PUBLIC WORKS TECHNICAL BULLETIN 200-3-29
20 JUNE 2005
SOURCES OF PLANT MATERIALS FOR LAND
REHABILITATION
Public Works Technical Bulletins are published
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Washington, DC. They are intended to provide
information on specific topics in areas of
Facilities Engineering and Public Works. They
are not intended to establish new DA policy.
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
441 G Street, NW
Washington, DC 20314-1000
CEMP-CE
Public Works Technical Bulletin
No. 200-3-29
20 June 2005
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
SOURCES OF PLANT MATERIALS FOR LAND
REHABILITATION
1. Purpose. The purpose of this Public Works Technical Bulletin
(PWTB) is to transmit information regarding sources of native
plant materials for the United States that can be utilized at
military installations for land rehabilitation and maintenance.
2. Applicability. This PWTB applies to all Continental United
States (CONUS) Army facilities.
3. References.
a. “Army Policy Guidance for Management and Control of
Invasive Species” Memorandum from the Assistant Chief of Staff
for Installation Management [ACS(IM)], ATTN: DAIM-ED-N, 600 Army
Pentagon, Washington DC, 20310-0600.
b. Army Regulation 200-2. Environmental Effects of Army
Actions. Department of the Army, 23 December 1988.
c. AR 200-3. Natural Resources - Land, Forest, Wildlife
Management. 28 February 1995.
d. AR 350-4. Integrated Training Area Management. 1 November
1998.
e. Executive Order 13112. 3 February 1999. “Invasive
Species” http://www.nara.gov/fedreg/eo.html/june25,200l. Also in
Federal Register, Vol 64, No. 25, Monday, 8 February 1999,
Presidential Documents, pp 6183-6186.
f. Federal Native Plant Conservation Memorandum of
Understanding, 23 November 1994.
https://www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/ESPrograms/Conservation/MOA/DOD/note3.html. 12 September 2001.
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g. Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974. 7 U.S.C., 2801-2814, 3
January 1975, as amended 1988 and 1994
http://ipl.unm.edu/cwl/fedbook/fedweed.html.
h. U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command. 1989. “Weed
Control and Plant Growth Regulation.” NAVFAC MO-314, AFM 91-19,
TM 5-629. Washington, DC. 178 pp.
4. Discussion.
a. AR 200-2, AR 200-3, EO 13112, Federal Native Plant
Conservation Memorandum of Understanding, etc contain policy for
either the introduction of non-native invasive species or to
encourage the use of native species for restoration and
rehabilitation efforts on military lands. Finding sources of
native and locally adapted seed and plant materials for use on
military lands can be difficult.
b. The contents of this report are not to be used for
advertising or promotional purposes. Citation and inclusion of
vendors does not constitute an official endorsement. While
efforts were made to be as thorough as possible, errors and
omissions may have occurred. Omission of a vendor does not
constitute an official disapproval. Additions and corrections
are encouraged for future revisions.
c. This bulletin provides a comprehensive list of vendors
for native and locally adapted plant species for terrestrial nonaquatic areas. Vendors were derived from state, county,
telephone directories and organization sources. The developed
list will help in securing seed or plants for managing
installation lands.
d. Appendixes A contain the background, approach taken, and
scope of this project.
e. Appendix B includes lists (by state and town) of CONUS
U.S. vendors that supply native and or locally adapted native
seed and/or plants.
5. Points of Contact. HQUSACE is the proponent for this
document. The POC at HQUSACE is Mr. Malcolm E. McLeod, CEMP-II,
202-761-0632, or e-mail: malcolm.e.mcleod@usace.army.mil.
Questions and/or comments regarding this subject should be
directed to the technical POC:
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Construction Engineering Research Laboratory
ATTN: CEERD-CN-E (Heidi R. Howard)
2902 Newmark Drive
Champaign, IL 61822-1072
Tel. (217) 352-6511
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FAX: (217) 373-7251
e-mail: heidi.r.howard@erdc.usace.army.mil
FOR THE COMMANDER:
DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E
Chief, Engineering and Construction
Directorate of Civil Works
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Appendix A
Sourcing Native Plant Materials
1. Introduction.
a. War, by its very nature, is destructive to the environment.
