PRESCRIPTIVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION SETS
Alexander Zhivov, Ph.D., Dale Herron and Richard Liesen, Ph.D.
USACE Engineer Research and Development Center
Michael Deru, Ph.D.
National Renewable Energy Lab
List of Figure and Tables
Figure
1
Tables
Page
DOAS Schematic ................................................................................................................................................ 15
Page
1
UEPH Climate Zone 1A Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................................ 2
2
UEPH Climate Zone 2A Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................................ 3
3
UEPH Climate Zone 2B Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................................ 4
4
UEPH Climate Zone 3A Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................................ 5
5
UEPH Climate Zone 3B and 3C Prescriptive Solution Table........................................................................... 6
6
UEPH Climate Zone 4A Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................................ 7
7
UEPH Climate Zone 4B and 4C Prescriptive Solution Table........................................................................... 8
8
UEPH Climate Zone 5A and 5B Prescriptive Solution Table ........................................................................... 9
9
UEPH Climate Zone 6A and 6B Prescriptive Solution Table ......................................................................... 10
10
UEPH Climate Zone 7A Prescriptive Solution Table ...................................................................................... 11
11
UEPH Climate Zone 8A Prescriptive Solution Table ...................................................................................... 12
12
Characteristics of reflective roofing materials............................................................................................... 14
The use of a climate specific Prescriptive Technology Solution Set (listed in Tables 1 to 11) for UEPH
facilities will result in an annual energy consumption less than or equal to the target energy budget
figure shown in Attachment 2 (“Design Guides for Military Buildings to Meet Epact 2005 Energy
Reduction Requirements”) for this facility type and climate zone, will meet life cycle cost effectiveness
requirements, and will not require any calculations to demonstrate compliance with the EPACT 2005
30% better requirement utilizing the methodology described in ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G. The actual
energy consumption budget for each prescriptive solution/climate zone is shown in Attachment 2.
Climate zone identification information for Army locations is also shown in Attachment 2.
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 1. UEPH Climate Zone 1A Prescriptive Solution Table
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-25ci
U-0.0388
R-30
R-38
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-6.3ci.
0.1067
Steel Joist
R-13
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-1.45
U-1.45
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
NR (4)
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Uninsulated
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-1.22
0.25
10% - 20%
U-0.45
0.25
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
DOAS (6) with air-to-air heat recovery exchanger with in series dual DX
coils (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on central boiler
SAT control 45ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
None
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Service Water
Heating
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
80% Et
Drain Water Heat Recovery (9)
None
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
2
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 2. UEPH Climate Zone 2A Prescriptive Solution Table
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-25ci
U-0.0388
R-30
R-38
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-10.4ci.
0.0739
Steel Joist
R-13
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-1.45
U-1.45
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
NR (4)
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Uninsulated
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-1.22
0.25
10% - 20%
U-0.45
0.25
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
DOAS (6) with air-to-air heat recovery exchanger with in series dual DX
coils (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on central boiler
SAT control 45ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
None
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Service Water
Heating
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
80% Et
Drain Water Heat Recovery (9)
None
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
3
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 3. UEPH Climate Zone 2B Prescriptive Solution Table
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-25ci
U-0.0388
R-30
R-38
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-10.4ci.
0.0739
Steel Joist
R-13
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-1.45
U-1.45
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
NR (4)
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Uninsulated
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-1.22
0.25
10% - 20%
U-0.45
0.25
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
DOAS (6) with a 14.0 SEER DX coil (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on
central boiler
SAT control 55ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
70% - 75% sensible and 70% - 75% latent effectiveness
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Service Water
Heating
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
80% Et
Drain Water Heat Recovery (9)
None
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
4
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 4. UEPH Climate Zone 3A Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-25ci
U-0.0388
R-30
R-38
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-10.4ci.
