost effective over air-conditioned spaces for buildings located in climate zones 1 - 5. In these
locations, a minimum of 75% of the entire roof surface not used for roof penetrations shall be covered with
roofing products that comply with one or more of the following:
 Have a minimum initial SRI of 78 for a low-sloped roof (a slope less than or equal to 2:12) and a
minimum initial SRI of 29 for a steep-sloped roof (a slope of more than 2:12).
 Comply with the criteria for the US EPA’s Energy Star Program Requirements for Roof Products –
Eligibility Criteria.
For industrial buildings with only heating and ventilation, cool roofs can improve the comfort conditions (and
hence productivity) in the space.
In order to be considered a cool roof, a solar reflectance of 0.67 when tested in accordance with ASTM
C1549, ASTM E903, or ASTM E1918 and, in addition, a minimum thermal emittance of 0.75 when tested in
accordance with ASTM C1371 or ASTM E408, or a minimum Solar Reflective Index of 78 when determined
in accordance with the Solar Reflectance Index method in ASTM E1980 where standard white is SRI = 100
and standard black has SRI = 0. An SRI can be determined by the following equations:
SRI = 123.97 – 141.35(x) + 9.655(x2)
where
x
20.797    0.603  
,
9.5205    12.0
Where  is the solar absorptance (= 1 – solar reflectance) and  is the thermal emissivity, which were derived
from ASTM E1980 assuming a medium wind speed and are listed in Table 10. Characteristics of reflective
roofing materials..
11
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 10. Characteristics of reflective roofing materials.
Roofing Type
Color
New Solar
Reflectance
Aged Solar
Reflectance
New Thermal
Emittance
SRI (ASTM E1980
Roof Coatings
White
0.70 – 0.85
0.50 –0.65
0.85
84 – 106
Roof Coatings
Grey or Tan
0.70
0.50
0.85
84
Roof Coatings
Terra Cotta or Brown
0.40
0.30
0.85
43
Roof Coatings
Aluminized
0.50
0.40
0.50
42
Metal Paint
Red
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Terra Cotta
0.35
0.35
0.83
36
Metal Paint
Bright Red
0.35
0.35
0.83
36
Metal Paint
Beige/Off White
0.55
0.55
0.83
63
Metal Paint
Tan
0.45
0.45
0.83
49
Metal Paint
Dark Blue
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Medium to Light Blue
0.32
0.32
0.83
32
Metal Paint
Dark Brown
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Medium to Light Brown
0.32
0.32
0.83
32
Metal Paint
Dark Green
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Medium to Light Green
0.32
0.32
0.83
32
Metal Paint
White
0.65
0.65
0.83
77
Metal Paint
Bright White
0.70
0.70
0.83
84
Metal Paint
Black
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Dark Grey
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Medium to Light Grey
0.35
0.35
0.83
36
Metal Paint
Pearlescent Colors
0.35
0.35
0.75
32
Galvalume
Unpainted
0.65
0.55
0.05
45
Copper Metal
Unpainted
0.85
0.18
0.03
89
Galvanized Steel
Unpainted
0.40
0.20
0.50
26
EPDM Membrane
Black
0.05
0.10
0.85
0
TPO Membrane
White
0.80
0.60
0.85
99
TPO Membrane
Grey
0.50
0.40
0.85
57
PVC Membrane
White
0.80
0.60
0.85
99
57
PVC Membrane
Grey
0.50
0.40
0.85
Asphalt Shingle
Dark Color
0.10
0.10
0.85
4
Asphalt Shingle
Light Color
0.25
0.25
0.85
23
Modified Bitumen Cap Sheet
Dark Color
0.10
0.10
0.85
4
Modified Bitumen Cap Sheet
Light Color
0.25
0.25
0.85
23
Modified Bitumen Cap Sheet
White
0.50-0.60
0.40 – 0.45
0.85
57 - 71
4. NR means there is no requirement or recommendation for a component in this climate zone.
5. Increased building air tightness. Building air leakage (measured in cfm/ft2) is the average volume of
air(measured in cubic feet per minute) that passes through a unit area of the building envelope (measured in
square feet) when the building is maintained at a specified internal pressure (measured in Pascals).
ASHRAE has proposed a building air tightness requirement of 0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa as an addendum to
Standard 90.1-2004. ASHRAE has also proposed an approach to complying with the new requirement with a
pressurization test to show that the building leakage does not exceed 0.4 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa. This air tightness
requirement provides a number that can be used for the energy simulations and was assumed to be the
baseline leakage rate. The air tightness requirement adopted by the U.S. Army for new construction is more
stringent than the one proposed by ASHRAE and requires that the leakage rate must not exceed 0.25 cfm/ft2
at 75 Pa, and was assumed for the energy efficient building models. To convert the values used for building
leakage tests at the pressure difference of 75Pa to the values which can be used to calculate required
excessive outdoor air supply rates, the following equation can be used ΔQ = Q75 * (5/75)0.65 = 0.172 * Q75.
The excessive airflow rate for the building complying with the new ASHRAE 90.1 Standard air leakage
12
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
requirement is 0.069 cfm/ft2. Respective number for the building built to the Army model RFP requirement is
0.043cfm/ft2.
6. Lighting Power Density. Table 11 lists values for lighting power density.
Table 11. Lighting Power Density.
Baseline
Zone
W/ft
2
Efficient Model
W
W/ft
2
90.1-2004 Space Type
W
Dining
0.9
7,183
0.8
6,383
Storage/Receiving
0.8
2,098
0.8
2,098
Dining area
Active Storage
Dishwash
1.2
1,344
1.0
1,120
Food Preparation
Kitchen
1.2
3,315
1.1
3,039
Food Preparation
Servery
1.2
5,131
1.0
4,276
Food Preparation
Entry/Circulation
1.3
4,277
1.0
3,290
Lobby
Carryout
1.2
1,253
1.0
1,044
Food Preparation
Office
1.1
1,588
0.9
1,300
Office
Utility
1.5
1,580
1.0
1,053
Elec/Mech
Total
27,759
23,596
7. Ventilation Requirements. Tables 12 and 13, respectively, list baseline and energy-efficient ventilation
requirements.
Table 12. Baseline-Ventilation Requirements.
Zone
Infiltration
(cfm)
62.1-2004
Ventilation
(cfm)
Transfer Air
(cfm)
- 4,496
Maximum Outside
Air
(cfm)
Dining
768
Storage/Receiving
248
315
77
784
Kitchen
190
1,934
Servery
294
1,145
Entry/Circulation
294
372
Carryout
131
93
Office
157
117
117
Utility
132
63
63
Dishwash
5,187
Exhaust Hood
(cfm)
5,187
315
+ 4,496
750
750
13,250
13,250
17,075
12,900*
2,100
2,100
372
Table 13. Energy-Efficient Ventilation Requirements.
Zone
Infiltration
(cfm)
62.1-2004
Ventilation
(cfm)
Transfer Air
(cfm)
- 4,496
Maximum Outside
Air
(cfm)
Dining
768
Storage/Receiving
248
315
77
784
Kitchen
190
1,934
Servery
294
1,145
Entry/Circulation
294
372
Carryout
131
93
Office
157
117
117
Utility
132
63
63
Dishwash
5,187
Exhaust Hood
(cfm)
5,187
315
+ 4,496
750
750
13,250
13,250
17,075
12,900*
2,100
2,100
372
8. Duct and pipe insulation, values are from the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Offices.
13