Improving the breakdown of the Central Credit
Register data by category of enterprises
Workshop on “Integrated management of micro-databases – Deepening
business intelligence within central banks’ statistical systems”
Porto 20-22 June 2013
Villetelle, Jean-Pierre
Companies Observatory, Banque de France
E-mail: jean-pierre.villetelle@banque-france.fr
1
Presentation
1. Definitions
2. Results
3. Conclusion
2
1
Presentation
1. Definitions
2. Results
3. Conclusion
3
Definitions of « enterprise » (1/2)
•
From administrative sources: legal units
•
From the Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 “on
the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the
production system in the Community”:
“The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an
organizational unit producing goods or services, which benefits
from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making,
especially for the allocation of its current resources. An
enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more
locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.” (Section III.A)
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2
1. Definitions of « enterprise » (2/2)
“The enterprise thus defined is an economic entity which can therefore, under
certain circumstances, correspond to a grouping of several legal units. Some legal
units, in fact, perform activities exclusively for other legal units and their
existence can only be explained by administrative factors (e.g. tax reasons),
without them being of any economic significance. A large proportion of the legal
units with no persons employed also belongs to this category. In many cases, the
activities of these legal units should be seen as ancillary activities of the parent
legal unit they serve, to which they belong and to which they must be attached to
form an enterprise used for economic analysis.”
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Ex. From 9 legal units to three enterprises
Banque de France – direction des Entreprises
Paris, 17 octobre 2011 - L’Observatoire des entreprises
6
3
The 2008 Law in France – definitions and categories (1/2)
The Law for Modernizing the Economy (Loi de Modernisation de l’économie
(LME), art. 51.
The Statistical Decree
Décret n° 2008-1354 du 18 décembre 2008 relatif aux critères permettant de
déterminer la catégorie d'appartenance d'une entreprise pour les besoins de
l'analyse statistique et économique
Three categories are defined:
• Small/Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) (incl. Micro-Enterprises)
• Intermediate-Sized Enterprises (ISEs) – for the French “Entreprise de Taille
intermédiaire (ETI)
• Large Enterprises (LEs), a new category is introduced
Three criteria must be used simultaneously (and not alternatively):
• Employment
• Turnover
• Balance sheet total
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The 2008 Law in France – definitions and categories (2/2)
Table 1. Size categories according to three criteria: Employment, Turnover
and Balance Sheet Total
Turnover
< 2 €M
[2; 50[ €M
[50;1,500[ €M
> 1,500 €M
Balance Sheet
Total
< 2 €M
> 2 €M
< 2 €M
[2; 43] €M
> 43 €M
< 2 €M
[2; 43] €M
[43 ; 2,000] €M
> 2,000 €M
< 10
Employment (number of employees)
10 to 249
250 to 4 999
> 5 000
micro-enterprises
SMEs
micro-enterprises
ISEs
LEs
micro-enterprises
SMEs
(€M = million euros)
SMEs: Small/Medium-sized Enterprises
ISEs: Intermediate-Sized Enterprises
LEs: Large Enterprises (LEs)
Banque de France – direction des Entreprises
Paris, 17 octobre 2011 - L’Observatoire des entreprises
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4
Presentation
1. Definitions
2. Results
3. Conclusion
9
Enterprises and legal units in 2009 (Decree n° 2008-1354)
Number of
enterprises
Number of
legal units
Total
Independant LU
French Groups
Affiliates of foreign groups
Total
Independant LU
French Groups
Affiliates of foreign groups
LEs
ISEs
217
s
148
69
24 937
s
22 040
2 897
4 576
490
2 806
1 280
40 141
490
31 893
7 758
SMEs exc. Micro Microenterprises
131 253
100 900
25 781
4 572
188 686
100 900
80 081
7 705
2 555 003
2 545 918
7 324
1 761
2 565 147
2 545 918
17 095
2 134
Total
2 691 049
2 647 308
36 059
7 682