0.0739
Steel Joist
R-13
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-1.45
U-1.45
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
NR (4)
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
Uninsulated
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-0.57
0.37
10% - 20%
U-0.45
0.31
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
DOAS (6) with air-to-air heat recovery exchanger with in series dual DX
coils (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on central boiler
SAT control 45ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
None
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Service Water
Heating
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
Showers only; 30% efficiency (9)
5
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 5. UEPH Climate Zone 3B and 3C Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-25ci
U-0.0325
R-30
R-38
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-10.4ci.
0.0739
Steel Joist
R-13
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.70
U-1.45
U-1.45
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
NR (4)
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
Uninsulated
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-0.57
0.37
10% - 20%
U-0.45
0.31
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
DOAS (6) with a 14.0 SEER DX coil (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on
central boiler
SAT control 55ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
70% - 75% sensible and 70% - 75% latent effectiveness
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
Uninsulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Service Water
Heating
R-13
Wood Framed and Other
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
Showers only; 30% efficiency (9)
6
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 6. UEPH Climate Zone 4A Prescriptive Solution Table
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-30ci
U-0.0325
R-30
R-49
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-13
U-0.0676
R-13
R-13 + R-7.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
R-13 + R-3.8ci
Mass
Floors Over
Unconditioned Steel Joist
Space
Wood Framed and Other
R-4.2 c.i.
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
F-0.520
R-15.0 for 24 in.
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
R-16.7ci.
0.0521
R-19
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-0.57
0.39
10% - 20%
U-0.45
0.31
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
DOAS (6) with air-to-air heat recovery exchanger with in series dual DX
coils (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on central boiler
SAT control 45ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
None
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
R-19
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
Showers only; 30% efficiency (9)
7
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 7. UEPH Climate Zone 4B and 4C Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-30ci
U-0.0325
R-30
R-49
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-19.5
U-0.0512
R-13
R-13 + R-12.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-7.5ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-16.7ci.
0.0521
Steel Joist
R-19
Wood Framed and Other
R-19
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
F-0.520
R-15.0 for 24 in.
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-0.57
0.39
10% - 20%
U-0.42
0.39
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
DOAS (6) with a 14.0 SEER DX coil (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on
central boiler
SAT control 55ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
70% - 75% sensible and 70% - 75% latent effectiveness
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
Showers only; 30% efficiency (9)
8
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 8. UEPH Climate Zone 5A and 5B Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-30ci
U-0.0325
R-30
R-49
Cool Roof for Low Slope & Light color all others
Solar Reflectance (3)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-19.5
U-0.0512
R-13
R-13 + R-12.5ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-7.5ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-16.7ci.
0.0521
Steel Joist
R-19
Wood Framed and Other
R-19
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
F-0.520
R-15.0 for 24 in.
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-0.57
0.39
10% - 20%
U-0.42
0.39
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
DOAS (6) with a 14.0 SEER DX coil (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on
central boiler
SAT control 55ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
70% - 75% sensible and 70% - 75% latent effectiveness
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
Showers only; 30% efficiency (9)
9
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 9. UEPH Climate Zone 6A and 6B Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-40ci
U-0.0245
R-30
R-60
Solar Reflectance (3)
NR (4)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-19 + R-3ci
U-0.0373
R-13
R-13 + R-18.8ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-15.6ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-25.1ci.
0.0377
Steel Joist
R-30
Wood Framed and Other
R-30
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
F-0.510
R-20.0 for 24 in.
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-0.57
0.39
10% - 20%
U-0.42
0.39
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
DOAS (6) with a 14.0 SEER DX coil (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on
central boiler
SAT control 55ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
70% - 75% sensible and 70% - 75% latent effectiveness
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
Showers only; 30% efficiency (9)
10
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 10. UEPH Climate Zone 7A Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-40ci
U-0.0245
R-30
R-60
Solar Reflectance (3)
NR (4)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-19 + R-3ci
U-0.0373
R-13
R-13 + R-18.8ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-15.6ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-25.1ci.
0.0377
Steel Joist
R-30
Wood Framed and Other
R-30
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
F-0.510
R-20.0 for 24 in.