It follows logically that training for war is also destructive to
the environment. Environmental impacts associated with heavy
training include soil compaction, soil erosion, siltation of
waterways and wetlands, increased threat of flooding, loss of
wildlife habitat, declining biodiversity, and invasion by noxious
weeds. Environmental degradation has a negative impact on the
training mission as well. Tactical concealment resources are
lost. Realism of the natural environment is diminished. Heavily
eroded areas become dangerous or impassable with tactical
vehicles. Moreover, public outcry over the condition of military
training lands jeopardizes the image of the Armed Forces as a
capable steward of the land.
b. As a result of the concerns expressed by military land
managers and trainers over the declining condition of training
and testing lands, the Army’s Integrated Training Area Management
(ITAM) program was implemented. ITAM includes land condition and
trend analysis (LCTA), environmental awareness (EA), range land
(RTLP), and land rehabilitation and maintenance (LRAM).
c. Both the need for and the interest in LRAM have increased
dramatically. Among the many difficulties faced in planning and
implementing a land rehabilitation project is procurement of
appropriate plant materials for revegetation of damaged lands.
To satisfy government procurement requirements and ensure a fair
and reasonable price for materials, it is usually necessary to
identify and solicit bids from multiple vendors. In addition,
there is an increasing emphasis on the use of locally endemic or
adapted plant species. These factors increase the demand to
identify multiple commercial sources of regional or local sources
of plant materials.
2. Approach
a. In 1994, CERL first published a Technical Report containing
a list of native seed vendors. In 1997 it was updated by AEC and
now in 2004 CERL has again updated the vendor list. Requried
information for this program was extracted from past technical
reports, plant databases, and by business information from webbased telephone directories. Using the key phrases “seeds and
bulbs”, “seeds”, “native”, “plant” and “native plants” over 6000
businesses were identified across the United States. The
resulting list was cross-referenced with several web-based vendor
lists, duplicate businesses were removed and additions from the
other databases added. All vendors were contacted and questioned
to determine whether seeds, plants or starters for the following
A-1
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indigenous, native, plants were supplied: trees, shrubs, grasses,
forbs, and wetland species. If vendors did supply any of the
before mentioned native species they were then asked if the
species supplied were locally adapted. Definition of local
adaptation was generalized and constituted a 100 mile radius of
the vendor. Vendor information was either updated or deleted
based on response. Sources of information included the
following:
(1) “2004 Buyers Guide,” Land and Water.
2003. Land and Water, Fort Dodge, IA.
November/December
(2) “Commercial Sources of Conservation Plant Materials”.
2001. USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service, Tucson Plant
Materials Center, Tucson, AZ.
http://plants.usda.gov/pmpubs/pdf/azpmsarseedlist0501.pdf
(3) “Directory of Wetland Vendors in the United States”.
1999. USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service, Jamie L.
Whitten Plant Materials Center, Coffeeville MS:
http://plantmaterials.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/publications/wetlandvendors.html
http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/pubs/mspmcpuvend0999.pdf
(4) “Native Plant Information Network.”
http://www.wildflower2.org/NPIN/Suppliers/Seed_Company/Seed.html
(5) “Native Plant Nursery Directory”.
http://www.plantnative.org/national_nursery_dir_main.htm
(6) “Products and Services Directory”. 2004. Erosion
Control Vol. 10, No. 4. International Erosion Control
Association, Steamboat Springs, CO.
(7) “Sources of Native Seeds and Plants”.
Conservation Society, Ankeny, IA.
Soil and Water
(8) “Sources of Plant Materials for Land Rehabilitation”.
Warren, S. D. and G. L. Howard. 98/44 CERL Technical Report.
(9) “White Pages”
http://www.whitepages.com
(10) “Yellow Pages”
http://www.yellowpages.com/Index.aspx
3. Scope.
a. Users of this vendor list should be aware that most vendors
will not carry all species. For any given species, it may be
necessary to contact multiple vendors. In addition, the
availability and price of species may tend to vary seasonally and
annually based on growing conditions, supply, and outside demands
such as in the case of wildfires.
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Appendix B
CONUS U.S. Vendors of Native and/or
Locally Adapted Native Seed and/or Plants
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