2 818 911
2 647 308
151 109
20 494
Source Insee: Béguin J.-M., Hecquet V., Lemasson J., direction des Statistiques d’entreprises (2012), “Un tissu productif plus concentré qu’il ne semblait. Nouvelle définition et nouvelles
Banque
ded’entreprises”,
France – direction
des Entreprises
catégories
Insee Première
n° 1399 - Mars 2012
Paris, 17 octobre 2011 - L’Observatoire des entreprises
10
http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=ip1399
5
Enterprises and legal units in 2009 (Decree n° 2008-1354)
Source Insee: Béguin J.-M., Hecquet V., Lemasson J., direction des Statistiques d’entreprises (2012), “Un tissu productif plus concentré qu’il ne semblait. Nouvelle définition et nouvelles
Banque
ded’entreprises”,
France – direction
des Entreprises
catégories
Insee Première
n° 1399 - Mars 2012
Paris, 17 octobre 2011 - L’Observatoire des entreprises
11
http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=ip1399
Data sources for the Central Credit Register data
Central Credit Register (outstanding amounts of credit)
Fiscal forms (Employment, Turnover, Balance Sheet Total, Financial
Linkages) in:
Fiben, ALTARES,FARE,ORBIS
pecking order, favouring quality and timeliness
Annual update
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Two additional categories
Unreferenced enterprises
Other Real state Activities
New entities
Housing associations, with non-business activities
Missing values
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Results for the Central Credit register Data
Table 2. Central Credit Register Data – France, April 2013
A – Breakdown by categorises: Legal units
Outstanding amounts, Billion euros
Number of
Enterprises
April 2013
Drawn Credit
Outstanding
amount
April 2013
Independent SMEs
-
151.8
SMEs belonging to a group
Sub-Total (SMEs)
LEs
Holding Companies
Real estate activities
Total
-
64.2
215.9
124.2
109.9
356.5
806.5
Annual
change %
April 2013 /
April 2012
-0.1
3.9
1.1
0.5
-5.5
2.9
0.8
Drawn and Undrawn
Credit
Outstanding
Annual
amount
change %
April 2013
April 2013 /
April 2012
168.2
-0.5
75.3
243.4
197.4
210.8
389.1
1 040.8
3.3
0.7
0.4
-6.2
2.9
-0.1
B – Breakdown by categorises: Enterprises
Outstanding amounts, Billion euros
Number of
Enterprises
April 2013
SMEs
ISEs
LEs
Sub-Total (SMEs, ISEs and LEs)
Other Real Estate companies
Unreferenced enterprises
Total
1 080 887
4 802
219
1 085 908
471 201
36 998
1 594 107
Drawn Credit
Outstanding
amount
April 2013
357.6
215.1
85.5
658.3
137.3
13.0
808.6
Annual
change %
April 2013 /
April 2012
0.7
-2.5
-6.4
-1.3
3.7
NS
1.1
Drawn and Undrawn
Credit
Outstanding
Annual
amount
change %
April 2013
April 2013 /
April 2012
405.1
-0.5
263.4
-1.9
213.4
-5.0
881.9
-2.0
143.4
2.8
18.9
NS
1 044.3
0.3
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Drawn credit – annual changes %
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Presentation
1. Definitions
2. Results
3. Conclusion
16
8
Conclusion
A different picture between legal units and enterprises
In terms of activity
In terms of credit
Issues:
Stability of the categories over time
Comparability with other sources
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Thank you for attention
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ANNEXES
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Drawn credit – sept. 2012 (annual changes %)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
ETI
GE
Divers SCI
TotPME
20
10
Drawn credit matrix – Sept. 2012
Micro TPE
PE
ME
ETI
GE
Divers SCI
(vide)
Micro-entreprises
67,7
4,1
1,3
0,8
0,3
0,0
0,1
0,9
75,1
PME indépendantes hors micro-entreprises
23,3 11,0
7,8
6,1
1,5
0,1
0,0
0,3
50,1
PME appartenant à un groupe hors micro-entreprises
4,4
6,3 10,1 25,3
15,2
2,3
0,0
0,0
63,7
Grandes Entreprises
8,7
1,9
0,5 11,7
65,2 36,5
0,0
0,5
125,1
Holdings et/ou Admin. d entreprises
20,0
5,1
3,9 12,6
39,4 27,0
0,5
1,9
110,2
Activités Immobilières
58,1 11,6
2,4 41,5
92,6 16,5
124,1
4,6
351,3
Activités financières - Admin. Publique
(vide)
0,1
0,0
0,0 284,9
285,1
0,0 0,0
0,0
0,0
182,1 40,1 25,9 98,0 214,3 82,4
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,1
0,0 241,7
124,7 534,8
241,7
1302,2
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