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-0.57
0.49
10% - 20%
U-0.33
NR
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
DOAS (6) with a 14.0 SEER DX coil (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on
central boiler
SAT control 55ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
70% - 75% sensible and 70% - 75% latent effectiveness
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
Showers only; 30% efficiency (9)
11
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 11. UEPH Climate Zone 8A Prescriptive Solution Table.
Item
Component
Baseline (1)
Recommendation
Min R-Value (2)
Assembly Max (2)
Roof
Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Attic and Other
R-40ci
U-0.0245
R-30
R-60
Solar Reflectance (3)
NR (4)
Mass
Walls
Steel Framed
R-19 + R-3ci
U-0.0373
R-13
R-13 + R-18.8ci
Wood Framed and Other
Floors Over
Unconditioned
Space
Mass
R-13 + R-15.6ci
R-4.2 c.i.
R-25.1ci.
0.0377
Steel Joist
R-30
Wood Framed and Other
R-30
Slab-on-Grade Unheated
NR (4)
F-0.434
R-20.0 for 48 in.
Swinging
U-0.70
U-0.50
Insulated
U-1.45
U-0.50
Doors
Non-Swinging
Infiltration
Vertical
Glazing
Interior
Lighting
Window to Wall Ratio (WWR)
Thermal transmittance
Solar heat gain coefficient
(SHGC)
Lighting Power Density (LPD)
0.25 cfm/ft @ 75 Pa (5)
10% - 20%
U-0.46
NR
10% - 20%
U-0.33
NR
1.1 W/ft2
Whole Building
2
PTAC 12.0 SEER (3.05
COP)
Economizer
Ventilation
Outdoor Air Damper
Demand Control
Laundry Room
Ducts
Friction rate
Sealing
Location
Insulation level
Service Water
Heating
Gas hot water storage
Pipe Insulation(d < 1.5in. / d ≥
1.5 in.)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
Electronic
4-Pipe Fan Coil with central chiller and boiler
plus
DOAS (6) with a 14.0 SEER DX coil (3.52 COP) and HHW coil on
central boiler
SAT control 55ºF-62ºF with OAT 75ºF-54ºF
None
70% - 75% sensible and 70% - 75% latent effectiveness
Variable Speed pumps, fans, etc.
None
Motorized Control
NR
HVAC
Gas Furnace
ERV
All equipment
≤ 0.9 W/ft2
Rooms
0.9 W/ft2
Corridors
0.5 W/ft2
Stairs
0.6 W/ft2
Rooms
Manual On/Auto Off
Compact Fluorescent (CFL) with electronic ballast
Occupancy Controls
Plug Load Lighting
All Ballasts
Air Conditioner
Insulated
0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa
80% Et
None
None
Motorized Control
NR
Decoupled (7)
0.08 in. w.c./100 feet
Seal class B
Interior only
R-6 (8)
80% Et
90% Et
1 in. / 1.5 in. (8)
None
Showers only; 30% efficiency (9)
12
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Notes:
1. Baseline requirements are from ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004.
2. U-values and R-values for assemblies and their definitions, requirements, and determinations can be
found in ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Normative Appendix A.
3. Light colored and cool roofs: reflect and emit the sun's heat back to the sky instead of transferring it to
the building below. "Coolness" is measured by two properties, solar reflectance and thermal emittance.
Both properties are measured from 0 to 1 and the higher the value, the "cooler" the roof. A high
reflectance keeps much of the sun’s energy from being absorbed, while a high thermal emittance
radiates away any solar energy that is absorbed, allowing the roof to cool more rapidly. Cool roofs are
typically white and have a smooth surface. Commercial roof products that qualify as cool roofs fall into
three categories: single-ply, liquid-applied, and metal panels. The solar reflectance and thermal
emittance property values represent initial conditions as determined by a laboratory accredited by the
Cool Roof Rating Council.
Cool roofs are cost effective over air-conditioned spaces for buildings located in climate zones 1 - 5. In
these locations, a minimum of 75% of the entire roof surface not used for roof penetrations shall be
covered with roofing products that comply with one or more of the following:
 Have a minimum initial SRI of 78 for a low-sloped roof (a slope less than or equal to 2:12) and a
minimum initial SRI of 29 for a steep-sloped roof (a slope of more than 2:12).
 Comply with the criteria for the US EPA’s Energy Star Program Requirements for Roof Products –
Eligibility Criteria.
 For industrial buildings with only heating and ventilation, cool roofs can improve the comfort
conditions (and hence productivity) in the space.
In order to be considered a cool roof, a solar reflectance of 0.67 when tested in accordance with ASTM
C1549, ASTM E903, or ASTM E1918 and, in addition, a minimum thermal emittance of 0.75 when
tested in accordance with ASTM C1371 or ASTM E408, or a minimum Solar Reflective Index of 78
when determined in accordance with the Solar Reflectance Index method in ASTM E1980 where
standard white is SRI = 100 and standard black has SRI = 0. An SRI can be determined by the
following equations:
SRI = 123.97 – 141.35(x) + 9.655(x2)
Where:
3
0
6
.
0
7
9
7
.
0
2

0
.
2
1
 
 
5
0
2
5
.
9
x

,
Where:
 is the solar absorptance (= 1 – solar reflectance)
 is the thermal emissivity, which were derived from ASTM E1980 assuming a medium wind speed,
and are listed in Table 12.
13
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
Table 12. Characteristics of reflective roofing materials.
Roofing Type
Color
New Solar
Reflectance
Aged Solar
Reflectance
New Thermal
Emittance
SRI
(ASTM
E1980
84 – 106
Roof Coatings
White
0.70 – 0.85
0.50 –0.65
0.85
Roof Coatings
Grey or Tan
0.70
0.50
0.85
84
Roof Coatings
Terra Cotta or Brown
0.40
0.30
0.85
43
Roof Coatings
Aluminized
0.50
0.40
0.50
42
Metal Paint
Red
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Terra Cotta
0.35
0.35
0.83
36
Metal Paint
Bright Red
0.35
0.35
0.83
36
Metal Paint
Beige/Off White
0.55
0.55
0.83
63
Metal Paint
Tan
0.45
0.45
0.83
49
Metal Paint
Dark Blue
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Medium to Light Blue
0.32
0.32
0.83
32
Metal Paint
Dark Brown
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Medium to Light Brown
0.32
0.32
0.83
32
Metal Paint
Dark Green
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Medium to Light Green
0.32
0.32
0.83
32
Metal Paint
White
0.65
0.65
0.83
77
Metal Paint
Bright White
0.70
0.70
0.83
84
Metal Paint
Black
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Dark Grey
0.25
0.25
0.83
22
Metal Paint
Medium to Light Grey
0.35
0.35
0.83
36
Metal Paint
Pearlescent Colors
0.35
0.35
0.75
32
Galvalume
Unpainted
0.65
0.55
0.05
45
Copper Metal
Unpainted
0.85
0.18
0.03
89
Galvanized Steel
Unpainted
0.40
0.20
0.50
26
EPDM Membrane
Black
0.05
0.10
0.85
0
TPO Membrane
White
0.80
0.60
0.85
99
TPO Membrane
Grey
0.50
0.40
0.85
57
PVC Membrane
White
0.80
0.60
0.85
99
PVC Membrane
Grey
0.50
0.40
0.85
57
Asphalt Shingle
Dark Color
0.10
0.10
0.85
4
Asphalt Shingle
Light Color
0.25
0.25
0.85
23
Modified Bitumen Cap Sheet
Dark Color
0.10
0.10
0.85
4
Modified Bitumen Cap Sheet
Light Color
0.25
0.25
0.85
23
Modified Bitumen Cap Sheet
White
0.50-0.60
0.40 – 0.45
0.85
14
57 - 71
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
4. NR means there is no requirement or recommendation for a component in this climate zone.
5. Increased Building Air tightness. Building air leakage (measured in cfm/ft2) is the average volume of
air(measured in cubic feet per minute) that passes through a unit area of the building envelope (measured in
square feet) when the building is maintained at a specified internal pressure (measured in Pascals).
ASHRAE has proposed a building air tightness requirement of 0.4 cfm/ft2 @ 75 Pa as an addendum to
Standard 90.1-2004. ASHRAE has also proposed an approach to complying with the new requirement with a
pressurization test to show that the building leakage does not exceed 0.4 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa. This air tightness
requirement provides a number that can be used for the energy simulations and was assumed to be the
baseline leakage rate. The air tightness requirement adopted by the U.S. Army for new construction is more
stringent than the one proposed by ASHRAE and requires that the leakage rate must not exceed 0.25 cfm/ft2
at 75 Pa, and was assumed for the energy efficient building models. To convert the values used for building
leakage tests at the pressure difference of 75Pa to the values which can be used to calculate required
excessive outdoor air supply rates, the following equation can be used ΔQ = Q75 * (5/75)0.65 = 0.172 * Q75.
The excessive airflow rate for the building complying with the new ASHRAE 90.1 Standard air leakage
requirement is 0.069 cfm/ft2. Respective number for the building built to the Army model RFP requirement is
0.043cfm/ft2.
6. Dedicated Outdoor Air System. A central dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS), provides:
a. outside air for building indoor air quality and humidity control, (the amount needed is typically less than
the amount exhausted from the bathroom and kitchen),
b. make-up air for bathroom and kitchen exhausts (when needed), and
c. building pressurization to prevent infiltration which allows for reduction of heating/cooling and moisture
loads on the system (See Figure 1).
Figure 1. DOAS Schematic.
Central DOAS does not provide sensible heating or cooling. This is provided by a complementing
heating and cooling system, which will be taking care of only sensible loads. Complementing system
can be radiant ceiling system (suspended or embedded into the ceiling) or convective (four pipe or DX
fan-coil units). There are 2 types specified: the first system is for humid climates with a high latent load
specified with dual, in series DX coils and 45F supply air temperature on a reset schedule. The other
system has a single high efficiency DX coil and a higher supply air temperature of 55F on a reset
schedule.
7. Decoupling exhaust and supply systems for laundry rooms. To reduce unneeded energy use for
heating and cooling of the make-up air and for air transportation of supply and exhausted air from the dryers,
15
Energy and Water Conservation Design Requirements for SRM Projects
laundry exhaust and supply systems are separated in the efficient building model from the rest of the building
exhaust and supply systems. Laundry exhaust system and corresponding make-up systems operate only
when dryers are operating.
8. Duct and pipe insulation, values are from the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Highway
Lodging.
9. Drain Water Heat Recovery System. Domestic hot water (DHW) is one of the major heating energy users
in the Army barrack buildings. With an average usage rate of 30gal/day per occupant at 110oF, depending
upon location and climate, DHW can consume more than 60% of the total annual heating energy supplied to
barrack buildings and be the dominant hot water consumer during the non-heating season. Approximately
80-90% of hot water energy goes down the drain. Gravity-Film Heat Exchanger (GFX) is a vertical counterflow heat exchanger that extracts heat out of drain water and applies it to preheat the cold water be mixed
with hot water to be used in the shower. The CFX consists of a 3-or 4-inch central cooper pipe (that carries
the warm wastewater) with a ½-in.cooper coils wound around the central pipe. Heat is transferred from the
wastewater passing through the large, central pipe to the cold water simultaneously moving upward through
the coils on the outside of the pipe. The coils are flattened a little to increase the contact area and improve
heat transfer. The system is beneficial for use with showers where the use of hot and cold water and the
production of waste-water from the shower occur at the same time. The most efficient application is to
combine several shower drains for each GFX.
16